Gastric CarcinomaGastric Carcinoma医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌IntroductionIntroductionDescription Description 概述概述Classification Classification 分类分类Causes 病因病因Symptoms 症状症状Pathlogical Changes 病变病变Exams and Tests临床检查临床检查Treatment 治疗治疗Outlook(Prognosis) 预后预后Prevention 预防预防医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Gastric Cancer refers to cancer arising from any part of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year.Gastric Carcinoma is the most common cause of death in malignant tumors of alimentary system in China. Description- DefinitionDescription- Definitioncarcinomak:sinumn.癌malignantmlinntadj.恶性的alimentarylimentriadj.消化的医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Location: mainly along the gastric lesser curvature side(80.3%), predominantly in the antrum (56.4%)A higher incidence in males than females with a ratio of 2:13:1.It usually appears in fourth and sixth decade of life.This form of gastric cancer is very common in Japan, Chile, and Iceland.Description- FeaturesDescription- Features gastriclessercurvature(k:vt,-t)side胃小弯侧predominantlyprdmnntladv.大部分，多半Antrumntrmn.窦，腔，房incidenceinsidnsn.发病率 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Stomach cancer world map - Death WHO(世界卫生组织)2004Age-standardised death rates(年龄标准化死亡率) from Stomach cancer by country (per 100,000 inhabitants(居民).Description- FeaturesDescription- Features医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Several different types of cancer can occur in the stomach. The most common type is called adenocarcinoma, which starts from one of the common cell types found in the lining of the stomach.ClassificationClassificationadenocarcinomaadenocarcinomadinudinuk:sinum n.k:sinum n.腺癌the lining(the lining(衬里, ,内层) of ) of the stomach:the stomach:胃壁MesenchymalmesekimMesenchymalmesekiml adj. l adj. 间叶细胞的间叶细胞的, ,间充质间充质的的 Gastric cancer胃恶性肿瘤Gastric carcinoma(Adenocarcinoma)95%(arising from the epithelium来源于上皮组织)胃腺癌Gastric sarcoma5%(Arising from Mesenchymal tissue来源于间叶组织)胃肉瘤（教材未提及）医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a common cancer of the digestive tract worldwide, The rate of most types of gastric adenocarcinoma has gone down over the years. Experts think the decrease may be because people are eating less salted, cured, and smoked foods. ClassificationClassificationDigestivetract：消化道Salted：盐腌的Cured：熟化的，熏制的Smoked：烟熏过的医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌CausesCausesYou are more likely to getgastric cancer if you: Have a family history of gastric cancerHave an infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pyloriHada polyp larger than 2 centimeters in your stomach Bacteria:bktirin.细菌Helicobacterhelikbkt【医】缠绕杆菌属pyloripail:rain.幽门-Helicobacterpylori:幽门螺杆菌Polypplipn.息肉医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Have inflammation and swelling of the stomach for a long time (chronic atrophic gastritis)Have pernicious anemiaSmokeCausesCausesInflammation:nflmenn.医炎症Swelling:sweln.肿胀chronicatrophictrfikgastritisgstrats:慢性萎缩性胃炎perniciouspnsanemiani:mi:恶性贫血医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Abdominal fullness(腹胀) or pain(疼痛), which may occur after eat a small mealDark stools(黑便)Difficulty swallowing(吞咽困难), which becomes worse over timeExcessive belching(嗳气/打嗝儿过度)General decline in health(全身健康机能减退)SymptomsSymptomsAbdominal:bdmnladj.腹部的Belch:beltv.打嗝，嗳气Decline:diklainn.衰退嗳嗳 i:i:打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。打嗝儿，胃里的气从嘴里出来，并发出声音。 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Loss of appetite(食欲缺乏)Nausea(恶心)Vomiting, which may contain blood(呕血)Weakness or fatigue(疲劳)Weight loss(体重减轻)SymptomsSymptomsAppetite:pitaitn.胃口，食欲Nausea:n:zi:,-,-si:,-n.作呕；恶心；反胃Vomit:vmitvt.&vi.呕吐Fatigue:fti:gn.疲劳医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Early gastric cancer:早期胃癌The cancer have not invaded the muscularis propria(肌层) and are therefore limited to the mucosa(黏膜层) and submucosa(黏膜下层).Advance gastric carcinoma:进展期胃癌The cancer have invaded the muscularis propria or even further and beyond the mucosa and submucosa.Pathlogical ChangesInvade:inveidvt.&vi.侵入Muscularis:mskjulris肌层Mucosa:mju:kusn.