Translation SkillsTranslation of Long, Complex SentencesTranslation一、英语句型1. 简单句2. 复合句3. 并列句1. 简单句 （one subject-predicate construction） He got up at 6 this morning. This morning, he got up at 6, washed his face, had a simple breakfast, and then went to school.2. 2. 复合句复合句 （main clause + subordinate clausemain clause + subordinate clause） 主语从句主语从句 名词性从句名词性从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 形容词性从句形容词性从句 定语从句定语从句 主句主句 + + 从属分句从属分句 时间时间 地点地点 原因原因 结果结果 副词性从句副词性从句 状语从句状语从句 条件条件 方式方式 目的目的 让步让步 比较比较3. 并列句 （ + + ） This morning, he got up at 6, washed his face, had a simple breakfast, and then he went to school. 并列连词： and, but, so, or, for not onlybut also; on one handon the other hand; for one thingfor another; neithernor; eitheror; 4. 复杂句 并列句 （复合句） 复合句 （并列句） As reports came to London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted 35 miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but as evidence began to accumulate, experts felt obliged to investigate for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.二、长难句的翻译二、长难句的翻译1. 句法解构句法解构grammatical structureChinese nativerangetranslationlogical relationshipsbetween subordinated clausesanalysisanalysisProcess of the Translation a long sentence剔除枝叶，析出主干剔除枝叶，析出主干 The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys, completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes.烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影影片中的男女主影片中的男女主角都是老烟鬼角都是老烟鬼把像我父亲那样的人完完全全把像我父亲那样的人完完全全争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟上了瘾。 SPOThe nearest person he could contact by radio, he couldnt help thinking if something should happen, would be on an island 225 miles away.2. 翻译方法1）顺译 Studies show that doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide.研研究究结结果果表表明明，大大多多数数医医生生深深信信身身患患重重病病的的人人不不想想知知道道他他们们的的真真实实病病情情。如如果果告告知知实实情情，则则有有可可能能使使他他们们完完全全失失去去希希望望; 从从而而使使他他们们恢恢复复得得更更慢慢，或或恶恶化化得更快，甚至自寻短见。得更快，甚至自寻短见。Object ClauseObject ClauseObject ClauseAdverbial Clause In these poor countries, as in American inner cities and on reservations, money that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco companies; over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing themselves.SP就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居留地上发就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居留地上发生的事一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应生的事一样，在这些贫困的国家里，那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气，这样不但大大削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染样不但大大削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾上了烟瘾, 最终使他们丧命。最终使他们丧命。2. 换序 状语提前 I realize now that as a child I sat by, through the years, and literally watched my father kill himself : surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous leaders who own the tobacco companies, is enough. 现在，我意识到了，当我还是一个孩子的时候，许现在，我意识到了，当我还是一个孩子的时候，许多年中，我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自多年中，我实际上是一直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。对于那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，杀。对于那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。能在我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。PSPSP 总分（先笼统后明确） 分总（先明确后笼统） And yet this is only a part, and probably a relatively minor part, of the more seriousand vastly greater problem of the maintenanceof the genetic health of the human species.保护人类基因健康是个更加需要认真对待的、不保护人类基因健康是个更加需要认真对待的、不知要重大多少的问题，但以上所述不过是问题的知要重大多少的问题，但以上所述不过是问题的一个方面，而且相对说来还是很次要的一个方面。一个方面，而且相对说来还是很次要的一个方面。PracticeThe first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. 那些最早研究电的性质的人们可能并没有料到,他们那些只是出于求知的欲望而进行的实验,最终竟产生了现代电业科技,而没有这种科技我们当今的生活简直是不可想象的。（-）He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in in the south他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上乔治亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。（-）（按照时间的先后顺序安排）I feel that every book opens before me a window through which I see an unthinkably new world when the book tells me about never-heard of and never-seen characters, sentiment, ideas and attitudes. 我觉得，当书本给我讲到闻所未闻，见所未见的人物、感情、思想和态度时，似乎是每一本书都在我面前打开了一扇窗户，让我看到了一个不可思议的新世界。 （-）Quiz in Class1. There is also an informal network of connections that enables a general to call a scientist to get his son to be admitted to an institute, a scientist to wrangle a return draft deferment, or a movie scriptwriter who has produced a good Soviet spy film to call the security services to get permission for his wife and daughter to travel to the West.2. As he climbed on the chair at night to wind the old, long-pendulumed, double-weighted clock, or went finally to the front and the back door to see that they were safely shut in, it was a comfort to know that Phoebe was there, probably ensconced on her side of the bed, and that if he stirred restlessly in the night, she would be there to ask what he wanted.3. In most of the tenements, the windows were up. Clean-shaven men in colorless shirts or in underwear, women with aprons or sloppy pink wrappers leaned on the sills and gazed with aimless interest at the street, the sky, those who were passing below. Thus, they would spend most of every Sunday morning through the coming summer and now, in the first flush of mild weather, they had already taken up their posts.4. If you push a sharp stick through a rubber ball and twirl it with two fingers, the ball spins around in much the same way the earth is spinning at this very moment.