FiveBasicSentencePatterns主语主语-系动词系动词-表语表语（SVC）主语主语-动词动词（SV）主语主语-动词动词-宾语宾语（SVO）主语主语-动词动词-宾语宾语-宾语宾语（SVOO）主语主语-动词动词-宾语宾语-宾语补足语宾语补足语（SVOC）基本句型基本句型：Directandindirectobjects（直接宾语和间接宾语）直接宾语和间接宾语）主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语直接宾语（事物）。（事物）。 如，如，He brings me cookies every day.He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. She made me a beautiful dress.但若要但若要先先说出说出直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物），后后说说间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人），则要借助于介词，则要借助于介词to或或for:He brings cookiesHe brings cookies to to me every day. me every day.She made a beautiful dress She made a beautiful dress forfor me. me.主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）+ + to/ forto/ for+间接宾语（人）。间接宾语（人）。如，如， 双宾语双宾语用用toto侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。人。用用forfor 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。人。常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助（需借助toto的）：的）：bring, give, lend, hand, bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask,leave,mail, send, show, teach, tell, ask,leave,mail, throw, take, write,throw, take, write,等。等。（需借助（需借助for for 的）：的）：build, buy, call, change, build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch,find, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch,find, forgive,gain, get, make, order,forgive,gain, get, make, order,play(演奏演奏) sing, save, spare, winsing, save, spare, win等。等。带双宾语的及物动词带双宾语的及物动词, ,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前语之前, ,必须在变换时加必须在变换时加“toto”或或“forfor”。这这1111个个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话及物动词可以概括为下边两句话, ,读起来妙趣横生读起来妙趣横生, ,效果很好。效果很好。“七给七给”一一“带带”toto不少不少, ,“买买”“画画”“制作制作”forfor来了。来了。说明说明: : “七给七给”( (give, pass, lend, write, show, give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)send, hand)和和“带带”( (bring)8bring)8个及物动词个及物动词, ,在直接在直接宾语前置时宾语前置时, ,必须在后面加上必须在后面加上“toto”。即即“vt. + vt. + sth. + sth. + toto + sb. + sb.” 如如: :He lent some money to He lent some money to me.me.巧记带双宾语的动词巧记带双宾语的动词“buybuy”( (买买););“drawdraw”( (画画););“makemake”( (制作制作) )三三个动词个动词, ,在直接宾语前置时在直接宾语前置时, ,则必须在后边加则必须在后边加“forfor”, ,构成构成“vt. + sth. + vt. + sth. + forfor + sb. + sb.”。如如: :Mother bought a new dress for me.Mother bought a new dress for me.DEAR MISS WDEAR MISS W巧记可跟双宾语的一组动词巧记可跟双宾语的一组动词有有些些及及物物动动词词如如telltell，showshow等等，其其后后跟跟双双宾宾语语时时，既既可可以以用用“及及物物动动词词间间宾宾直直宾宾”，也也可可以以用用“及及物物动动词词直直宾宾toto间间宾宾”结结构构。但但有有些些及及物物动动词词如如explainexplain，introduceintroduce等等，其其后后跟跟双双宾宾语语时时，只只能能用用“及及物物动动词词直直宾宾toto间间宾宾”结结构构而而不不能能用用“及及物物动动词词间间宾宾直直宾宾”结结构构。那那么么如如何何将将这这类类动动词词与与其其它它及及物物动动词词区区别别开开呢呢？瞧瞧！可可以以先先记记住住这这句句话话：“Dear Dear Miss Miss W W（亲亲爱爱的的W W小小姐姐。）”这这9 9个字母分别是个字母分别是9 9个符合上述用法动词的开头字母。个符合上述用法动词的开头字母。你能看着你能看着Dear Miss WDear Miss W，逐个将这逐个将这9 9个动词写出来吗？它们个动词写出来吗？它们是是declaredeclare，explainexplain，announceannounce，reportreport，murmurmurmur，introducentroduce，saysay，suggestsuggest和和whisperwhisper。为了便于将这些动词与其用法联系在一起，我们为了便于将这些动词与其用法联系在一起，我们可再编一首顺口溜。