Lecture 7 Translation method IIComments on assignment 5 Domestication Translation skillslecture7大学英语专业英译汉Lecture 7 Translation method IIComments on assignment 5 Domestication Translation skillslecture7大学英语专业英译汉Stylistic analysis: colloquial In the fall of 1964 the guy who owned the shop next door, a travel agency, suggested that it was time for Danny to broaden his horizons. He could work out a trip to Europe for him, booking all the first-class hotels at cut rates since it was off-season, and would not even charge any of the usual commissions. After all, they were neighbors.lecture7大学英语专业英译汉In the fall of 1964：1964年秋天， 如果翻译成“在1964年的秋天”，加了两个字就显得比较正式，与原文的fall有所不符。 the guy who owned the shop next door, a travel agency, suggested that it was time for Danny to broaden his horizons. 隔壁一间旅行社的老板建议丹尼去外面开开眼界。如果理解有困难，可借助语法分析，发现the guy suggested that是这句的主要结构。定语从句及其中的一个同位语修饰the guy。 lecture7大学英语专业英译汉lecture7大学英语专业英译汉Broaden his horizons可以翻译成“拓宽视野”，但考虑到其非正式文体，最好使用汉语中通俗的说法“见见世面”、“开开眼界”等说法。booking all the first-class hotels at cut rates since it was off-season, “此时既为旅游淡季，他就能以折扣价为丹尼的整个行程预定最高级的旅店客房”。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 all the first-class hotels不能严格直译，否则逻辑有问题。他不可能将欧洲所有旅店都住一遍，因此加上“整个行程”或“这趟旅行”等说法，使汉语的逻辑通畅。同样，由于他只是一个人，因此first-class hotels这个复数形式应该译成“一流的旅店客房”，如果按照原文直译，汉语读者便有可能误认为将整个旅店都定了下来。 lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 and would not even charge any of the usual commissions. 而且居然破例不收佣金。评论：体会一下，参考译文中这个字眼是否比较简洁而达意？ 而找到这个字眼又并非易事，需要从阅历的积累中萃取。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉After all, they were neighbors.他们毕竟是隔壁邻居嘛。注意最后一个语气词的用法。显然要表现出After all的文体风格，需要使用一个语气词，许多同学这一点做得很好。 lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 1964年秋天，隔壁一间旅行年秋天，隔壁一间旅行社的老板建议丹尼去外面开开眼社的老板建议丹尼去外面开开眼界。他愿意为丹尼安排一次欧洲界。他愿意为丹尼安排一次欧洲旅行。此时既为旅游淡季，他就旅行。此时既为旅游淡季，他就能以折扣价为丹尼的整个行程预能以折扣价为丹尼的整个行程预定最高级的旅店客房，而且居然定最高级的旅店客房，而且居然破例不收佣金。他们毕竟是隔壁破例不收佣金。他们毕竟是隔壁邻居嘛。邻居嘛。 lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 It was not much that Ruth wanted to say - merely that Norman had been going to take her to a lecture that night, but that he had a headache, and she was so disappointed, and she had the tickets, and that if he had no other engagement, would he be good enough to take her? Jack London Martin Edenlecture7大学英语专业英译汉 这一段主要应体会到说的是Ruth 和两个人的一件事。如果理解有困难，可将原文改写成直接引语，帮助理解：Ruth said: “Norman was to take me to a lecture tonight, but he has a headache. I am disappointed and I have the tickets. If you have nothing to do, would you please take me there?” lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 罗丝并没有多少话要说罗丝并没有多少话要说不过是说那天晚上诺曼本来要带不过是说那天晚上诺曼本来要带她去听一个讲演，可他忽然头疼她去听一个讲演，可他忽然头疼起来，去不成了，她很失望。她起来，去不成了，她很失望。她手里还拿着门票，要是他没有别手里还拿着门票，要是他没有别的约会，肯不肯陪她去？的约会，肯不肯陪她去？ lecture7大学英语专业英译汉Lecture 7 Translation method IIComments on assignment 5 Domestication Translation skillslecture7大学英语专业英译汉Domestication A term used by Venuti (1995) to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers. Venuti traces the roots of the term back to Schleiermachers famous notion of the translation which “leaves the reader in peace, as much as possible and move the author towards him.” lecture7大学英语专业英译汉Part two: The significance of domesticationTo be accepted easily Clichs Over-used domestication lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and a successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. (William S. Maugham: Mayhew) 我从未见到过比美赫尤更有意思的人了。他是底特律的一名律师，为人能干，事业上也很成功。35岁时就门庭若市，收入可观，累累胜诉，声名昭著，前程似锦。(叶子南译)lecture7大学英语专业英译汉 李茂叫春桃到屋里，劝她归给向高。他说男人底心，她不知道，谁也不愿意当王八;占人妻子，也不是好名誉。他从腰间拿出一张已经变成暗揭色的红纸帖，交给春桃，说:“这是咱们底龙凤帖。那晚上逃出来的时候，我从神龛上取下来，揣在怀里。现在你可以拿 ，就算咱们不是两口子。”