阅读了解常了解常见题型型A. Main ideas B. Details C. Guess the meaning D. Inference & judgment 大小猜判 主旨大意题主旨大意题-Main Ideas 主旨大意类题型主要测试学主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面了解和概括的才干，生对文章全面了解和概括的才干，提问的内容能够是全文的大意，提问的内容能够是全文的大意，也能够是某段的段落大意。普通也能够是某段的段落大意。普通不易在文中直接找到答案。不易在文中直接找到答案。 如何考?1.What is the topic of the text? (NMET93)2.The text is mainly about _. (NMET95)3.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(NMET98) 4.What would be the best title for the text? (2019全国全国) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写才干). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache, said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager. Example and success of the program59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program._高考高考题重重现方法指点方法指点 1、确定主题句； 如：“for example “first “second等之前的句子中或者 “all in all “above all 等之后的句子后。 2、文章“着墨最多的点即文章的主旨意。ReturnHow to find the topic sentences?How to find the topic sentences?Features of the topic sentences：1).相相对对于其他句子，它表达的意思比于其他句子，它表达的意思比较较概括；概括； 2).主主题题句普通构造句普通构造简单简单； 3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解段落中其他句子必定是用来解释释、支撑或、支撑或开展相开展相 互互题题句所表达的思想的。句所表达的思想的。Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. 1主主题句在段首句在段首 一个主一个主题句句经常是一个段落的开常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子那，其后的句子那么是么是论证性性细节。Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. (2)主题句也会出如今段尾。作者先摆出现实根据, 层层推实际证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。 Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.(3)在短文中在短文中间间主主题题句也可以安排在段中句也可以安排在段中间间, 此此时时前面只提出前面只提出问题问题， 文中的主文中的主题题由其后由其后陈说陈说的的细节细节或符合或符合逻辑逻辑的引申在的引申在文中文中导导出出, 然后再作然后再作进进一步的解一步的解释释, 支持或开展支持或开展._I: English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. 本段主本段主题句句为首句首句, 其后的内容均其后的内容均阐明首句。明首句。 Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.稳定练习稳定练习 II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep. 有有时段落是先引段落是先引见背景和背景和细节，接着用一句，接着用一句综合或概括合或概括性的性的话概括前面所概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再的内容或事例，然后再围绕主主题展展开开对有关有关问题的深化的深化讨论。_猜猜测词义题 Guess the meaning Guess the meaning 在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思或短语的意思, ,词义的猜测贯穿在文章的词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读了解之中。历年高考中均有此类标阅读了解之中。历年高考中均有此类标题。题。如何考?1.The underlined phrase “ inheritable trait in paragraph 2 means _(2019天津2.By describing lions as “opportunists in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions _(2019安徽)3.The underlined word “this refers to_(2019浙江) 4. The underlined word “land in the last paragraph probably means _(04全国) .生活生活常常识上下文上下文对比比转机机因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同同义词反反义词构构词法法定定义猜猜Return方法指点方法指点高考高考题重重现 The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above riverIf the river flooded，they should be safe there58The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals (06江西卷江西卷)_1.上下文上下文The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year. 2.2.定定义义法法 定定义义或或释义释义关系常由定关系常由定语语从句或由从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等等词汇词汇或破折号来表示或破折号来表示 小小结牧人牧人 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2019NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，无条件的，绝对的的没有判没有判别力的力的3.3.根据构根据构词词法：合成、派生法：合成、派生 前前缀缀、后、后缀缀 、转转化等化等disinmisunnon否认前缀recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前缀反复共同,平等小过度超出-后副的使-能够远程-前常用前常用前缀嫁嫁妆 In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry. 4.生活常生活常识识 5.