Translation of ContractDefinitionoContracts are agreements between equal natural persons, legal persons and other organizations for the purpose of establishing, altering and terminating mutual civil rights and obligations. (Contract Law of Peoples Republic of China)o合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。1) Contracts for International Sale of Goods 国际货物销售合同2) Contracts for International Technology Transfer 国际技术转让合同3) Contracts for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures 中外合资经营企业合同4) Contracts for International Engineering Projects国际工程承包合同国际商务合同的种类Categories of International Business Contracts5) Contracts for Compensation Trade 补偿贸易合同6) Contracts for Sino-foreign Cooperative Development of Natural Resources 中外合作开采自然资源合同7) Contracts for International Leasing Affairs 涉外租赁合同8) Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans 涉外信贷合同9) Contracts for Foreign Labor Services 涉外劳务合同10) Contracts for International Build-Operate-Transfer 国际BOT投资合同建设-经营-移交o按照格式的繁简程度的不同，国际商务合同可以采取：o正式合同Contracto协议书Agreemento确认书Confirmationo备忘录Memorandumo定单Order等书面形式。合同的语言特征o程式化 o准确性o严谨性o一致性o庄重性o简明化程式化o出口合同o 本合同于由ABC贸易以下简称“卖方和 XYZ贸易以下简称“买方于2021年8月5日签订。买卖双方同意按以下条款购置、出售下述商品。oExport Contracto This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 2021 between ABC Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and conditions.oThis Contract is made this 16th date of Oct，1998 in Beijing，China by and between ABC (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address in ，Its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer) and DEF (Full Name) Company under the Law of ，having its registered address In ，its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller)；whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below：o本合同由依 法律成立的ABC(全称)公司，其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为(以下简称买方)和依 法律成立的DEF(全称)公司，其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为 (以下简称卖方)于1998年10月16日在中国北京订立，双方同意按下述条款买卖以下货物：准确性 ?乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果法律文本? The Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: the Legal Textapplication: 适用enforcement: 执行implementation: 实施operation: 运用harm: 损害injury: 损害serious prejudice: 严重侵害nullify:丧失impair: 减损may、shall、should、will、may not、shall not 等词语的法律内涵等词语的法律内涵oa. May：在表示合同上的权利：在表示合同上的权利Right、权限、权限Power或特权或特权Privilege的场合中使用。假设的场合中使用。假设表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性的时候，更多的是“be entitled。ob. Shall：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它：在合同中并不是单纯的将来时，一般用它来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务来表示法律上可以强制执行的义务Obligation。如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，如未履行，即视为违约，并构成某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常表示在译文里，通常表示“应该或应该或“必须，当然，必须，当然，也有不翻译的时候。例如：也有不翻译的时候。例如： oThe parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. o双双方方首首先先应应通通过过友友好好协协商商，解解决决因因合合同同而而发发生生的的或或与与合合同同有有关关的的争争议议。如如果果协协商商未未果果，合合同同中中又又无无仲仲裁裁条条款款约约定定或或争争议议发发生生后后未未就就仲仲裁裁达达成成协协议议的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。的，可将争议提交有管辖权的人民法院解决。oThe quality and prices of the commodities to be exchanged between the ex-importers in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides. o货物的质量和价格必须使进出口双方都能接受。The formation of this contract, its validity, interpretation, execution and settlement of the disputes shall be governed by related laws of the Peoples Republic of China.o本合同的订立、效力、解释、履行和争议的解决均受中华人民共和国法律的管辖。oc. Should：在合同中通常只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一或“如果，极少译成“应该。o The board meeting shall be convened and presided over by the Chairman. Should the chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, convene and preside over the board meeting.o董事会会议应由董事长召集、主持；假设董事长缺席，原那么上应由副董事长召集、主持。od. Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，也用做表示承担义务的声明，但语气和强制力比Shall弱。