过去分词的用法过去分词的用法1.现在分词现在分词形式形式过去分词过去分词形式形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone现在分词现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作表语表语、定语定语、宾语补足宾语补足语和状语语和状语。2.1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。又表示完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。被动结构。 (3)The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。这座城市三面环山。q过去分词作表语过去分词作表语3.【注意注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。表示动作。 (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）表示动作） (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。（过去图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）分词作表语） 【注意注意】过去分词表示被动或完成过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用饰人，用 -ing 形式来修饰物。形式来修饰物。 (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。4.q过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 作作定定语语用用的的过过去去分分词词相相当当于于形形容容词词，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是它它所所修修饰饰的的名名词词。及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，既既表表被被动动又又表表完完成成；不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词作定语，只表完成。去分词作定语，只表完成。 1. 过过去去分分词词用用作作定定语语，如如果果是是单单个个的的，常常置置于于其其所修饰的名词之前。所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2. 过过去去分分词词短短语语用用作作定定语语时时，一一般般置置于于其其所所修修饰饰的的名名词词之之后后，其其意意义义相相当当于于一一个个定定语语从从句句，但但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 5.3.过过去去分分词词短短语语有有时时也也可可用用作作非非限限制制性性定定语，前后常有逗号。语，前后常有逗号。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他他们们举举行行了了欢欢迎迎英英雄雄的的大会，到会的有五千多人。大会，到会的有五千多人。 6.q 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因因为为写写得得匆匆忙忙，这这篇篇文文章章不是很好。不是很好。 【注注意意】written 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，表表示示这这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。 (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因因为为沉沉溺溺于于思思考考之之中，所以他没听到那个声音。中，所以他没听到那个声音。 7.2. 过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时其其逻逻辑辑主主语语为为主主句句的的主主语语，此时应注意人称一致。此时应注意人称一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再再给给我我一一个个小小时时，我我也也能能解解这这道道题题。（given 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语为主句主语为主句主语 I ，即，即 I 被再给一个小时。）被再给一个小时。） (2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 从从山山顶顶看看城城市市，城城市市显显得得更更漂漂亮亮。（seen 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，表表“被被看看”，由由语语境境可可知知，它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语必必须须是是城城市市，而而不不是是“我我们们”，因为，因为“我们我们”应主动看城市。）应主动看城市。）8. 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因因为为淋淋了了一一场场大大雨雨，所所以以他他全全身身湿湿透透了了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为为过过去去分分词词短短语语作作原原因因状状语语，它它来来源源于于原原因因状状语语从从句句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如如果果种种在在肥肥沃沃的的土土壤壤里里，这这些些种种子子能能长长得得很很快快。( grown in rich soil 为为过过去去分分词词作作条条件件状状语语，它它来来源源于于条条件件状状语语从从句句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.9. 【注注意意】状状语语从从句句改改成成过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时有有时时还还可可保保留留连连词词,有有时时为为了了强强调调时时间间概概念念，过过去去分分词词之之前前可可用用表表示示时时间间的的连连词词，构构成成“连连词词过过去去分分词词”结结构构作作状状语语,如如when，while等等。例如：例如： When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当当你你做做体体格格检检查查时时要要保保持镇定。持镇定。 4. 过过去去分分词词作作状状语语的的位位置置。过过去去分分词词可可放放在在主主句句前前作作句句首首状状语语，后后面面有有逗逗号号与与主主句句隔隔开开；也也可可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他他静静静静地地站站在在那那里里，被被感感动动得得热热泪泪盈眶。盈眶。10.表示时间Seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fogWhen it is seen from the top of the hill，our city looks surrounded in the fog从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。Once published，the dictionary will be very popularOnce it is published，the dictionary will be very popular一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。11.拓展:有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：When completed，this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。When told to go to the teachers office，the girl began to cry当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。12.表示原因:Tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleepSince he was tired out by hard work，he soon fell asleep由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。13.表示条件:Given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much betterIf we had been given more time，we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。Beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouragedThough they were beaten by the opposite team，the players were not discouraged虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。14.表示伴随:The professor sat there，surrounded by a lot of students教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。He came back，utterly exhausted他回来时疲惫不堪。15.q 过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语（一一）能能够够接接过过去去分分词词作作宾宾补补的的动动词词有有以以下下三三类：类： 1. 表表示示感感觉觉或或心心理理状状态态的的动动词词。如如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我我听听到到有有人人用用英英语语唱唱过过这这首首歌歌。（过过去去分分词词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）；） (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他他发发现现他他的的家家乡乡变变化化很很大大。（过过去去分分 词词 changed的的 动动 作作 显显 然然 先先 于于 谓谓 语语 动动 作作found）16.2. 表表示示“致致使使”意意义义的的动动词词。如如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明明天我要理发。天我要理发。(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。 【注注意意】过过去去分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作一一定定和和宾宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 17.（二）使役动词（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：所经历。如： (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断他的腿断了。了。 （自己的经历）（自己的经历）18.q“with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构结构“with宾宾语语过过去去分分词词”结结构构中中，过过去去分分词词用用作作介介词词with的的宾宾语语补补足足语语。这这一一结结构构通通常常在在句句中中作作时时间间、方方式式、条条件件、原原因因等状语。例如：等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水水一一被被加加热热，我我们们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事事情情得得到到解解决决，我我们都回家了。（表原因）们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着他仍然举着手站了一会儿。手站了一会儿。19.1_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA20.4_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB21.6Thereseemedtobenothing_todobut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7_everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do时，不定式通常省去to 22. 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A. following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A. looked; taken B. looking; takenC. looked; took D. looking; takingCB23.10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having givenDA24.1.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考点点拨考点点拨25.简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部待选部分是一个作定语、修饰分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再根据再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词对于动词play来说只来说只能是被动承受能是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此因此,该题应选该题应选C。26.2.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析简析:该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichisspoken。27.3.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析简析:该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whowereinvited。28.4.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非可以用非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。代替。29.5.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichwerewritten。30.例例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而而hishands对于动词对于动词tie来来说说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。31._many times, he still cant understant it. A.Having been told B Having told C.Told D.Telling32.1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。33.2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。34.3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。35.4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。36.Practice1. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A.to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held2.Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A.to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on 3.I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.A.written B. writing C. was written D. to write4. Please dont forget him. He is one of _.A.those invited B. invited those C. those inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA37.3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB38.4.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken39.5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun40.6.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03北京春北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring41.9._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01全国夏全国夏)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered42.10.Before_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using11.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02京皖春京皖春)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying43.12.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.Allofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited44.13.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning45.15._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen46.16._betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving47.17.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted48.20.Ifoundacar_inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick49.50.