根据同根据同义词义词，反，反义词义词关系关系 If you agree, write “Yes; if you dissent, write “No.and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常常衔衔接同接同义词组义词组 。小小结disagree 6.根据同位根据同位语语言言语学学3. Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 7.根据因果关系根据因果关系小小结be lost in 常用关常用关联词联词(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such thattherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。8.根据根据对对比和比和转转机关系机关系 Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 表表转机关系的机关系的词常有如常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。等。小小结hot现实细节题- Details 即常即常见的的 “wh 问题。它。它们大多是根据大多是根据 文章中的文章中的详细信息信息如如现实、例、例证、缘由、由、过程、程、论述等述等进展提展提问的。有些的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些那么要在了解的根底上将有些那么要在了解的根底上将有关内容系有关内容系统化才干找到，比化才干找到，比如如计算、排序、是非判算、排序、是非判别、图形比形比较等。等。如何考?1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned ?2.What does the writer pay least attention to ?3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4.All of the following statements may be true except_.5.Which of the following is not the result of A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q： Where does Hoover Dam lie _? A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B在解答在解答这类问题时要求抓住要求抓住题干文字信息，采用干文字信息，采用针对性方法性方法进展展阅读。 高考题重现高考题重现_方法指点1).明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，寻觅答案来源。3).找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4).多读原文，正确运用排除法。推推测判判别题-Judgement-Judgement 纵观纵观全文，在掌握各全文，在掌握各项项信息的根底上信息的根底上进进展正确展正确的的逻辑逻辑推理，推断作者的意推理，推断作者的意图图；人物的；人物的动动机、目机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；的、性格特征；事件的前因后果； 言言语语中的中的语语气等。气等。如何考?1.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _. (NMET 96)2.Which of the following might have happened afterwards? (NMET 91)3.This text is most probably taken from a _ . (NMET 94)4.In the writers opinion, a good stage school should _. (NMET 99) 5.This text most probably appears in _ .(2019全国全国 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑蟑螂螂) and two spiders. “What do you need these things for? the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects_高考高考题重重现方法指点A.A.利用知信息，利用知信息，进进展展逻辑逻辑推理推理 B.B.结结合普通常合普通常识识，分析提供信息，分析提供信息 C.C.留意表留意表层层意思，悟出深意思，悟出深层层含含义义 在做判在做判别别推理推理题时题时，应选择应选择“全面全面而不而不笼统笼统、详细详细而不片面的答案，而就而不片面的答案，而就事事论论事以及含有事以及含有绝对单词绝对单词的的结论结论普通都是普通都是错误错误的的. . Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14. The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours 千瓦小千瓦小时时 of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率效率). During the DST period, the actual departure (发车发车) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.Q: According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in 134 days D. in 4 months解析：解析：应根据根本的日根据根本的日历常常识来来进展推算。展推算。5月剩月剩27天，天，6月月30天，天，7月月31天，天，8月月31天，天，9月月14天。即：天。即：27 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 14 = 133天天稳定练习稳定练习1. 1. 先先读问题读问题，弄清，弄清调查调查要点，以便能要点，以便能带带着着问题问题看文章，看文章，这样这样会心中有数，有的放矢。会心中有数，有的放矢。2. 2. 快速快速阅读阅读全文，掌握全貌，留意与全文，掌握全貌，留意与问题问题有关的有关的信息，假信息，假设时间紧设时间紧，先，先审视审视一下首段和尾段。一下首段和尾段。再把再把标题标题和文章内容和文章内容结结合起来想一想，合起来想一想，这样这样全文大意全文大意便清楚了。此便清楚了。此时时，不要忙于答，不要忙于答题题。3. 细读细读原文，捕捉相关信息原文，捕捉相关信息词词，掌握短文，掌握短文细节细节内容。内容。解解题时常用方法：常用方法：简要提示要提示Now, lets look backWhat will you do when you come across the questions on: Main pointsGuess the meaningDetailsInference and judgementDo some reading exercisesA Little Game脑筋急转弯1. Which travels faster, heat or cold? Heat. Because you can catch a cold.2. Where does Friday come before Thursday? In the dictionary. 3. Its yours, but others use it more than you do. What is it? Your name.