Part1 M4.Unit10Unit10MoneyModule41、determine vt. & vi. 决定， 决心(做某事) determine sth. determine the cause of the accident 确定事故原因 determine to doHe determined to travel no further that night. 那天晚上他决定不再往前走了。 determine thatclausedetermine whclause We set out to determine exactly what happened that night. 我们着手查明那天晚上发生的事情。 be determined to do sth. make up ones mind to do sth.决心做某事determination n. 决心；果断；坚定 完成句子。1. 她不顾一切后果，决心做这份工作。 She is determined to do the job regardless of all consequences. 2. 他已下定决心，什么也阻挡不了他去农村工作。 He has determined that nothing shall prevent him from going to work in the countryside. 3. 他勇敢顽强地与疾病作斗争。 He fought the illness with courage and determination. 2、concern vt. 关系到， 担忧， 关心； n. 关心， 关心的事 The safety of food concerns millions of families. 食品安全关系到千家万户。 be/feel concerned about 关心；忧虑 so/as far asbe concerned 就而言/而论 汉译英。1. 房价是人们目前关心的事情之一。 The house price is one of peoples concerns at present. 2. 你不应该不打招呼就离开， 我很担心你。 You should not have left without a word; I am concerned about you. 3. 让我担心的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。 What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change. 4. 就我而言， 他可以喜欢什么就做什么。 As far as Im concerned, he can do whatever he likes. 5. 一般说来， 父母主要关心的是孩子的未来。 Generally speaking, the main concern of parents is their childrens future. 3、sure adj. (用作表语)确信； adv. 的确；肯定地 make sure 查明， 弄确实， 使确定 be sure to do 一定要， 务必去做 be sure of/about sth. 确信， 有把握 for sure 肯定， 有把握 be sure of oneself 对自己有信心， 很自信 to be sure 无可否认， 当然， 肯定 Im sure/certain that hell win. ()Its certain that hell win. ()Its sure that hell win. ()完成句子。1.今晚一定要来见见我的家人， 好吗？ Be sure to come and meet my family tonight, will you？2. 我想5：15有一班火车， 但是你最好去确认一下。 I think theres a train at 5：15, but youd better make sure. 3. 火车开车时间你搞清楚了吗？ Have you made sure of the time of the train?4. 我想这答案是对的， 但我不太确定。I think the answers right, but Im not sure about it. 5. 我确实不知道他已去世了。I dont know for sure that he was dead. 6. 我总是对自己没有信心。I always cant be sure ofmyself. 7. 他聪明是聪明， 但是不怎么勤奋。He is clever, to be sure，but not very hardworking. 4、aware adj. 意识到的， 觉察到的(用作表语)be aware of sth. 知道；意识到；明白 I dont think people are really aware of just how much it costs. 我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。 be aware thatclause 知道；意识到；明白 As youre aware, 正如你所了解的awareness n. 意识， 知道increase public awareness of something 增强公众对某事物的意识汉译英。1. 他好像没有意识到这些问题。 He doesnt seem to be aware of the problems. 2. 你意识到困难了吗？ Are you aware that there is a difficulty?3. 你必须意识到你所做的事完全是违法的。 You must be aware that what you are doing is quite illegal. 4. 正如你所了解的，这不是一个新问题。 As youre aware, this is not a new problem. 5. 我很瞌睡以至于没觉察到有多冷。 I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.5、drop out 退出，脱离；退学 Tony dropped out after the new manager came to the clubs. 俱乐部的新经理来了之后托尼就退出了。 drop back 后退， 落后 The car that had been in the second position dropped back with engine trouble. 先前处在第二位的那辆车由于发动机发生故障而落在了后面。 drop in (on sb.) 顺便拜访(某人) The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York. 史密斯一家去纽约度假时拜访了一些老朋友。 drop off 入睡， 减少Drink this and youll soon drop off. 喝了这个， 你很快就会入睡的。 drop sb. a line/note 给某人写信/便条Drop me a line when you get there. 你到那儿后给我写封信。完成句子。1. 他10岁时就辍学了。 He dropped out of school at the age of ten. 2. 有时他会顺路进来一下。 Sometimes he would drop in. 3. 路上别掉队， 以免迷路。 Dont drop behindthe others on the trail in case you get lost. 4. 看电影的人少了。 The audience for films have dropped off. 6、bargain n. 交易， 便宜货I picked up a few good bargains in the sale. 