oe. May not或shall not：用于禁止性义务，即“不得做什么。 o本协议自签订之日起生效。oThis agreement shall come into force on and from the day of signature.o 经友好协商，双方本着互利的原那么，XX和YY特签订合同。oThrough friendly negotiations, Party XX and Party YY, on the principle of mutual benefits, have hereby reached the contract as follows:严谨性oShipment is to be made on or before March 31.oThe offer remains in force till May 2, 2006 (inclusive). oParty A Shall pay to Party B five (5) percent of the total price for work, i.e. sixty-three thousand (63,000) US dollars.oRMB 2375.00 (SAY: RMB TWO THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY FIVE ONLY)o大写:人民币贰仟叁佰柒拾伍元整oThe Tenant shall make every effort at all times including but not limited to the hours between 11:00 PM and 7:00 AM not to play nor operate any musical instruments, in the leased premises as not to create a disturbance to anyone outside the premises leased by the Tenant.o承租人须保证不在在租住的房舍内弹奏乐器，特别是晚上11点至次日早晨7点，但不仅限于以上时间，以免干扰房舍周边的居民。o宾馆12岁以下儿童可免费与父母同住。oNo extra charge for one child under 12 years of age sharing same room with parents.一致性o关键词语主要是名词和动词的译法前后要保持一致，防止同义异译。oArticle 1 Party A shall deliver to Party B as soon as possible after this Agreement becomes effective, but in any event within 60 days thereafter, at Party Bs address set forth above, all the Technical and Sales Information, relating to Licensed Products.o第一条 甲方应尽快在本协议生效后，或最迟在本协议生效后六十天内，按上述乙方地址交给乙方有关特许产品的全部技术与销售情报。o固定的英译固定的英译o法规名称的英译法规名称的英译o法：法：Law；o条例：条例：Regulation；o规定：规定：provisions foro方法：方法：Measures; Procedureso说明：说明：Explanations (on)o决定：决定：Decisiono草案：草案：Draft修正案：Amendmentto实施细那么：Implementing Rules; Rules for Implementation of暂行规定：Interim Provisions; Provisional Regulations试行方法：Trial Measures管理规定：Provisions for the Administration of 补充规定/附那么: Supplementary Provisionso仲裁o不可抗力o违约o条件/条款o争议的解决o约束力o当事人/各方o违反/违背 arbitration force majeure breach the contract terms and conditions settlement of disputes binding force parties violation庄重性oTerm：The term of this lease shall commence on august 20, 2021 and shall terminate on June 30, 2021 unless terminated sooner as herein provided. In the event that the Tenant transfers from the unit rented under this lease to another unit the Tenant shall have three consecutive calendar days from the “termination of this lease to move to the new unit and shall be billed on all additional days on a per-diem basis. o本协议自2021年8月20日生效至2021年6月30日终止。除本协议另有规定，不得提前终止本协议。如承租人从租住的单元移至另一单元，承租人自“终止本协议之日起将有连续3日时间搬离，如超出3日，超出局部均按日计租。使用有使用有here 或或 there,或或where+后缀后缀in 或或by 或或after等等构成的复合词：构成的复合词：hereafterherebyhereinhereinafterhereinbeforehereofheretoherebeforehereunder今后、此后今后、此后特此特此由此；于此；因此由此；于此；因此在下文在下文在上文在上文于此；在本文件中于此；在本文件中对此；至此对此；至此迄今；到现在为止迄今；到现在为止在下面在下面hereuponherewiththereaftertherebytherefromthereinthereinafterthereinbeforethereon关于这个；于是关于这个；于是同此；与此；附此同此；与此；附此此后；以后此后；以后因此；由此；在那方面因此；由此；在那方面从那里从那里在那里；在那点上在那里；在那点上以下；在下文以下；在下文在上文中在上文中在其上在其上thereoftheretothereunderthereupontherewithwhereaswherebywhereinwhereofwhereon由此；因此由此；因此此外；又此外；又在其项下在其项下随后；因此；在其上；关于那随后；因此；在其上；关于那从此，与此从此，与此鉴于；而鉴于；而由是；凭那个由是；凭那个在哪里；在哪点上在哪里；在哪点上关于那事；关于它关于那事；关于它在其上；在那个上面在其上；在那个上面We hereby confirm having sold to you the following goods on the terms and conditions as specified below.兹确认特此按以下条款授予贵公司下述商品。In case no settlement can be reached thereby the dispute may, if either party so requires, be resolved by arbitration.如果由此产生的争论不能解决，任何一方认为必要的话，可以提出仲裁。汉语一般用语合同正式用语责任、义务dutyObligation, liability请求、申请askRequire, request结束、终止endTerminate, conclude, expire自日起fromAs from/of关于about In respect to/ as foroany and all全部、any duties, obligations or liabilities所有责任、applicable laws, regulations, decrees, directives, and rules适用法律法规、charges, fees, costs and expenses各种费用、covenants and agreements合同，协议、customs and usages惯例、free and clear of无、import duty and tax进口税捐、简明化okeep secret and confidential保密、licenses and permits许可、null and void无效、packing and wrapping expenses包装费、rights and interests权益、settle claims and debts清理债务、ships and vessels船只、sign and issue签发、support and maintenance维护、use and wont习惯，惯例，等等。 