黏膜层Propria:固有层 医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Protruded type (型 隆起型)Superficial type (型 表浅型)Superficial elevated type (a型 表浅隆起型)Superficial flat type (b型 表浅平坦型)Superficial depressed type (c型 表浅凹陷型)Excavated type (型 凹陷型)Pathlogical ChangesProtrude:prtru:dvt.使突出Superficial:sju:pfiladj.表面（上）的Excavate:ekskvetvt.挖掘；开凿医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌 (1)息肉型或蕈伞型 polypoid or fungating type (2)溃疡型 Ulcerative type(3)浸润型 Infiltrating type进展期胃癌进展期胃癌大体类型大体类型 Pathlogical ChangesPolypoid:plipid息肉样Fungating:fngeit医真菌样生长Ulcerative:lsrtivadj.溃疡（性）的Infiltrating:nfltretv.（使）渗透医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy(baipsi活检) and resected(ri(:)sektid切除). The surgical specimen(spesimn外科手术样本) was subsequently(sbsikwntli随后，后来) kept for educational purposes. Pathlogical ChangesAdenocarcinoma of the stomach (dinuk:sinum腺癌)隶属溃疡型进展期胃癌，伴有溃疡形成的胃癌有时需与消化性溃疡鉴别医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Endoscopic(endskpik内窥镜) image of linitis(linaitis胃蜂窝织炎) plastica(plstik塑料的), a type of stomach cancer where the entire stomach is invaded, leading to a leather(le皮革) bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it.Pathlogical ChangesLinitisplastica革囊胃隶属浸润型进展期胃癌医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Diagnosis is often delayed(被推迟) because symptoms may not occur in the early stages of the disease(疾病早期阶段). Or, patients may self-treat symptoms(自己治疗出现的一些症状) that gastric cancer has in common with other, less serious gastrointestinal disorders(相对不那么严重的胃肠道疾病) (bloating(胃气胀), heartburn(胃灼热), and a sense of fullness(腹胀感).Exams and TestsGastrointestinalgstruintestnldisorders胃肠道病症Bloatingblt胃气胀Heartburnh:tb:n胃灼热医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌The following tests can help diagnose gastric cancer:Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemiaEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy to examine the stomach tissueStool test to check for blood in the stoolsExams and TestsCompletebloodcount(CBC)tocheckforanemia:贫血时检查全血细胞计数Esophagoasfg/gastrogstr/duodenodju:udi:n/scopy(EGD):食道、胃、十二指肠镜检查Stooltesttocheckforbloodinthestools:大便中带血时检查粪便医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Surgery to remove the stomach (gastrectomy) is the only treatment that can cure the condition. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may help. For many patients, chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgery may improve the chance of a cure(提高治愈的可能性).For patients who cannot have surgery, chemotherapy or radiation can improve symptoms and may prolong survival(延长生存时间), but will likely not cure the cancer. For some patients, a surgical bypass procedure(外科旁路手术) may relieve symptoms(减轻症状).TreatmentGastrectomy:strektmi胃切除术Radiationreidieintherapy:放疗Chemotherapykemuerpi:化疗医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌The outlook varies(预后情况). Tumors in the lower stomach(胃下部的肿瘤) are cured more often than those in the higher stomach - gastric cardia(胃贲门) or gastroesophageal junction(食管胃连接). How far the tumor invades the stomach wall(肿瘤侵袭胃壁的程度) and whether lymph nodes(淋巴结) are involved(是否已发生淋巴道转移) when the patient is diagnosed affect the chances of a cure(影响治愈的可能性).When the tumor has spread outside the stomach(肿瘤已经扩散到胃外时), a cure is not possible(治愈已经不可能了) andthe goal of treatment is to improve symptoms(使症状好转). Outlook(Prognosis)gastriccardiak:di胃贲门Gastroesophagealstruisfdi:l食管胃的lymphlmfnodesnudz淋巴结医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌Mass screening programs(疾病普查程序) have been successful at detecting disease in the early stages(疾病早期探测) in Japan, where the risk of gastric cancer(胃癌带来的危害) is much higher than in the United States. The value of screening(这种普查的价值) in the United States and other countries with lower rates of gastric cancer(美国以及胃癌发病率较低的其它国家) is not clear(尚不明确).Prevention医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌The following may help reduce your risk of gastric cancer:Dont smokeEat a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetablesTake a medication to treat reflux disease, if you have itPreventionrefluxri:flksdisease:胃食管反流病（简称GERD）是指胃十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的以烧心反酸为主要特征的临床综合征医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌The EndThank you!医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌医学英语疾病介绍gastriccarcinoma胃癌