我在减价期间买了几件挺不错的便宜货。 v. 讨价还价 bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. We bargained with the farmer for a supply of milk and butter. 我们为牛奶和黄油的供给跟那农夫讨价还价。完成句子。1. He and his partner made a bargain to tell each other everything. 2. The women spent hours in the market, bargaining for/about/overthe goods. 3. He made a bargain with his wife, “You cook and Ill wash up.”7、ashamed adj. 羞耻的， 惭愧的(多作表语) be ashamed of 为而羞愧He is terribly ashamed of what he did. 他为自己所干的事愧疚不已。 be ashamed to do 羞于做某事；因做了某事而感到惭愧Im ashamed to say that I lied to her. 我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。 be ashamed thatclauseBill felt ashamed that he had not told the truth. 比尔为自己没有说实话而感到羞愧。 What a shame！/Its a shame that 真遗憾！多可惜啊！ What a shame they couldnt come. 他们不能来了，真是遗憾。 完成句子。1. I cried in the end and Im not ashamed to admit it. 2. Its a shame that she wasnt here to see it. 3. The student was ashamed of (感到羞愧)his cheating in the English examination. 4. I am quite ashamed to (十分不好意思)have to trouble you. 8、appeal to 呼吁；要求；有吸引力He appealed the decision to a higher court. 他不服判决向上级法院提出上诉。 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁， 恳求 make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁；引起某人兴趣汉译英。1. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。 The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 2. 小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。 Bright colors appeal to small children. 3. 这个设计务必要吸引所有年龄以及各社会阶层的人。 The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. contain与include contain 强调“盛有， 容纳”， 指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含了你所需要的所有内容。 include 包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。My job includes making coffee for the boss. 给老板煮咖啡是我分内的事。9、用contain, include的适当形式填空。1. Ive got three days holiday,including New Years Day. 2. The box is used to contain the childs toys. 3. Our teacher said, “Sea water contains salt.”4. All of us, including myself, have been to the Summer Palace several times. 5. His university courses include art and literature. 6. The jar contains sugar. 7. There are six people in the hall, me included. 10、含time的句型This/It is/will be the first(second, third) time (that) S. have/has done That/It was the first(second, third) time (that) S. had done This is the first time they have ever come to England. 这是他们第一次来英国。 It was the first time they had ever met in Shanghai. 那是他们第一次在上海见面。 the first/the last/next time可引导时间状语从句， 意为“第一次/上次/下次做的时候”。The first time I saw her, she was 21. 我第一次见到她的时候， 她21岁。 It is (high) time thatS. did “是某人该做某事的时候了”It is high time that you made up your mind. 该是你下决心的时候了。 each/every time引导时间状语从句， 意为“每当的时候”，相当于whenever。Every time I meet her, she is shy. 我每次见到她， 她都很腼腆。by the time引导时间状语从句， 意为“到为止”。 by the time 引导的从句若为一般过去时， 主句常用过去完成时；若从句为一般现在时或现在完成时， 主句常用将来完成时。By the time we arrived, the meeting had been over. 我们到达时， 会议已经结束了。the time引导时间状语从句， 意为“一就”， 相当于as soon as或the moment。He felt a thrill the time he got into the theatre. 他一走进剧场心里突然感到一阵激动。汉译英。1. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。 Every time I see her, Ill think of it. 2. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。 He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 3. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。 Next time youre in London, come and visit us. 4. 上次我们谈话时，他说他还需要两天。 The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 11、remove vt. 移动；开除；迁移 Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums. 