1. Name of Commodity 货物名称货物名称2. Specifications, Quantity and Unit Price 规格、数量和单价规格、数量和单价3. Total Value (USD) 总金额总金额 按美元计按美元计4. Country of Origin and Manufacturers 生产国和制造商生产国和制造商合同翻译涉及到的因素5. Packing 包装包装6. Shipping Mark 唛头:用文字、图形和记号标明在货物的包装上,以便识别一批货物不同于另一批的标记。内容有批号、件号、港口、目的地、收货人、生产国名、合同号码、货名、数量等.7. Time of Shipment: 装运日期装运日期 Shipment within the last ten-day period of March, 2000, subject to acceptable L/C reaches Sellers before the last ten-day period of January, 2000, and partial shipment is not allowed. 2000年3月下旬装运。但要以卖方2000年1月下旬以前收到可接受信用证为条件，不允许分批装运。 8. Port of Shipment 装运港装运港9. Port of Destination 目的港目的港10. Payment: 支付条款支付条款 By a prime bankers Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit in Sellers favor, for 100% value of goods. 凭一流银行开出的不可撤消的即期信用证付款，信用证以卖方为受益人，并按照货物金额100%开具。o买方委托卖方按发票全额的120%投保水渍险和偷窃提货不着险，保险费由买方承担。oThe Buyer hereby entrusts the Seller to insure the goods against W.P.A. and T.P.N.D. for 120% of the invoice value. The insurance premium should be borne by the Buyer.11. Insurance: 保险保险12. Documents: 单据 The following documents shall be prepared by the Seller and submitted to the Buyer: 卖方应准备以下单据提交买方(主语变换)1. Commercial Invoice in _Copies 商业发票_份2. Full set of clean on board ocean Bills of Lading made out to_. 全套清洁已装船提单，提货人为_.3. Insurance Policy; 保险单 Quality Inspection Certificate 质量检验证 Certificate of Origin 原产地证 Packing List 装箱单 Notice of Shipment 装船通知 The following other Documents:_ 以下其他单据：13. Overdue Interest: 过期利息过期利息 If the Buyer fails to pay any amount when due, the Buyer shall be liable to pay to the Seller overdue interest or such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of 5 percent per annum. Such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the Seller. 如买方未能按期支付到期款项如买方未能按期支付到期款项,买方应支付未付款项，买方应支付未付款项，否那么，应从到期日算至实际支付日之间的过期利否那么，应从到期日算至实际支付日之间的过期利息息,按年利率按年利率5% 计算。一经卖方提出，买方应该计算。一经卖方提出，买方应该支付该利息。支付该利息。14. Inspection: 检验检验15. Penalty: 违约金违约金1) Failure to Make Timely Delivery 未按期交货 In the event of the Seller for its own sake fails to make delivery of all the goods on time as stipulated in this contract, the Seller shall pay a penalty to the Buyer. 如果卖方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期交付全部货物，卖方应向买方支付违约金。oThe penalty shall be charged at the rate of 2% of the amount of the delayed goods for every 10 days of delay in delivering the goods, however, the penalty shall not exceed 20% of the total value of goods involved in the late delivery. Any fractional days less than 10 days shall be deemed to be 10 days for the calculation of penalty.o违约金将在迟延交货后每10天按所迟交货物总价的2%收取，但违约金不能超过迟交货物总价的20%。为了便于计算违约金，缺乏10天的小数天数按10天计算。2) Failure to Timely Open the Letter of CreditoIn the event that the Buyer for its own sake fails to open the Letter of Credit on time as stipulated in this contract, the Buyer shall pay penalty to the Seller. o如果买方由于自身原因未能按合同规定按期开具信用证，买方应向卖方支付违约金。oThe penalty shall be charged at the rate of 2% of the amount of the Letter of Credit for every10 days of delay in opening the Letter of Credit, however, the penalty shall not exceed 20% of the total value involved in the Letter of Credit amount. Any fractional days less than 10 days shall be deemed to be 10 days for the calculation of penalty.o违约金将在延迟开具信用证后每10天按所迟开信用证货物总价的2%收取，但违约金不能超过迟开信用证货物总价的20%。为了便于计算违约金，缺乏十天的小数天数按10天计算。16. Force Majeure: 不可抗力不可抗力Neither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or any part of this Contract due to flood, fire, earthquake, snowstorm, hailstorm, hurricane, war, government prohibition or any other events that are unforeseeable at the time of the execution of this Contract and could not be controlled, avoided or overcome by such party.