Unit 3Lesson 11Pets as Status SymbolsleopardgirafferavenporcupineorangutanlobsterPara. 1Londoners who happened to walk along the Thamesduringthemid-thirteenthcenturymighthaveseenalargewhitebearwalkingdowntotheriver.十三世纪中叶的伦敦人在沿着泰晤士河边漫步时可能看见过一头庞大的白熊。happentodosth:偶然/碰巧做某事Shehappenstoseetheaccidentwhensheisonthewayhome.Themanhappenedtoranoutofmoneywhenhisfriendaskedhimforit.Themanwouldsitontheriverbankwhilethebear,stillattachedtotheleash,wouldgointothewaterandfishforitsdinner.那个人会坐在河边，皮带那头的白熊会走到水里去觅食。attachto结，系，贴;认为.有重要性等；爱慕，爱恋Atagwasattachedtoeacharticle.每件物品上都系上了标签。Weattachgreatimportancetohisdecision.我们非常重视他的决定。Heisardentlyattachedtohiswife.他热切地爱着妻子。Para. 1ThebearbelongedtoKingHenryIII.那头白熊属于亨利三世国王。belongto:属于；Thisbookbelongstohim.Thelandbelongstoabigfamily.Para. 2ThepeopleofLondonmusthaveappreciatedhissenseofeconomysincetheypaidforthebearsexpenses.appreciate:欣赏；感激；理解；Anyonecanappreciateourmusic.PeterstoodbymewhenImostneededit.Illalwaysappreciatethat.payfor:支付；偿还；付款Pleaseremembertopayforyourdinner.Para. 2BoththeancientEgyptiansandChinesecollectedanimalsforpleasure.forpleasure:；为了消遣；为了乐趣；为了取乐；Icantunderstandhowpeoplecankillforpleasure.Hesmokeoutofhabit,notforpleasure.Para. 4SnakesweresopopularinRomeatonetimethattheybecameanuisanceinthecity.nuisance:讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；讨厌的东西Hecouldbeabitofanuisancewhenhewasdrunk.他喝醉时会是一个有点令人讨厌的人。Para. 4AstraderoutestoAfricaandAsiabegantoopenup,everyaristocratwantedtohaveexoticanimals.随着与非洲和亚洲间商业线路的开通，所有的贵族都期望拥有珍奇的动物。openup:开始；开放；开张Chinaisnowopeninguptotheworld.Thecollapseofthesystemopenedupnewpossibilities.改革开放政策reformandopeninguppolicyPara. 7APortugueseprincesswenttothetroubleofgettingzebrasbecauseshethoughttheywouldlookprettypullingtheroyalchildreninalittlecarriage.葡萄牙的一个公主千方百计弄来斑马，她认为斑马拉上一辆小马车，皇室子女坐在上面，看上去一定会很漂亮。gotothetroubleofdoingsth:不怕麻烦地做某事；不辞劳苦做某事Sheevenwenttothetroubleoftellingourteacheraboutsuchasmallmatter.Incasethatwemaybehungry,shewenttothetroubleofrushingtothesupermarketagain.Para. 8Tohergreatdisappointment,shegotnocooperationfromthezebras.令她大失所望的是，那些斑马并不配合。toones(great)disappointment令某人失望的是Tohisgreatdisappointment,shedidntcomeastheyhadagreed.拓展toonessurprise/(dis)satisfaction/sadness/happinessPara. 8Generallyspeaking,thefeelingofboththepublicandtheexpertsgoesagainstkeepingbearsinthebackyardorlionsinthelivingroom.一般来说，社会公众跟专家们都反对在后院里养熊或是在起居室里养狮子。goagainst:不利于；违反；反对Themayorwillresignifthevotegoesagainsthim.如果投票结果对市长不利，他将辞职。Hisbehaviorwentagainstthesocialrules.他的行为违反了社会准则。Para.9Lesson 12 Language PointsTen-year-oldDavidMandelistryingtotalkhisparentsintotakingafriendsdog.talksbintodoingsth:说服某人做某事，相当于persuadesbtodosth.他试图说服那个男的买他的书。Hetriestotalkthemanintobuyinghisbooks.史密斯先生想说服他老婆买辆车。Mr.Smithwantstotalkhiswifeintobuyacar.Tedsleavingforcampintwoweeks,andhestillhasntfoundanyonetotakecareofCharlie.leavefor:动身去.；前往.JaneisleavingforNewYorkforfurtherstudy.in+时间段，表示将来发生的事情。takecareof,相当于lookafter.Language PointsInanycase,thelandlordprobablywouldntletuskeephim.inanycase:无论如何，不管怎样，不管发生什么情况在任何情况下我们都将利益均分。Inanycase,wecouldhalvethebenefit.let:letsbdosth让某人做某事，相当于allowsbtodosthLanguage Points使役动词have,make,let,help.havesbdosthinstruct/order/asksbtodosth makesbdosthforce/causesbtodosthletsbdosthallowsbtodosthhelpsbdosth* *：help后既可以跟动词原形，也可以跟to不定式。Language PointsBesides,supposetheygettiredofhimafteraweek?besides:此外；而且。