它们中的有些被迁移了， 有一些被放到了博物馆里。 remove all doubts 消除一切怀疑 remove a man from office 免去一个人的职务 remove his hand from将手从拿开 be removed from the school被学校开除 to remove problems/obstacles/objections 解决问题/排除障碍/消除异议 汉译英。1. 消除他们的疑虑很难。 It is hard to remove their doubts. 2. 桌布上的污渍去不掉。 It was impossible to remove the stain from the tablecloth. 3. 他将手从她的肩膀上拿开。 He removed his hand from her shoulder. 12、earn ones living 靠为生The old man earned his living as a fisherman. 这老人以捕鱼为生。 earn ones livelihood/earn daily bread earn a/ones living as 职业 earn ones living by doing earn a reputation赢得美名 earn the respect and admiration of 博得了的尊敬和钦佩 earn him a place on the team 在队中赢得了一席之地完成句子。1. 我到这里以后， 结识了很多朋友。I have gained a lot of friends since I arrived here. 2. 他获得了一枚金质奖章。He has won a golden medal. 3. 他的勇敢博得了同志们的赞扬。His courage earned him the praise of his comrades. 13、puzzle vt. 使迷惑， 使费解， 使困惑The question puzzled me. 这个问题把我难住了。 n. 谜(mystery), 难题；游戏 How there are so many stones here is still a puzzle to people. 这里怎么会有这么多石头对人们来说仍然是个谜。 a jigsaw puzzle 拼图游戏 a crossword puzzle 纵横填字游戏 puzzlement n. 迷惑；困惑；不解 puzzled adj. 疑惑的，困惑的，迷惑的puzzling adj. 令人困惑的， 使人迷惑的(mysterious)汉译英。她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听着。She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 14、choose v. 选择， 挑选；愿意， 宁愿(多跟不定式短语) choose sth.选择某物 choose to do sth.选择做某事 choose out 选出 be well/ill chosen 挑得好/不好 chooseas/for把选为 cant choose but do 只好 choose between A and/or B 从A和B中选择 Theres nothing/little to choose betweenand与之间没有差别/不相上下/难以取舍 choice n. 选择；入选者， 可供选择的种类 to make the best choice of 精选 a careful choice 细心的选择 the best choice 最佳选择 without choice 不加选择地 have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择汉译英。1. 他们选大卫做他们的领导。 They choose David as their leader. 2. 他别无选择， 只好躺下睡觉。 He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 3. 她决定接受他的提议。 She chose to accept his offer. 4. 她只好把孩子们留在家里。 She could not choose but leave her children at home. 5. 糕点那么多， 以致挑选起来很困难。 There were so many cakes that it was difficult to make a choice. 15、value n. 价值， 重要性 People seldom realize the value of health till they have lost it. 人们不等到失去健康是不会懂得健康的重要性的。What is the value of？ 价值是What is the value of this picture by Rubens?这幅鲁本斯创作的画价值多少？ valuable adj. 贵重的，很有价值的 priceless adj. 无价的 valueless/worthless 没有价值的 be of great value 很有价值price, cost, value, worth, charge, fare, fee, expense price n. 用于谈到购买某种物品需花的钱时用。 cost n. 与price相似，但较少用于物品，多用于服务或活动；指制作、生产某物所需的成本；还可表示代价。可与high, low连用，不与free, expensive连用。 What is its price？What does it cost？均指所标价目。 value和worth指某物的实际价值。 charge n. 出售商品或服务的人向你提出索价How much did he charge you for that CD?买那张CD他要了你多少钱？ fare n. 乘飞机、火车、公共汽车等旅行的费用。 fee(s) n. 专业服务、课程等的费用。 房租通常是rent, 但在酒店中的房租是price。租/雇用汽车的花费用rental。expense主要指金钱方面的支出， 也可以指由雇主支付的差旅费用。The garden was built at great expense. 这座花园以极高的费用建造。完成句子。1. 学生向来尊重他们的老师。 The students have always valued their teachers. 2. 她以少于其实际价格买下那件珠宝。 She bought the jewel for less than its value. 3. 医生的收费比我们估计的要高。 The doctors fee was higher than we had expected. 4. 他以自己的健康为代价， 继续吸烟。 He goes on smoking at the cost of his health. 5. 她的公司派她去香港， 并支付所有的差旅费。 Her company sent her to Hong Kong and paid all her expenses. 16、advance vt. 前进， 发展， 提前； vi. 向前推进， 有进展 The date of the exam was advanced from the 10th to the 5th. 考试日期已由10号提前到5号。The work during this week is not advancing. 这周的工作没有进展。advanced adj. 高级的， 先进的advancement n. 提升， 促进， 进步 n. 进展， 前进This could be an advance on the present situation. 以目前的状况来看是有了进展。in advance 事先， 预先英译汉。