任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、任何一方如果由于洪水、火灾、地震、雪暴、雹暴、飓风、战争、政策禁令或其他在合同执行时无法预飓风、战争、政策禁令或其他在合同执行时无法预见并不能控制、不可防止或无法克服的事件致使不见并不能控制、不可防止或无法克服的事件致使不能或迟延履行合同的全部或一局部时，该方不承担能或迟延履行合同的全部或一局部时，该方不承担责任。责任。 oHowever, the party whose performance is affected by the event of Force Majeure shall give a notice to the other party of its occurrence as soon as possible and a certificate or a document of the occurrence of the Force Majeure event issued by the relative authority or a neutral independent third party shall be sent to the other party by airmail not later than 15 days after its occurrence.o但是，受不可抗力影响的一方应立即通知另一方，并于事件发生后15天内向另一方航空邮寄有关当局或独立的中立第三方出具的发生此种事件的证明书或文件。 17. Claims: Except those claims for which a third party is liable, should the quality, specifications, quantity, weight, packing and requirements for safety or sanitation/hygiene of the goods be found not in conformity with the stipulations to this contract, the Buyer shall give a written notice of claims to the Seller and shall have the right to lodge claims against the Seller based on the Inspection Certificate issued by the Inspection Organization provided in Clauses 14.2 to this Contract within 21 days from the date of completion of unloading of the goods at the port of unloading. In the event of nonconformity, the Seller shall promptly repair or replace such goods or supply the quantity that is deficient.o 除了第三方应负责任的索赔，如发现货物的质量、规格、数量、重量、包装及涉及平安或卫生/保健等方面和合同的规定不一致，买方应对卖方发出书面通知并有权根据第14条第2款中所述的有关检验当局出据的检验证书对卖方提出索赔。索赔应在卸货港卸货完成后21天内提出。如发生不一致，卖方应立即修理或更换这些货物或补充数量。 oIn the event that the Buyer does not make such claim within the above-mentioned time-limit, the Buyer shall forfeit its right to make a claim with respect to the quantity deficiency or the apparent quality defect. o如果买方未在上述期限内提出索赔，那么买方将视为放弃对货物数量缺乏或明显的质量瑕疵索赔的权利。 18. Termination: 合同的解除合同的解除 Except as provided elsewhere, this Contract may be terminated in either of the following case: 除非另有约定，该合同将在下述情况下解除： 1) Through mutual written agreement by both parties; 双方共同达成书面协议； 2) If the other party fails to perform its obligations within the time-limit agreed upon in this Contract, and fails to eliminate or remedy such breach within 7 days following the receipt of the notice thereof from the non-breaching party. 如果另一方未能在合同约定的时间内履行其义务，并且在收到未违约方通知后起七天内未能消除违约或采取补救措施。19. Notice: 通知20. Incoterms: International Commercial Terms 国际贸易术语 Unless otherwise stipulated in this Contract, the terms and conditions of this Contract shall be interpreted in accordance with the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS 2000) provided by international Chamber of Commerce. 21. Arbitration:仲裁 All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract should be settled through friendly negotiation. Should no settlement be reached through negotiation, the case shall be submitted for arbitration in the Country where the defendant resides. 一切因执行本合同引起的争议，均应由双方友好协商解决。如协商不能取得解决，那么应提交仲裁，仲裁应在被告所在国进行。 If the arbitration takes place in China, the case shall be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), Shanghai and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. 如仲裁在中国，应提交上海中国国际贸易促进会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其仲裁规那么进行仲裁。 If the arbitration takes place in the USA, the case shall be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of Council for the Promotion of International Trade NY and the arbitration rules of this arbitration organization shall be applied. 如仲裁在美国，应提交纽约国际贸易促进会对外贸易仲裁委员会，按照其规那么进行仲裁。 The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the arbitration organization. 该仲裁委员会的裁决为终局性的，对双方均有约束力，仲裁费用，除非仲裁委员会另有裁定，概由败诉方承担。