(许地山:春桃) Li Mao called Chuntao into the house. He urged her to become Xianggaos wife officially, he said she didnt understand a man s psychology. No one wanted to be a cuckold; nor did anyone want to become known as a wife-stealer. Taking out a red card which was already turning brown, he handed it to Chuntao. This is our marriage certificate. That night we fled, I took it from the shrine and put it in my shirt. I m giving it back to you, so now we can be considered no longer married. (Tr. by Sidney Shapiro)lecture7大学英语专业英译汉clicha word or expression which has lost its originality or effectiveness because it has been used too often: the writing on the wall pearls of wisdom too much of a good thing fit as a fiddle moment of truthlecture7大学英语专业英译汉 “Oh, thats all!” said Tess. “You couldnt expect her to throw her arms round ee, an to kiss and collee all at once. (T. Hardy: Tess of the Urbervilles, Ch.6)“哦，就是这么几句吗?”“怎么，她哪能一下就把你抱上锅，撮上炕的哪?” (张谷若译德伯家的苔丝) 你总不能指望她一下子就抱着你又亲又啃吧?Over-used domesticationlecture7大学英语专业英译汉Lecture 7 Translation method IIComments on assignment 5 Domestication Translation skillslecture7大学英语专业英译汉extension abstractionconcretionemotional coloringlecture7大学英语专业英译汉1）abstraction英语中，常常用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属性、一个事物或一种概念。翻译这类词时，一般可将其词义作抽象化的引申。u 将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。1. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴，又狡猾。2. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 每个人的生活既有玫瑰也有刺，苦乐参半。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉u将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的概念的词。3. See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉2) concretionu英语中有些词在特定的上下文中，其含义是清楚的，但译成汉语时还必须作具体化的引申，否则就不够清楚。4 If one system fails, the second automatically supplies control forces, and there is no flight deviation.假如一个系统发生故障，第二个系统就自动提供操纵力，而不产生飞行偏差。5 The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。 lecture7大学英语专业英译汉Emotional coloring commendatoryderogatory sense1)原文中已经有褒贬意义的词语，应表达出来。 1 He was a man of high renown. 他是个有名望的人。 2 His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death. 他的流氓恶名是他死后才传开来的。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉2)有些词语孤立来看是中性的，但翻译时可根据作者的态度恰如其分地传达其褒贬意义。3 The two politicians talked for no more than five minutes, at a significant moment in their careers.两位政治家交谈了仅仅五分钟。这次谈话是在他们毕生事业的重大时刻进行的。（原文中性，译文褒义。）lecture7大学英语专业英译汉4 Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。（原文中性，译文贬义。）5 As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees. 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他 忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。（忠心不二，拼 死卖命）lecture7大学英语专业英译汉exercises1.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他工作干得很出色。 希特勒夺取政权之后就推行侵略政策。2. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 汉斯说，这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识的人。这种 阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。 布朗先生接到做演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉翻译花絮lecture7大学英语专业英译汉曾任毛泽东翻译的章含之女士，近日受解放日报报业集团邀请，在“文化讲坛”讲述了中国传统文化传承的重要性。她介绍说，尼克松访华时，我们一个很大的胜利是都用了我们的翻译。我们认为美国人不可能懂中文，所以坚持用中方翻译。一天，尼克松在谈判中说的一句话包括paralleled这个词，我们就翻译成：“我认为我们两国之间的利益是平行的。”这样翻一点错都没有。可尼克松的翻译弗里曼突然说：“总理阁下，我能不能作一点评论？”周总理很奇怪，说：“你有什么评论？”弗里曼说：“我认为贵方的翻译刚才翻得不够确切。”周总理也懂英文：“怎么不确切？”lecture7大学英语专业英译汉弗里曼说：“贵国翻译把我们总统的话翻译成我们两国的利益是平行的，平行这个词在中文里的意思是永远不相遇的，就像双杠永远不会碰到一起。但我们总统的意思是，虽然是不同的目标，不同的方向，但最终是有共同点的，所以用平行这个词不合适。”周总理很有兴趣：“那按你说应该怎么翻？”他说：“如果我来翻，我会说，我们总统的意思是我们两国是从不同的地方出发，最后汇集到一起，我们两国的利益是殊途同归的。”（节选自北京青年报2007.6.6章含之文）评论：可见，翻译中需要根据原文内容来确定译文词义，而不能仅仅靠字典提供的解释。这需要用到我们刚才讨论过的词义引申，也需要根据原文的逻辑内容，并应用我们一再提到的译感来确定。lecture7大学英语专业英译汉1972年毛泽东接见尼克松后面的女翻译是章含之章含之生前接受采访lecture7大学英语专业英译汉