English Grammar Sentences cherry 1英语句子的种类英语句子的种类( (按交际用途）按交际用途）陈述句（陈述句（说明一个事实或陈述一个看说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。前，谓语在后。 ）疑问句疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句择疑问句、反义疑问句)祈使句祈使句 (表达命令、要求、请求、劝表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形告等，用原形)2英语句子的种类英语句子的种类( (按交际用途）按交际用途）感叹句感叹句（由由what 或或how引导的，表引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦）THERE-BE存在句存在句3英语句子的种类英语句子的种类(按结构按结构)简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)4I I、句子种类（按交际用途分）句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句存在句5n1 、陈述句（肯定、否定）：陈述句（肯定、否定）：nHe is six years old; nShe didnt hear of you before.n2 、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）nDo they like skating? nHow old is he? nIs he six or seven years old? nMary can swim, cant she? n3 、祈使句：祈使句：nBe careful, boys; nDont talk in classn4 、感叹句：感叹句：How clever the boy is!6II、句子类型（按句子结构分）句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句7二二、句句子子类类型型1、简单句、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构，个个成只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。分都是单词或短语的句子。All roads lead to Rome.He got up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.Is he a superman?Dont be shy. Have a try.The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.8主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt（及物动词）系动词Vi（不及物动词）简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了9I like the golden eagle.It has a hooked beak.It looks strong.It is lovely.SSSSVVlinking verbs(系动词)DODOP（表语)PredicativeV1. S + V(lv) + P 主语+ 谓语(系动词) + 表语系动词表语表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow / 变得10常见的连系动词常见的连系动词 1.表示表示感觉感觉的动词的动词5个个-翻译为翻译为 起来起来feel感到感到 excited; smell good; taste delicious;sound interesting; look happy2.表示表示变化变化的动词：有固定的搭配的动词：有固定的搭配get smaller; grow older; become stronger; turn yellow; go bad; come true3.表示表示状态保持状态保持的动词：的动词：stay healthy; keep warm; remain保持保持be (am,is.are,was,were)是是 ；seem似乎似乎必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。11We call the man David.a zookeeperSVDOOC(宾补)Object ComplementSVDOOCSVDOOCI make him angry.He tells us to protect the birdsDavid S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补12We call the man DavidDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词 S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型the manis就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系David此处为 名词宾补可接名词宾补的动词有call/elect/name/find13He tellsusto protect the birdsDOOC1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的 动词+ sb + to do 词组 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补此处为 带to的动词不定式做宾补14He tells us to protect the birds.常见的可接带to不定式宾补的动词有：tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite V + O + OC (V sb to do sth)My deskmate often makes me laugh.常见的可接不带to不定式当宾补的动词有：一感二听三让五看” feel,/ hear, listen to, / let, make, have, /look at, see, , watch, notice, observeV + O + OC (V sb do sth)He keeps me waiting.常见的可接动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：Keep 和 see,hear,feel,watch,findV + O + OC (V sb doing sth)15He spoke loudly to make himself heard.常见的可接动词-ed形式作宾补的动词有：Have, make, get,see,hear,feel,watch,findV + O + OC (V sb done)Can you hear someone playing basketball next door?He came home at midnight and found his money stolen.V sb doneV sb doing sth16 we shouldnt give any food.the birdsSVDO（直接宾语) Direct objectIO(间接宾语)Indirect ObjectHe tells me some rules. IOVSDOsb. Sth. S + V + IO + DO 主 +谓 + 间宾+直宾句型17I passHe boughthima bookhis sona present.IODOIODOtofor双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for S + V + IO + DO 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语加to: bring/ give/ offer/ pass/ show/ sell/ tell/ send/ lend/ return/ hand加for: buy/ choose/ draw/ make/ order/ paint/ sing/ save 18( )1. The weather is getting warmer and warmer .( )2. We painted the wall white .( )3. He asked me to go swimming with him .( )4. On Sunday many people have a walk in the park.( ) 5.Mary and Lynn live in Taiyuan .( )6. He did everything to help the poor .( )7. Jenny bought a watch for him.练习练习:下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型19二二、句句子子类类型型2、并列句、并列句 包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,or else,so,for,while,when;bothand,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also, as well as等来等来连接。连接。