22. Supplementary conditions 补充条款 This contract shall be written in English and Chinese languages, with two originals and one copy for each side. This contract shall come into effect from the date it is signed by the representatives of both sides. After the signing of the Contract, all the letters or telex shall become null and void. 本合同以中英文书写，原件一式两份，双方各执一份。本合同自双方代表签字之日起生效。自本合同签订后，以前有关的信件、电传文件均为无效。Exercises The Contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each party shall hold two copies of each text. 本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方各执英文本和中文本一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。oThe Buyers shall have the right to claim against the Sellers for compensation of short weight within 60 days after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, should the weight be found not in conformity with that stipulated in the Bill of Lading after re-inspected by the CCIB.o假设经中国商品检验检疫局复验后发现重量与提单之规定不符，买方有权于货物抵达目的港60天内向卖方提出重量索赔oIn the event the Buyer does not furnish the seller with shipping instructions on or before August 17, 2007, the Seller may at his option cancel this contract and demand the Buyer to pay any damages he has sustained on account of such failure of the Buyer to give such instructions.o如买方在2007年8月17日或在此之前未向卖方发出装运通知，那么卖方可自行决定取消本合同，并要求买方赔偿因未发出装运通知而使其蒙受的一切损失。oIf either of the Parties fails to fulfill its obligations under this Contract, it shall compensate the other party for all its economic losses resulting hereof.o 合同一方如不履行本合同规定义务，违约方应赔偿另一方因此而遭受的全部经济损失。oOne-third of the total amount shall be paid with the order when the Contract is signed, one third by documentary bill when shipment is effected, and the balance by clean bills when the goods have arrived. o合同签订时先预付货款总额的三分之一，装船后凭跟单汇票再付三分之一，剩余的三分之一在货物抵达时凭光票一次性付清。 Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD 30000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. 买方须于本合同签字并生效30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤消信用证支付全部货款计30000 美元，以便卖方及时提款。oDuring the period from the date of effectiveness to the termination of the Contract, the two Parties shall hold a meeting very year to discuss problems arising form the execution of the Contract.o原译：在合同生效之日起到合同终止之日的期间内，双方每年举行一次会议，讨论合同发行中出现的问题。o改译为：本合同有效期间，双方应每年正式会晤一次，以讨论本合同履行期间存在的问题。oThe date of Bill of Lading shall be taken as the conclusive proof of the date of shipment, six (6) days grace shall be allowed for shipment earlier or later than the time agreed upon by the Parties. In the event of the goods for one order being shipped in more than one lot, each lot shall be deemed to be a separate sale on Contract.o原译：提单的日期应为交货日期的最后证明。双方允许交货比约定的时间早交或迟交六天。一次订货多于一批装运，那么，每批货应被当作是合同的单独买卖。o改译为：交货日期以提单所载日期为准，双方同意在合同约定的交货期的根底上，允许有前后六天的装运宽限期。假设一次订货分批装运，那么每一批货为合同项下的单独买卖。oIf a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.o如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条或18.2条所作的陈述及担保或重述,那么另一方除根据本合同或相关法律寻求任何可能的救济之外,违约方应当赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违反而招致的任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。o Should all or part of the contract be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused. Should it be the fault of both parties, they shall bear their respective responsibilities according to actual situations.o由由于于一一方方的的过过失失，造造本本钱钱合合同同不不能能履履行行或或不不能能完完全全履履行行时时，由由过过失失一一方方承承担担违违约约责责任任。假假设设属属双双方方过过失失，那那么么根根据据实实际际情情况况，由由双方分别承担各自应负的违约责任。双方分别承担各自应负的违约责任。oEither Side can replace the representatives it has appointed provided that it submits a written notice to the other Side.o任何一方都可更换自己指派的代表，但须书面通知对方。任何一方都可更换自己指派的代表，但须书面通知对方。 o本合同对双方当事人的合法继承人或受让人都有约束力。转让后受让人享有让与人的一切权利，并负担让与人的一切义务。 o(This Contract shall be binding upon the lawful successor or the legitimate assigns of either of parties heretoOn any such assignment，the assignee shall have all the rights and be subject to all the obligations of the assignor hereunder).