在文中做进一步的说明时可用，类似的词有whatsmore,furthermore.Ithinkshehasmanygoodqualitiesbesidesbeingverybeautiful.gettiredof:对感到厌烦；对感到厌倦，相当于getboredof.Language PointsIgivein,aslongasnoonemakesmedoanything.givein:投降；屈服；让步；上交你们现在必须把你们的试卷交上来。Youmustgiveinyourexaminationpapersnow.经过八年的战争，日本终于投降了。AfterEightYearsWarofResistance,Japangaveinatlength.aslongas:和.一样长；只要，表提出条件Language PointsLesson 13ButstudentBwouldratherbreakthetripintotwodays.wouldratherdoAthandoB:比起做B,更想做A；宁愿做A，也不想做B。Joewouldrathergotoswimmingthantakeawalk.Johnwouldratherdohouseworkthangoshoppingwithhiswife.Language PointsMaybeitmakesyounervousbecauseyourenotusedtoit.be/getusedto：习惯Thegirlisnotusedtomakingaspeechinpublic.get/beusedtodoingsth:习惯做某事usedtodosth:过去常常做某事beusedtodosth:被用来做某事beusedfordoingsth:被用来做某事Language Points1.There_alotofred-crownedcranesinthisarea.A.wasusedtoB.wasusedtobeC.usedtoD.usedtobe2.Sheusedto_withherparents,butnowsheisusedto_withherclassmatesatschool.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;live3.Heusedto_inasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedto_inthebigcity.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;livingD.living;liveTestD DA AA A4.Mrs.Green_gotohospital,butnowsheisingoodhealth.A.hastoB.needtoC.usedtoD.oughtto5.Thewood_makedesksandchairs.A.isusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedforD.getusedto6.Thisknifeisslicingfruit.A.isusedtoB.usedtoC.isusedforD.getusedtoTestC CA AC CYourpartnerhastroublespeakinginpublic.havetrouble(in)doingsth:做某事有困难，相当于havedifficulty(in)doingsth.TheboyhasgreattroublelearningEnglish.inpublic:公开地；当众。反义词，inprivate.Language PointsOurcoursewillhelpyougetoveryournervousnessanddevelopself-confidence.getover:克服；恢复；熬过；原谅我过了很长时间才从她去世的震惊中恢复过来。Ittookmeaverylongtimetogetovertheshockofherdeath.Language PointsWewontmakeyougiveupeverythingyouliketoeateither.giveup:放弃Hedecidedtogiveupsmokingwhenhiswifeispregnant.Lucygaveupherjobtotakecareofhernew-bornchild.in投降；让步；屈服up放弃giveoff散发出(气体、热量或气味)away分发；赠送；泄露Language PointsMostimportant,wellhelpyousticktoyourdietandlosethoseunwantedpounds.stickto:坚持；忠于；粘住或许他本该坚持写作。Perhapsheshouldhavestucktowriting.Language PointsGrammar Focus冠词冠词冠词冠词冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分为三类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an）和零冠词。冠词的冠词的冠词的冠词的位置位置位置位置当定冠词the与all,half,both,double等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词the位于这些词之后。e.g.:Look,allthebooksarehere.瞧，所有的书都在这。Theywalkedhalfthejourney.他们走了一半旅程。Boththeboysareclever.这两个男孩都很聪明。Grammar Focus冠词的冠词的冠词的冠词的位置位置位置位置当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，要放在这些词之后。e.g.:Thebedisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.这张床是那张床的三倍大。Theropeisonethirdthelengthofthatone.这根绳子是那根绳子的三分之一长。不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音音标开头的词前,an用在以元音音标开头的词前。例：ahouse,ausefulbook,aone-eyedcamel,aEuropeanvillage,auniformauniversity,ausualthing,anhour,anumbrella,anoffice,anexercise，anhonestboy,anEnglishbook,anapple,aneight-year-oldboy,anunhappyboy,an“f”(a,e,f,h,I,l,m,n,r,s,x,)Grammar Focus不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法泛指某人或某物,不具体说明其为何人或何物。在行文叙述时,第一次提到某个人或事物时,通常使用不定冠词,此为“泛指”。例如:Agirlisaskingforyouonthephone.Mymotherworksinahospital.用在单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物,即以一个个体代表整类人或事物,此为“类指”。例如:Aplaneisfasterthanatrain.Asnakeisacold-bloodedanimal.表示“一”,但数量概念没有one强烈。例如:Theywaitedthereforanhour.Romewasntbuiltinaday.* *：但如果特别强调数量,应使用one。例如:IhaveonlyonedictionaryandIneeditmyself.