1.They worked together to advance the cause of democracy(民主). 他们合力推动民主事业。 2.Please give us advance warning of any changes to the schedule. 工作日程如有改动，请事先通知我们。3.They offered an advance of 5, 000 after the signing of the contract. 他们在合同签订后预付了 5, 000 英镑。 17、focus n. 中心， 焦点 Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office. 由于服装奇特，他一走进办公室就成了大家注意的焦点。 vt. (使)特别注意；集中(注意力)于；(使)调节焦距You must try to focus your mind on work and study. 你应该努力把思想集中于工作和学习中。focus the camera给照相机调焦距 in focus焦点对准， 清晰 out of focus焦点没有对准， 模糊 When a photograph isnt in focus, it isnt clear; its out of focus. 当焦点没有对准时， 照片不清晰， 即模糊。汉译英。1. 大家的目光都集中在老师身上。 All eyes focused on the teacher. 2. 照片上他的脸模糊不清。 His face is out of focus in the photograph. 18、replace vt. 取代， 代替， 替换replace sb./sth. with/by sb./sth. George has replaced Edward as our captain. 乔治接任爱德华当了我们的队长。 take the place of 代替 take ones place 代替某人；坐下 in place of 代替 in place 放在原来的位置；原地 in ones place 处于某人的位置；为某人设身处地地想想 out of place 不合适；不恰当；格格不入 give place to 让位于汉译英。1.课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。 Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class. 2.他们已经用新窗户更换了破窗户。 They have replaced a broken window with a new one. 3.有什么东西能代替母爱吗？ Can anything replace a mothers love?19、die vi. 死；枯萎， 凋谢(died, died, dying)die from/die of die from “死于”， 可以指因疾病而死， 也可以指因外部创伤或间接的原因而死。die from/of cancer死于癌症die from a traffic accident死于车祸 die of “死于”， 表示死于疾病、饥饿、寒冷、年老、悲伤等。die of disease/old age/grief死于疾病/年老/悲伤 die for 为而死die for ones country/the people为自己的国家/为人民而死 die in poverty 死于贫穷 die outdisappear 灭绝， 消失 die away逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；逐渐消失 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡 be dying for 极想得到 be dying to dobe anxious to do 迫切想做die happy/rich 死时很愉快/很富有(接形容词或名词， 表示主语死时的情况)die a hero 死得英雄die的形容词是dead, 名词是death, deadly意为“致命的”， the dying 垂死的人， the dead已故的人， die(死亡)的现在分词是dying, dye(染)的现在分词是dyeing, 两者不可混淆。用die of，die from填空。1. 那个工程师因过度劳累而死。The engineer died from overwork. 2. 那个乞丐死于饥寒。The beggar died of hunger and cold. 完成句子。3. 许多旧习俗日渐消失。Many old customs are gradually dying out. 4. 在如此热的天气里， 我们都渴得要死。In such a hot day, were all dying for a drink. 5. 我们非常想听你谈谈你在部队的经历。 We are dying tohear about your experience in the army. 6. 汽车的响声在远处消失。The sound of the car died away in the distance. 20、be ofn. “be ofn.”这一结构可表示主语的类属。 Australia and New Zealand are of the same continent. 澳大利亚和新西兰属于同一洲。在表示年龄、颜色、重量等名词前的of可有可无。 They are (of) the same height. 他们一样高。 be of抽象名词 be 这一名词的形容词形式， 用来表示某物的特征。 What he said at the meeting was of great value(valuable). 他在会上讲的话很有价值。 这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰， 表示不同程度。汉译英。1. 他是一个有能力的人。 He is a man of ability. 2. 姐妹俩一样重。 The two sisters are (of) the same weight. 3. 他昨天买的两双鞋颜色一样。 The two pairs of shoes he bought yesterday are (of) the same colour. 4. 这药没效果。 This medicine is of no use. 21、and the_rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things(P8) 用剩余的时间来考虑要做些什么令人享受的事 the rest意为“其余的人/物/事”， 可用来替代可数或不可数名词。 While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the boy beside her. 当其余的乘客往外走的时候， 她瞥了一眼她身边的那个男孩。完成句子。1.我已完成大部分的工作， 你能在两天内做完剩下的工作吗？ I have done much of the work. Could you please finish the rest in two days?2. 他在乡下度过他的余生。He spent the rest of his life in the countryside. 22、But there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found different ways to be happy in their lives. (P8) 但是也有人把自己的百万资产置于一边，寻求不同的人生幸福。 turn ones back on 转身背对； 背弃， 抛弃 When on stage, dont turn your back on the audience. 