第一讲第一讲名名 词词Noun2021/8/2612021/8/262普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词（人名、地名）（人名、地名） 可数名词可数名词 不可数名词不可数名词名词名词2021/8/263考点一 名词的分类2021/8/264名词单数的表达名词单数的表达 一般可用一般可用a，an，one来修饰来修饰注注：a用于用于辅音辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前, ,an用用于于元音音素元音音素开头的单词前开头的单词前 *a book * an English book * an hour 2021/8/265flowerflowers找规律找规律,总结规则总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf - leavesboxes2021/8/266名词的复数形式名词的复数形式 1.1.规则变化规则变化 (1) (1) 一般在复数名词后加一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books (2) (2) 以以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加结尾的名词加“es”/iz/“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches 2021/8/267(3)(3)以以辅音字母辅音字母加加y y结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变y为为i加加“es” /iz/” /iz/ * country countries * factory factories 请区别：如果是元音字母加请区别：如果是元音字母加y y 结尾的名词结尾的名词则只须加则只须加“s”“s” * boy boys holidayholiday- -holidayholidays s * monkey monkeys 2021/8/268(4) (4) 以以f、fe 结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,变变f、fe 为为v再加再加“es” /vz/” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves * knife knives * leaf leaves 2021/8/269找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes英雄英雄想想吃吃马铃马铃薯薯和和西红柿西红柿pianos2021/8/2610 (5) (5) 以以o o结尾的名词结尾的名词, ,一般情况加一般情况加s,s,读读作作/z/./z/.potato，tomato，hero除外除外*pianopianos*zoozoospotatopotatoestomatotomatoes2021/8/2611child-childrenwoman-womensheepman-men2021/8/26122.2.不规则变化不规则变化 (1) (1)单复数同形单复数同形Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep (2)(2)变元音字母变元音字母oo为为ee tooth teeth foot feet 2021/8/2613 (3). (3).变变man为为 men man men woman women policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别：请区别：German(德国人德国人) Germans (“中日中日”不变不变“英法英法”变，其余变，其余s加后面加后面)2021/8/2614(4).(4).常以复数形式出现的名词常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoes trousers glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数复数 * My clothes are newer than yours.2021/8/26153.3.可数名词可以被可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及以及 how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, , a lot of ， some等修饰等修饰 *There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?2021/8/26161.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyaretalkingabout_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Therearethreeinmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Some_cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesCAA2021/8/26174.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knivesD.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC2021/8/2618不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如如: water: water，ricerice，fishfish，meat meat 等。等。 work chalk time space music money weather homework wood information news medicine2021/8/2619 1.1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数单数 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news. 2021/8/26202.2.不可数名词不能直接被不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用等修饰，常用howmuch, ,much, ,alittle, ,little, ,alotlotofof, ,lotsoflotsof, ,some, ,any等修饰等修饰*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome.*arice(X)twobread(X)2021/8/2621 3.3.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位单位+of+of+名词名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasses of orange2021/8/2622 4.4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯玻璃杯) work(工作工作) a work(著作著作) time(时间时间) times(次数次数)2021/8/26231.Pleasegiveme_paper.A.oneB.apiecesC.apiece D.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Idliketwo_.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith_moneyand_people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,fewDDCA2021/8/2624名词所有格名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系表示名词间的所有关系“ “ 的的”一一. .名词所有格的构成方法名词所有格的构成方法 1.1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s”“s”KangkangKangkangssfatherLucyfatherLucyssbookbook 2. 2.以以s s结尾的复数名词结尾的复数名词, ,则在则在s s后加后加“ “ ”即可即可TeachersTeachersofficeTheGreensofficeTheGreenshousehouse2021/8/26253.3.不以不以s s结尾的复数名词的所有格结尾的复数名词的所有格, ,仍按仍按惯例加惯例加“ss” *Children*ChildrenssDay*menDay*menssshoesshoes 4.4.无生命名词的所有关系用无生命名词的所有关系用ofof加名词，加名词，构成所属关系的短语构成所属关系的短语 *thecolor*thecolorofofthethewallwall*apicture*apictureofofthetheclassroomclassroom2021/8/26262021/8/26271.June1stis_Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.ChildrensC.ChildrensD.Child2.Thetwobedroomarethe_.A.twinsB.twinsC.twinsD.twinsCC2021/8/2628重难点突破重难点突破小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try. A. women B. man C.woman D. menD2021/8/2629名词的用法名词的用法 1. 1.修饰另一名词时修饰另一名词时, ,一般用单数一般用单数*Therearethree*Therearethreebananabananatreesoverthere.treesoverthere.2.2.manwomanmanwoman用做定语时用做定语时, ,应与后面的名词保持数的一致应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneed*Weneedamanteacheramanteacher. .*Theyareall*Theyareallwomenworkerswomenworkers. .3.sports,clothes做定语时做定语时, ,仍用复数形式仍用复数形式*a*asports starstar*a*aclothesshopshop2021/8/26302.Thispairofshorts_tooexpensive.Icantafford_.A.are,themB.are,itC.is,themD.is,it重难点突破重难点突破C2021/8/2631当出现当出现当出现当出现“单位单位单位单位+of+of+of+of+名词名词名词名词”时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据时，谓语动词应根据“单位单位单位单位”的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。的单复数决定。Thispairofshoesisnice.比较：比较：Theshoesarenice.Herearetwopiecesofnews.比较：比较：Thenewsiswonderful.2021/8/26323.Themodelplanewasmadebya_boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold重难点突破重难点突破C2021/8/26335.WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothe_.A.teacherB.teachersC.teachersD.teachers重难点突破重难点突破D2021/8/2634名词所有格的几个注意点名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点可用名词所有格表示地点, , 地点名词习地点名词习惯上省略惯上省略*my*myauntsaunts (home(home） ( (我姑姑家）我姑姑家）* * gotothegototheteachersteachers(office(office） ( (去老师办公室）去老师办公室）2021/8/26356.Lucyis_sister.A.MaryandJackB.MarysandJacksC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJacks重难点突破重难点突破D2021/8/26368.Its_fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminuteswalkB.tenminuteswalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalk重难点突破重难点突破A2021/8/2637名词所有格（s）也可以用于无生命的东西，主要用于时间，度量衡等名词之后twotwomonthsvacationamilesdistance此表达可以和合成形容词互换此表达可以和合成形容词互换twomonthsvacation=two-monthvacation2021/8/26381.Couldyoupleasegetmesome_?Imhungry.（2011年重庆中考第24题）A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg2.Somethingiswrongwithmy_.Icantseeanythingaroundme.（2010年重庆中考第22题）A.noseB.earsC.eyesD.mouth3.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany_init.（2009年重庆中考第23题）A.flowersB.grassC.villagesD.water直击中考直击中考CCA2021/8/26394.-Howfarisyourcousinshomefromhere?-Itsabouttwo_drive.（2009年重庆中考第34题）A.hoursB.hoursC.hoursD.hour5.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite_（2008年重庆中考第25题）A.workerB.teacherC.dancerD.player直击中考直击中考CD2021/8/26406.Allthe_teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.（2007年重庆中考第24题）AmanB.menC.womanD.women直击中考直击中考D2021/8/26412021/8/26422021/8/2643考 点四 名词的句法功能 2021/8/26442021/8/26452021/8/26462021/8/26472021/8/26482021/8/2649Sum upWhat have you learnt this lesson?2021/8/2650Thank you!2021/8/2651刚才的发言，如刚才的发言，如有不当之处请多指有不当之处请多指正。谢谢大家！正。谢谢大家！2021/8/2652部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！