不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法用在表示时间、速度、价格等计量单位的名词前表示“每一”,相当于per或every。例如:Theplanecanget300kilometersanhour.Thedoctortoldhertotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Weworkfivedaysaweek.不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法用于抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时),使之意义具体化,表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtotheparty.(honor是抽象名词,anhonor指一件荣誉的事)不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法用于序数词(后加名词)前,表示又一个,又一次。例如:Hetriedasixthtimeandsucceeded.WhenIsatdown,afourthstudentrosetospeak.用于某一个人名、地名前,使专有名词普通化。例如:AMr.Lihasbeenwaitingforyou.ChongqingisknownasaShanghaiofthewest.(Shanghai是专有名词,本句中aShanghai指和上海一样繁华的城市)不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法用于某些固定词组中,是这些词组不可缺少的组成部分。例如:inamomentonceuponatimeasaresult(of)inahurryinawordonceinawhilehaveagoodtimehaveawordwithhave/takealook(at)have/takearestdosb.afavorputanendto不定冠词不定冠词a/ana/an的用法的用法特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如:thephotooftheboythepenonthedesk指双方都知道的人或物.例如:-Wherearethenewbooks,Jim?-Theyareonthesmalltable.上文提到过的人或物.例如：Haveyoueverbeentothecitybefore?定冠词定冠词the的用法的用法指世界上独一无二的事物.例如：thesunthemoontheearth用在序数词和形容词最高级前面.例如：thehottestnightthefirstday用在表示方向、方位的名词前.例如：therightthelefttheeastthewest用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前.例如：theHimalayas，theGreatWall,theUnitedstatesthePeoplesRepublicofChina定冠词定冠词the的用法的用法用在某些形容词前表示一类人.例如：thewoundedtheoldtherichthepoor用在西洋乐器的名词前.例如：thepianotheviolin用在逢十的年代前，例如：inthe1990s用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示某家人.例如：theBlackstheSmiths定冠词定冠词the的用法的用法用在身体的部位前。在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词，例如：catchsb.bythearmtakesb.bythearmhitsbinthefaceberedinthefacebelameintherightleg用在某些习惯用语中.例如： bythewayatthesametime定冠词定冠词the的用法的用法零冠词的用法零冠词的用法不可数名词(物质名词、抽象名词等)前通常不用冠词;可数名词复数表示泛指时其前也不用冠词。例如:Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.OnSundaysshopsarealwayscrowdedwithpeople.称呼语以及表示独一无二的职位的名词作表语、同位语、宾语补语(或主语补语)时,前面不用冠词。例如:Willyouhelpmetosolvethemathproblem,Mother?BushJr.waselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStates.名词前已有作定语的代词this,that,my,your,whose,which,some,any等修饰时,不用冠词。Theyhadnochildren.Whosebikeisthis?零冠词的用法零冠词的用法表示节日、月份、星期、学科、运动项目以及三餐饭的名称的名词前通常不用冠词。如:Christmas(Day)iscoming.WewillholdameetingonFriday.Mathisasinterestingasphysics.Letsgoandplayfootball,shallwe?Letsgoandwatchthemplaychess.Wewentoutforawalkaftersupper.* *：季节、月份、日期前如有限制性定语修饰,应用定冠词,如表示“某一个”或“一种”时,也可用不定冠词。如:Hegraduatedfromschoolinthesummerof1990.Wehadaterriblyhotsummerthisyear.零冠词的用法零冠词的用法用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名，路名等的名词前。NanjingRoad南京路，HainanIsland海南岛报纸的标题、书名、剧本提示等中常省略冠词。WorkersOnStrike某些交通工具名称前不用冠词。bybike/train/boat/air/plane两个平行、并列的名词前不用冠词,常见短语；dayandnight,facetoface,watchTV,atschool/work/home零冠词的用法零冠词的用法Fiveyearsagoherbrotherwas_universitystudentof_physics.A.a;theB.an;theC.an;/D.a;/Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.Youhavedropped_“m”here.A.anB.theC./D.aWhenheleft_college,hegotajobas_reporterinanewspaperoffice.A/；aB/；theCa；theDthe；theTestD DA AA AForalongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying_word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_silenceAthe：aBa；theCa；/Dthe；/Iearn10dollars_houras_supermarketcashieronSaturdaysA.a；anBthe；aCan；aDan；theTheres_dictionaryon_deskbyyoursideAa；theBa；aCthe；aDthe：theTestB BC CA A