S (subject) 主语主语V (verbal phrase) 谓语谓语P (predicative) 表语表语O (object)宾语宾语 Oi间接宾语间接宾语Od直接宾语直接宾语C (complement) 补语补语 2021/6/71英英语语的的句句子子结结构构* *几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成并列句; ;* *几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和从句 的复合句。的复合句。简单句简单句简单句简单句SVSVPSVOSVOiOdSVOC 2021/6/72简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型1）SV 主语谓语主语谓语eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.2) SVP 主语谓语表语主语谓语表语eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.3) SVO 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.2021/6/73简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型4）SVOiOd 主语谓语主语谓语+间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.5) SVOC 主语谓语宾语补语主语谓语宾语补语eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.* *在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到谓语! !* *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还有 及物动词与不及物动词的区别。及物动词与不及物动词的区别。 2021/6/74Ex: Find out the predicate in each sentence.1. The soup tastes good.2. The boy is interested in playing PC games. 3. The boss made the workers work long hours.4. He practises playing the piano every day.5. They had finished the job when the boss came.6. Record every word you hear.7. He didnt turn to me for help.* *在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）在英语简单句中，只能有而且（一般情况下）必须有必须有一一个谓语部分！个谓语部分！ 2021/6/75句子成分的构成句子成分的构成句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语主语、谓语、宾语、表语句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定语、状语、补语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语插入语、同位语2021/6/76句子成分的构成句子成分的构成主语可以用以下这些表示：主语可以用以下这些表示：主语可以用以下这些表示：主语可以用以下这些表示： 1. 名词；名词；2. 代词；代词； 3. 数词；数词；4. 动名词；动名词；5. 不定式；不定式； 6. 词组或复合结构；词组或复合结构；7. 从句从句；8. 名词化的其他词类。名词化的其他词类。eg: A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking. Two will be enough. Smoking is very dangerous. To see is to believe. Whether well go depends on the weather. “A” is an article.一、主语一、主语2021/6/77二、表语二、表语 表语跟在表语跟在表语跟在表语跟在bebebebe动词和系动词之后，可以用下面动词和系动词之后，可以用下面动词和系动词之后，可以用下面动词和系动词之后，可以用下面这些东西表示：这些东西表示：这些东西表示：这些东西表示：1. 名词；名词；2. 代词；代词；3. 数词；数词；4. 形容词；形容词； 5. 分词；分词；6. 动名词；动名词；7. 不定式；不定式；8. 副词；副词；9. 介词短语；介词短语； 10. 词组；词组；11. 从句从句。如：。如： The masses are the real heroes. Thats something we have always to keep in mind. She was the first to learn about it. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up. All I could do was sending him a telegram. We must be off now. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.2021/6/78三三、宾宾语语 宾宾语语跟跟在在及及物物动动词词后后，有有直直接接间间接接之之分分，可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 名词；名词；2. 代词；代词；3. 数词；数词；4. 动名词；动名词；5. 不定式；不定式； 6. 复复合合结结构构；7. 从从句句；8. 名名词词化化的的形形容容词词及及其其他他词词类类，如：如： She died a heroic death. They didnt promise him anything definite. How many do you want? We need two. Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you. Learn to play the piano. Ill get it stamped. Did you write down what she said? He gave me a new pencil. He gave a new pencil to me.2021/6/79四、定语四、定语 定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，定语起类似于形容词的修饰作用，可以用下面这些东西表示：可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. 形容词；形容词；2. 代词；代词；3. 数词；数词；4. 名词或名词所有格；名词或名词所有格； 5. 分分词词； 6. 不不定定式式；7. 介介词词短短语语；8. 副副词词；9. 词词组组或或合合成词；成词；10. 从句（即定语从句）。从句（即定语从句）。如：如： His words moved everyone present. We belong to the third world. We must live up to the Partys expectations. This is indeed a most pressing problem. There are two things to be discussed today. He is a man of good temper. I saw a bird which was eating a worm in the tree.2021/6/710五、状语五、状语 状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示状语类似于副词，可以用下面这些东西表示 1. 副词；副词；2. 介词短语；介词短语；3. 不定式；不定式；4. 分词；分词；5. 形容词；形容词； 6. 词组；词组；7. 复合结构；复合结构；8. 从句从句，如：，如： They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. They did everything they could to save the boys life. I said it in fun. They all rushed over, eager to help. They returned tired and hungry. He came up shouldering a spade. We completed the work five days ahead of time. (词组词组) Seeing this, some students became very worried. (分词分词) He entered the room, his nose red with cold. (复合结构复合结构) 2021/6/7112021/6/712*几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成几个简单句用分号或并列连词连接起来构成 并列句并列句这样的连接词有这样的连接词有: :1) 1) 表示意义延伸的并列连词：表示意义延伸的并列连词： and, not onlybut (also), neithernor 2) 2) 表示选择概念的并列连词表示选择概念的并列连词: : or, eitheror, 3) 3) 表示转折的并列连词表示转折的并列连词: : but, while, 4) 4) 表示原因的表示原因的: : for2021/6/713eg:eg: 1) 1) As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged. 2) Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.3）Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather. 2021/6/714* * 几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和几个简单句可通过各种方式组合成含有主句和 从句的从句的复合句复合句。构成构成从属从属关系的复杂句包括关系的复杂句包括 名词性分句名词性分句( (可以作主语、宾语、同位语、可以作主语、宾语、同位语、 主语补语）、定语分句主语补语）、定语分句、状语分句。状语分句。2021/6/715I. Choose the best answers：1._ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.2. (00春季春季 )3. A. Trying B. Try 4. C. To try D. Having tried2021/6/7162. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (00上海上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope2021/6/7173. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (01春招春招) A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept2021/6/7184. _ at the door before entering, please. (01春招春招) A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 2021/6/7195. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (01上海）上海） A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give2021/6/7206. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. (03春招）春招） A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 2021/6/7217. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 2021/6/7228. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (04上海上海) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 2021/6/7239. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt2021/6/72410. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. (04上海上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 2021/6/72511. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (04广西广西) A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed2021/6/726II. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.)1.My parents love me dearly of course and will2. do all they can make sure that I get a good 3. education. (01全国全国)to2. He said he was busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (02北京北京)made2021/6/7273. Remembering not to shout at them. (02北京北京)Remember4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (02全国全国)when5. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (02全国全国) 2021/6/7286. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese. (03全国全国)7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (03全国全国)it8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (04福建福建)2021/6/7299. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (04湖北湖北)and girls. giving lessons to lovely boys11. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (04湖北湖北)it10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. (04天津天津)swim2021/6/730一、长句的特点一、长句的特点： (1) 修饰语多；修饰语多； (2) 并列成分多；并列成分多； (3) 语言结构层次多。语言结构层次多。2021/6/731eg. The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. 2021/6/732二、理解长句时可采用以下步骤二、理解长句时可采用以下步骤： (1) 找出全句的找出全句的主语主语、谓语谓语和和宾语宾语，( (复合句则复合句则 找出主句的主、谓、宾）从整体上把握句子找出主句的主、谓、宾）从整体上把握句子 的结构。的结构。 The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. 主句：主句：The study made that clear.2021/6/733(2) 找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和 从句的引导词。从句的引导词。The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. 2021/6/734(3) 分析从句和短语的分析从句和短语的功能功能，例如，是否为主语，例如，是否为主语 从句，宾语从句，表语从句等；从句，宾语从句，表语从句等； 若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、 还是表示条件等等。还是表示条件等等。The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. 2021/6/735(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系相互关系，例如，例如， 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities. The working class consists of lower-class peopleThe working class is so over-represented in crime statistics.Lower-class people are living in the lower-classareas of large cities.2021/6/736(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。注意插入语等其他成分。 (6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 2021/6/737Reading comprehension:1.The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey,2. and Alderney, have long been known for the3. fine breeds(品种品种) of cattle that are raised on4. them and named after them. (00春招春招)5.Q: Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney breeds of6. cattle are _.7. A. considered best in England8. B. named after their birthplaces9. C. brought to the islands by Germans10. D. raised on well-known farms by the French 2021/6/7382. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fishs age, just like the growth rings of a tree. (00春招春招)Q: Why does the writer compare the fish to trees? A. Trees gain a growth ring each day. B. Trees also have otoliths(耳石耳石). C. Their growth rings are very small. D. They both have growth rings. 2021/6/7393. The famous director of a big and expensivemovie planned to film a beautiful sunset overthe ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever. (00沪沪)Q: The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because _. A. it went well with the separation of the hero and the heroine. B. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the evening. C. it was more moving than a sunrise D. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset2021/6/7404. According to the information Mrs. Schleifer had gathered, Panula gave up her seat on a lifeboat to search for her five childrenincluding a 13- month-old boy named Einofrom whom she had become separated during the final minutes of the crossing. (04江苏江苏)Q: The baby travelled on the ship with his _. A. mother B. parents C. aunt D. relatives2021/6/741Practice makes perfect!2021/6/742部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！