He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.Dont be late, for there is a meeting.Hurry up, or youll be late.He works hard while his brother is a lazy bone.He was enjoying his KFC when a friend came.20常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctionsn平行并列连词平行并列连词: n转折并列连词：转折并列连词：n因果并列连词因果并列连词: n选择并列连词选择并列连词:and, bothand, not only but also, neithernorbut, however, while, yet, whenfor, so, therefore, thusor, otherwise, eitheror211.August is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day I work from dawn until dark.2.He is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan.3.Honey is sweet,_ the bee stings.4.Dont be late, _there is a meeting.5.Hurry up, _youll be late.6.He works hard _his brother is a lazy bone.7.He was enjoying his KFC _ a friend came.练习：用适当的连词填空练习：用适当的连词填空soandbutfororwhilewhen22二二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句）名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、引导词、语序、时态呼应时态呼应、语态、语态。主语主语/表语表语/同位从句注意事项：同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态引导词、语序、语态。注意：注意： 1、名词性从句由什么引导、名词性从句由什么引导; 2、whether与与if的区别；的区别； 3、连接代词有无、连接代词有无-ever的区别；的区别； 4、同位从和定从的区别。、同位从和定从的区别。23n宾从的宾从的时态时态呼应，当主句动词是呼应，当主句动词是现在现在时，时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同不同时态。例如：时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 24当主句动词是当主句动词是过去过去时态（时态（could, wouldcould, would除外），从句则要用除外），从句则要用相应的过去相应的过去时态，时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如在时态。例如： nThe teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 25nI、引导引导名词性从句名词性从句的连接词：的连接词： nthat（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分） nwhether, if（均表示（均表示“是否是否”表明从句内容的表明从句内容的不确定性）不确定性） nas if ,as though（均表示（均表示“好像好像”，“似乎似乎”） n以上在从句中以上在从句中均不充当均不充当任何成分任何成分 26n连接连接代词代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever n连接副词连接副词：when, where, how, why连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当充当从句的成分从句的成分 2728 what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引导名词性从句的区别1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而n_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho, what 29二二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 （2）定语从句）定语从句=先行词先行词+引导词引导词+其它。其它。引导词引导词的选用取决于：的选用取决于：1）先行词；）先行词；2）引导词在定语从句中的成分；）引导词在定语从句中的成分；3 ）确定引导词。）确定引导词。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the headmaster at the meeting.3031323、复合句、复合句(3)状语从句状语从句 即用作状语的分句即用作状语的分句二二、句句子子类类型型状语从句状语从句=主句主句+连接词连接词+从句从句连接词连接词的选用取决于：的选用取决于：1）搞清楚主从句的逻辑关系；）搞清楚主从句的逻辑关系；2）确定连接词。）确定连接词。333435二二、句句子子类类型型3、复合句、复合句 4 4）并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。）并列复合句即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。English is widely used in the world, but China has the largest number of people who speak Chinese.36n一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：n1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.n2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.n3. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.n4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句简单句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 37二、将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主二、将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主从复合句。从复合句。1. He was tired. He went to bed. 1. He was tired, so he went to bed. 2. Our teacher must be at home. The door is open.2. Our teacher must be at home, for the door is open. 383. A satellite is an object. A satellite is either natural or man- made. A satellite travels in an orbit round another object in space. 3. A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, which travels in an orbit round another object in space. 394. There was once a famous detective. He was named Sherlock Holmes. He lived in London. The time was at the end of the nineteenth century. 5. There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century. 40nHis parents were surprised that a child should work out the problem _1_they themselves couldnt. As the smallest kid of his family, Alex is always longing for the occasion _2_ he should be able to be independent. Child _ 3 _ he is, he learns many things from the books .nIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _ 4 _ he or she wants. His father was very strict with him _ 5_ he was at school?n He had never praised him_6_he became one of the top students in his grade.三、名从、定从和状从连词综合训练短文填空三、名从、定从和状从连词综合训练短文填空41nMr. Hall understand that _7_ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.nMaybe you have a habit _8 _ is driving your family crazy . Its not easy to change habits, but with awareness and self control, it is possible. Those are the very words _9 _ he used. nAlex plays football as well as, if not better _10_ Mike. I think _ 11_ he needs is more practice. Yes. _ 12 _ he needs more practice is clear.三、名从和状从连词综合训练短文填空三、名从和状从连词综合训练短文填空42若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！43