PT878超声波流量计技术培训2 /GE / 20 September 2024超声波的概念与书语及超声波流量计测量的原理PT878液体超声波流量计的组成PT878液体超声波流量计安装考虑因素PT878液体超声波流量计的故障判断PT878液体超声波流量计的操作3 /GE / 20 September 2024超声波的概念与书语频率:次声波 0 to 20 Hz声波 20 Hz to 20 kHz (Human hearing)超声波 20 kHz超声波的概念超声波的概念4 /GE / 20 September 2024传感器工作原理 传感器电能 机械能机械能 电能压电晶体的变化每个传感器能发射和接受发射接收5 /GE / 20 September 2024超声波流量计原理：时差法超声波流量计原理：时差法 传感器既发送信号又接收 信号V tup = 超声波被流体减速 tdn = 超声波被流体加速tuptdnttupdn tttupdn=-DtPc-Vsinup=tPc+Vsindn=VLP 声信号传播时间逆流传播, tup顺流传播, tdn6 /GE / 20 September 2024VLP声速 c = Ptavg, ttt2avg = dnup+Q = Velocity AreaQ = V A体积流量tt tttupdnupdn=-DtPc-VsintPc+Vsinupdn=流速 V C2L2 t超声波流量计原理：时差法超声波流量计原理：时差法7 /GE / 20 September 2024夹装式传感器 折射原理 Snells Lawc1= 传感器内传播速度c2= 管壁的传播速度c3= 流体内的传播速度S = 传感器的间距c1 1c2 2 3c3LSW.T.Classic “clamp-on” approach8 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878液体超声波流量计的组成1主机传感器信号线充电器红外线转RS232测厚探头偶合剂仪器包9 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878液体超声波流量计的组成2传感器夹具2.CRS和CPT传感器夹具3.CF-LP传感器夹具10 /GE / 20 September 2024所配传感器的特性及用途传感器代码型号C-RS402C-RS401C-PT116CF-LP 23OKSSpecial(91)形状频率1.0 MHz0.5 MHz1.0 MHz4.0 MHz2.0 MHz发射角度42423559.5传播时间17.320.327.55.85传播速度248424842674.63328使用温度-40 to 150 C-40 to 150 C-20 to 210C-40 to 230C-200 to 360 C11 /GE / 20 September 2024传感器选用原则1.温度要求.2.信号要求.导声较差的介质和大的管道选择低频探头.CF-LP探头.12 /GE / 20 September 2024管道要求1.直管段要求:前10后5.即在传感器安装位置前10倍直径长度和后5倍的直径长度无弯头,阀门等引起流体扰动的装置.2.准确测量管经外径周长或直径.3.确定管道材质和壁厚及接触温度.4.确定是否有内衬及种类和厚度.13 /GE / 20 September 2024介质要求1.已列出的介质直接选择3.确定声速的目的是在窗口中央将信号检出.END OF TRANSMITGOOD SNRWINDOW14 /GE / 20 September 2024安装方式1.根据管道大小和信号强度选择安装方式A.单声程:大管道和复杂应用B:双声程:首选方式,安装简单.C:多声程:小管道,信号特强.安装位置:水平管道 3点和9点位置 垂直管道必须是介质向上流15 /GE / 20 September 2024校准1.标定后输入校验系数2.雷诺数修正.Re= 雷诺数 #V =流体流速ID=内径=运动粘度(ft2/sec or m2/sec)16 /GE / 20 September 2024进行信号诊断介质充满管道后需检测的参数和信号流向是否正常信号强度SSup;SSdn 声速SNSP波型等根据诊断参数调整有关输入参数得到准确结果17 /GE / 20 September 2024进行信号诊断信号强度SSup;SSdn 50-55偏低可能不稳定55-60 低一点,可以接受60-65 好65-75 非常好75-99 信号饱和,分辨率可能降低声速SNSPm/s左右 18 /GE / 20 September 2024进行信号诊断错误代码E0: 无错误E1: 信号太低E2:声速错误E3: 流速超出范围E4: 信号质量太差E5:流速变化太大 19 /GE / 20 September 2024FeaturesLarge, Backlit LCDSimplified KeypadGraphical User Interface (GUI)Faster Update RateImproved Peak DetectionLarger, more powerful Data LoggerXML-format Site FilesFlash memory Simple UpgradesPT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterIrDA - compatible wireless data transferUp to 11 hours run time per charge20 /GE / 20 September 2024LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4 measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter21 /GE / 20 September 2024LCD Display240 x 200 resolutionRoom for 1 to 4 measurementsLarge signal waveform displaysWhite EL BacklightPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter22 /GE / 20 September 2024KeypadRubberized keysClick actionSimple universal layoutSoft Function KeysPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter23 /GE / 20 September 2024Graphical UserInterface (GUI)Keeps related information togetherAll choices visible at the same timePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter24 /GE / 20 September 2024GUI ControlsMenusRelated items grouped togetherUse to move through choicesUse to change menusPress Enter to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter25 /GE / 20 September 2024GUI ControlsTabsQuick access to related formsUse to select formPress Enter to open the formPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter26 /GE / 20 September 2024GUI ControlsButtonsSelects between mutually exclusive choicesUse to select buttonPress Enter to activatePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter27 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsListsChoose from all applicable settingsUse to move one itemUse to scroll the list28 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsNumeric EntryPress Enter to begin entering digitsPress to erase a digitPress Esc to cancel and restore original valuePress Enter to accept the new valueValues can be entered or displayed in either Metric or English units without having to change meter defaults29 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterGUI ControlsCheck BoxesUsed to turn an option:On Off Press Enter to toggle30 /GE / 20 September 2024GUI ControlsFunction KeysChange according to form or menu activePress F1, F2, or F3 to selectPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter31 /GE / 20 September 2024GUI ControlsLocale-SpecificChange date, time, and decimal formats for local custom:MM/DD/YYYYDD-MM-YYYYYYYY-MM-DD11:59 PM23:59123,45PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter32 /GE / 20 September 2024Data Logger1 Megabyte storage 100,000 recordsFrom 1 to 12 items per logMultiple logs can run simultaneouslyLog interval from 1 second to 99 minutesProgrammable Start and End Date/TimeCyclic LogsError logsPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter33 /GE / 20 September 2024Flash MemoryInstall new program in minutes over IRNo EPROMs to changePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter34 /GE / 20 September 2024IrDA - Compatible WirelessCommunicationsInfrared data transferUp to 115KbpsUp to 1 meter rangeDrag & Drop file transfersAutomaticNo settingsNo cable adapters requiredPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter35 /GE / 20 September 2024BatteryNiMH rechargeable9 to11 hour run time (longer than NiCd)6 hour rechargeNone of the memory problems associated with NiCdFewer charge cycles than NiCdNiCd performs better in cold NiCd or disposable AA alkaline cells can be used instead of NiMHPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter36 /GE / 20 September 2024BatteryContinuous battery level gaugeSimple icon indicates chargeUniversal charger 100-250VACPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter37 /GE / 20 September 2024BatteryRun time up to 11 hours, depending on features selected.Run time is reduced by:Prolonged use of the backlightLoop-powered 4-20mA transmittersHigh resistance loads on 4-20mA outputRun time is increased by:Using Sleep modePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter38 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterEnvironmentalMeets IP67 ratingWithstands submersion in waterDurable polymer bootPrevents damage if droppedIntegrated wire stand39 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterMeter SetupA.Select UnitsB.Select TransducerC.Select PipeD.Select LiningE.Select FluidF.Adjust PathG.Correction FactorsH.Save to a Site40 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect UnitsThe PT878 can default to either Metric or English units.From the Meter menu, select Units.Press OK to use the new settings.41 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect TransducerSelect Wetted or Clamp-onChoose Transducer from ListList only shows applicable transducersAll parameters filled in automaticallyChoose SPECIAL to enter customer parametersAllows each parameter to be specified42 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect PipeSelect Pipe Material from ListPipe Sound Speed automatically filled inSelect OTHER for unlisted materialEnter Sound SpeedEnter DimensionsOuter Diameter (OD) or Circumference (ODxPI)Wall thickness43 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect PipeIf pipe material has a schedule, ID can be used to automatically enter dimensions.Uses ANSI (English) or DIN (metric) schedule.Schedule Materials:Stainless SteelCarbon SteelCast IronPVCCPVC44 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect LiningChoose lining material from list, or Other to specifyLining option is not available when using Wetted transducers45 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidEnable/Disable Tracking WindowsUse for fluids with unknown or highly variable sound speedSpecify minimum and maximum soundspeedChoose fluid from list or Other for unlisted fluidIf fluid not listed, specify the nominal soundspeed only46 /GE / 20 September 2024PT878 Ultrasonic FlowmeterSelect FluidFor Energy applications with water as fluid, specify the % Glycol concentration47 /GE / 20 September 2024Adjust PathFor clamp-on, Path length P and Axial length L are automatically calculated.Select the number of traverses.Spacing is automatically recalculated.Spacing can be changed by entering a new value.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter48 /GE / 20 September 2024Finish UpYour changes will not take effect until you:Press OK to keep all changesPress CANCEL to discard all changesPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter49 /GE / 20 September 2024Correction FactorsReynolds CorrectionUse a single value for Kinetic Viscosity (K/V).Table option is not availablePT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter50 /GE / 20 September 2024Correction FactorsK-Factor CorrectionUse a single value for K-Factor multiplierUse a Table to relate K-Factor to another measure.Only Velocity can be used to interpolate the K-Factor.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter51 /GE / 20 September 2024Save to a Site FileTo keep the new settings, you must save them to a Site File:Choose Save Now to replace the settings in the current site.Choose Manager to create a new site.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter52 /GE / 20 September 2024Site ManagerUse the Site Manager to:Save settings to a new site.Use and existing site.Delete sites.Rename sites.Print or Transfer sites.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter53 /GE / 20 September 2024Site ManagerOpen the Site Manager menu by pressing Menu, Enter.Choose Save As to name the site and store it.PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter54 /GE / 20 September 2024Site ManagerEnter a file name of up to 8 characters:Use arrows to move around the grid.Press Enter to select the character.Use Delete to erase a character.Press OK when done.Hint: A descriptive Site Message can be entered from the Site MenuPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter55 /GE / 20 September 2024Site FilesUp to 32 sites stored in PT878Can be transferred to/from PC for unlimited capacitySoftware versions need to match to ensure compatibilityXML* FormatFiles print as shown hereSome outputs are codedSet-ups are best viewed through a meterSite Files should not be edited with a PC or laptop*eXtensible Markup Language PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter56 /GE / 20 September 2024DiagnosticsDisplay all Diagnostics SimultaneouslySelect “Diagnostics” in the Service MenuPress EnterPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter57 /GE / 20 September 2024DiagnosticsAll Diagnostics viewed simultaneouslyEasy and efficient analysisPT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter58 /GE / 20 September 2024NoteThe above presentation reflects PT878 Instrument Program INST.001.J and ECO 4958New functionality and capabilitiesMinor changes in menusAll meters with serial # 1294 and above will include these modificationsMeters with serial # 1293 and lower can be upgraded (consult the factory)PT878 Ultrasonic Flowmeter