在台上不要背对观众。 fall on ones back 仰面跌倒 at the back of 在后面 look back 向后看 fight back 还击 back and forth 来回地， 反复地汉译英。1. 他们需要她的时候， 她却背弃了他们。 She turned her back on them when they needed her. 完成句子。2. 椅子正在来回摇动。The chair is rocking back and forth. 3. 他转过身背对我们， 然后看见了那个女人。He turned his back on us and saw the woman. 4. 她当真拒绝了他的建议吗？Did she really turn her back on his proposal?5. 既然他有麻烦， 我不能不理睬他。 I cant just turn my back on him now that he is in trouble. 23、In fact, it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.(P12) 事实上，在防止黄河侵蚀方面扮演最重要角色的是你。 It is (was)被强调部分that (who)句子其他部分。 It was him who/that I saw the day before yesterday. 我前天看到的就是他。(注意：被强调部分是人时， 可以用who也可以用that) 被强调部分可以是除谓语、定语、宾补等之外的各种句子成分。 强调句的用法详见语法部分考点14 It的用法。句子转换。Tom met an old friend in the street yesterday. 1.强调主语 It was Tom who/that met an old friend in the street yesterday. 2. 强调宾语 It was an old friend that Tom met in the street yesterday. 3. 强调地点状语 It was in the street that Tom met an old friend yesterday. 4. I didnt know about it until he told me the truth(强调时间状语从句) It was not until he told me the truth that I knew about it. 5. He was absent from the meeting because he was ill. (强调原因状语从句) It was because he was ill that he was absent from the meeting. 24、It is no_bigger_than a credit card！(P14) 它和一张信用卡一样小！ no比较级than 与 not比较级thanno比较级than: 同样也不，这种结构常用来表示对两个比较对象进行否定。 Mary is short, but Betty is no taller than Mary. 玛丽很矮， 但贝蒂和玛丽一样矮。not比较级than：是用来对主语进行否定，表示前者在程度上不如后者。 Betty is not taller than Mary. 贝蒂没有玛丽高。完成句子。1. 这颗星和那颗星一样暗淡。This star looks no brighter than that one. 2. 这本词典没有那本词典有用。This dictionary is not more useful than that one. 25、 However, instead of showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to make up(P18) 但他没有去展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片做成instead of 代替某人/某事 He insists that he (should) study medicine instead of law. 他坚持学医， 不学法律。 Sand now filled the wells instead of water. 井里没有水却满是沙子。instead adv. 代替， 更换Weve no coffee. Would you like tea instead?我们没有咖啡了， 改喝茶好吗？一句多译我没有去看电影， 而是留在了家里。1. I stayed at home instead of going to see the film. 2. I didnt go to see the film. Instead, I stayed at home. ( )1. (2010北京卷)_they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once D“一旦学生们决定了去哪所大学读书，他们就得研究办理入学的手续。”as当；因为；while作连词强调一件事发生时另外一个动作正在进行；until直到； once一旦。 They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich. (P8)()2. (2010湖南卷)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that D题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故选D项。 In fact，it_is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.(P12) 如何写好名词性从句 掌握了写好简单句的基础学习，要写好名词性从句就很容易了。什么样的名词性从句就应该置于什么位置。但是使用名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别、何时用it作形式主语或形式宾语来代替真正的主语从句或宾语从句等。(1) He told a lie to everyone. It is wrong. (合并成一个复合句) That he told a lie to everyone is wrong.(2)That he told a lie to everyone is wrong. I think(合并成复合句) I think that he told a lie to everyone is wrong.若宾语从句后还有补足语，要用 it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句尾。 根据英语语言表达方式，如果主语从句或宾语从句太长，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语，真正主语和宾语置于后面，则得出该句最标准的语言表达句式： I think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.(3)Something was going on in the art. They were interested in it.(合并成一个复合句) 两句合并成一个句子，首先语义上要符合逻辑，这样可以确定主从句；再根据语法结构及连词的用法表述句子，得出该句为：They were interested in what_was_going_on_in_the_art. (宾语 从 句 )或 为 ： They were interested in something_that_ was going on in the art. (that为定语从句，something that what)