由于直接宾语多指物，间接宾可再编一首顺口溜。由于直接宾语多指物，间接宾语多指人，这里我们便有了语多指人，这里我们便有了“待（带）人接物待（带）人接物”之之说。另外，当直接宾语很长或是个从句时，我们可说。另外，当直接宾语很长或是个从句时，我们可将其置于后面，这时间接宾语前仍需有介词将其置于后面，这时间接宾语前仍需有介词toto。例例如：如：He explained the long difficult sentence He explained the long difficult sentence toto us us= He explained = He explained toto us the long us the long difficult sentencedifficult sentence请记住下面的顺口溜：请记住下面的顺口溜：W W小姐真可爱，小姐真可爱， 待人接物很特别，待人接物很特别，不论人前或人后，不论人前或人后，总是不忘把总是不忘把to带。带。语法专项训练：语法专项训练：P107inDaoYulian翻译下列各句：翻译下列各句：1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。Mr.JohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear. 2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight. 3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster. Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat. Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy? ShallIcallyouataxi?11.新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.Grammar:(P54)AnswerstoEx.1:1.Pleasetrytofindthatbookforme.2.Iwouldlikeyoutobookforusatablebythewindow.3.Icantwaittoshowthesephotostomyparents.4.HasMotherleftsomefoodforusinthefridge?5.IforgottosendabirthdaycardtoAlice.AnswerstoEx.2:1.Hismotherboughthimacomputer.2.Pleaselendoneyuantome.3.Pleasegivemethecheque.4.Tomaskedmetobringhimanumbrella.5.Couldyoutellmethetime?AnswerstoEx.3:1.Thissummermygrandpaboughtsomebooksforme.2.Thissummermyfriendssentmeshortmessages.3.Thissummermyauntandunclebroughtcandytome.4.ThissummerItaughtEnglishtomyniece.Grammar:(P126)AnswerstoEx.1:2.Myniecetaughtmetoswim.3.Someoneofferedmeajobatalocalrecreationclub.4.Theypaidme2,000yuanamonth.5.Acustomertoldmethenewsthatthosewhoare6.Isentthelocalsportscommitteeane-mail,sayingthat7.IwrotetheNationalSportsCommitteealetteraboutthesamething.8.Mymumshowedmesomepicturesofthebigmoderncity.9.WhenpeopleaskedmethequestionwhyIwantedtodothis,Ianswered,10.Mycoachbroughtmeabottleofwater.11.Mycoachgaveeveryteammemberaswimming-suit.12.Peoplegavememanyprizes.SuggestedanswerstoEx.2:2.Here,thegroom（新郎）新郎）hastopaythefuturefather-in-lawabigsumofmoneyinordertogethispermission.3.Weusuallybringthefamilyawreath(花圈）花圈）.4.Weusuallybuyhimorheragift.5.Sometimeswebuythemgreenplantsorpaintings.Exercises:1.Canyouexplain_?A.thisproblemtomeB.methisproblemC.tomeproblemD.meproblem2.Hemadeanewdress_hiswifeandgaveit_heronherbirthday.A.to;forB.for;toC.for;forD.to;toA AB B3.Mr.Smithapologized_thelady_whathersonhaddone.A.to;toB.to;forC.for;toD.for;for4.Readtheletterand_him.A.passitontoB.passonittoC.passitforD.passitonB BA A5.Whichoneisnotright?_A.Willyoudomeafavour?B.Willyoudoafavourforme?C.Willyoudoafavourtome?D.WillyoudomethefavourtohelpmewithmyEnglish?6.Thelittleboywantedtohaveabookathisbirthdaypresent,butthecruelstepmother_himhisrequest.A.refusedB.answeredC.gaveD.promisedC CA A7.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?_A.Mr.Wangtaughtusphysicslastyear.B.Mr.Wangtaughtourphysicslastyear.C.Mr.Wangtaughtphysicstouslastyear.D.WeweretaughtphysicsbyMr.Wangbylastyear.B B