替换法句中有动词句中有动词What sb do is that/to do We need to improve our englishWhat we need to do right now is to improve our english/that we should improve our english.句中有形容词句中有形容词What makes sb/sth adj is The activity is very dangerousWhat makes the situation greatly dangerous is the activity.两个简单句（并列，伴随关系）v1+v2 = V1, V2ingHe sits here and does nothingHe sits here, doing nothing.因果关系改成非谓语或which 引导的非限定从Making/leading to/resulting in/causing.Which made,插入语（副词，同位，定从）They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. 主， who 定从/as+， 谓 +宾Xiao Ming, who is 7 years old, had learned enlgish for one year.We, as senior three students, should make the most of time to study.非谓语，(状语)+简单句独立主格，+简单句主从复合句;定从， 状从， 名词性从句特殊句式：强调句， 倒装句， 省略句，虚拟语气祈使句+and/or sb will do插入语插入语非谓语Doing 动名词、to do 不定式做主语，Seeing is believingTo see is to believe.作状语时的区别：作状语时的区别：-ing .-ed表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.they worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to see him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do表示表示1.目的目的; 2.结果结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。强调。 3.原因原因表示造成情感变化的原因。表示造成情感变化的原因。目的目的结果结果原因原因不知道他的地址不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。，我只好在家里等着。1) Not knowing his address, I had to stay at home and wait.2) I had to stay at home, waiting.3) I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.英语书面表达英语书面表达必背必背 . 听到这个激动人心的消息，所有学生听到这个激动人心的消息，所有学生都高兴的跳起来。都高兴的跳起来。1) Hearing the exciting news, all the pupils jumped with joy.2) On hearing the exciting news, all the pupils jumped with joy.英语书面表达英语书面表达必背必背 .再给我一个机会，我会做得更好。再给我一个机会，我会做得更好。 Given another chance, I will do it better. .和你哥哥相比，你应该多花点时间学和你哥哥相比，你应该多花点时间学理科。理科。 Compared with your brother, you should spend more time on science.英语书面表达英语书面表达必背必背 . 这些歌这些歌是是Jay Chow 唱的，唱的，很受十几岁的很受十几岁的孩子们欢迎。孩子们欢迎。The songs, sung by Jay Chow, are popular with teenagers.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千多个这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千多个学生出席了。（后置定语）学生出席了。（后置定语）The meeting, attended by over two thousand students, was a great success.英语书面表达英语书面表达必背必背 独立主格It being Sunday, children went out to play.Time permitting, we will go shopping.Birds singing on the way, I went to school happily.强调句It is not A but B that really matters/countsIt is B rather than A /instead of A that It was +时间状语(prep+时间名)thatIt was not until that 倒装句全倒介短、副、表语放句首In the remote village live my grandparentsThen the students left.Away the boy went.Present at the meeting are many professors.Seated /standing in the classroom are some students.部倒only副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句(部分倒部分倒装装)示例示例：Only by practicing a few hours every day can you be able to master the language.只有每天练习几个小时，只有每天练习几个小时， 你才能很好地掌握你才能很好地掌握这门语言。这门语言。not only.but(also).，当，当not only连接句子连接句子位于句首时，其后的句子部分倒装。位于句首时，其后的句子部分倒装。示例示例：Not only was the city polluted but(also)the streets were crowded.这个城市不仅仅遭受了污染，并且街道很拥这个城市不仅仅遭受了污染，并且街道很拥挤。挤。Never/Little/Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Nowhere、at no time/In no way/In no case/By no meansbe/助动词助动词/情态动词主语谓语情态动词主语谓语示例示例：I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never in all my life had I felt so happy.我最终得到了我梦寐以求的工作。我生命中从我最终得到了我梦寐以求的工作。我生命中从来没有觉得如此开心过。来没有觉得如此开心过。No sooner.(had done)than.did.Hardly (Scarcely) .(had done) when(before).did“一一就就”示例示例：Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.他一进到房间，电话就响了。他一进到房间，电话就响了。Soadj.be动词动词/助动词助动词/情态动词主语情态动词主语示例示例：So difficult did I feel it to live in an Englishspeaking country that I determined to learn English.So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.So absorbed /buried in the book that形式倒装What(a/anadj.)名词名词/Howadj./adv.主语谓语主语谓语 感叹句感叹句示例示例：Oh，John.What a pleasant surprise you gave us!John，你给我们好大一个惊喜啊！，你给我们好大一个惊喜啊！How regretful I was +介介+名、名、to do、that从句从句让步状语从句However/no matter how +adj/adv +主+谓However hard I tried, I couldnt solve the problem.Hard as /though I tried,Child as he is,状从的省略Once wasted/lost , time will never be regained.Unless invited to the party, I wont go.虚拟语气If /if only.Wish 坚持，命令，建议，要求含蓄的Without your timely help, I woulnt had made such great progress.But for you immediate help,