八、被动语态八、被动语态(二二)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法用法用法例句例句(1)不知道或没必不知道或没必要说明动作的执要说明动作的执行者行者。Such books are written for children.Printing was introduced into Europe from China.(2)动作的承受者动作的承受者是谈话的中心，是谈话的中心，或者既关心动作或者既关心动作的承受者，又关的承受者，又关心动作的执行者心动作的执行者。This song was composed(作曲作曲) by a student. She is liked by everybody.(3)出于修辞的需出于修辞的需要要。He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. (此句此句使用同一主语，以求简练使用同一主语，以求简练)结构结构例句例句附注附注(1)主语主语被动动词被动动词Rice is grown in the south.People grow rice in the south.(2)主语主语被动动词被动动词保留宾保留宾语语(或介或介词短语词短语)I was given a book (by him). A book was given (to) me (by him).He gave me a book.带双宾语的句子变带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，将其被动语态时，将其中一个宾语变成被中一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一动句的主语，另一个宾语置于原来的个宾语置于原来的位置上，称之为位置上，称之为“保留宾语保留宾语”。（三）被动语态的句型结构（三）被动语态的句型结构结构结构例句例句附注附注(3)主语主语被动被动动词动词主补主补He will be made our monitor.We will make him our monitor.He was seen to come this morning.I saw him come this morning.主动句中的宾语补足主动句中的宾语补足语变成被动句后被称语变成被动句后被称作主语补足语；作主语补足语；在主动句中，不定式在主动句中，不定式在有些动词后作宾补在有些动词后作宾补要省要省to；而变成被动；而变成被动式后，这类不定式随式后，这类不定式随之变成了主补，就要之变成了主补，就要加加to。结构结构例句例句附注附注(4)主语主语情态情态动词动词被动动被动动词词 He should be praised by the teacher. The teacher should praise him. (5)主语主语被动被动的短语的短语动词动词 My sister is taken care of by Grandma. Grandma takes care of my sister.短语动词变成被动短语动词变成被动式后，要保持整体式后，要保持整体性，不能漏掉介词性，不能漏掉介词或副词。或副词。 结构结构例句例句附注附注(6)形式形式主语主语it被动词被动词主语主语从句从句 It is thought that she is a good teacher. Everyone thinks that she is a good teacher. It was suggested that we should put off the meeting. Somebody suggested that we should put off the meeting. 这类句子的被动式实际这类句子的被动式实际上就是将主动句中的宾上就是将主动句中的宾语从句变成主语从句语从句变成主语从句。用于这类结构的谓语动用于这类结构的谓语动词常见的有：词常见的有：say, think, believe, suppose, report, hope, know, decide, etc.学习时可作句型来记忆：学习时可作句型来记忆： It is said that. It is believed that. It is supposed that. It is reported that. It is known that. 结构结构例句例句附注附注(7)主语主语被动被动动词动词动词不动词不定式定式 The horse is said to run very fast. They say that the horse runs very fast. 这一结构实际上是结构这一结构实际上是结构(6)的简化的简化。此例即可改此例即可改成：成：It is said that the horse runs very fast. 同同样，结构样，结构(6)的例句的例句1亦亦可改成可改成She is thought to be a good teacher. 不难不难理解，理解，(6)(7)结构的互换，结构的互换，就是复合句与简单句的就是复合句与简单句的互换互换。 (四四)使用被动语态须注意的问题使用被动语态须注意的问题注意事项注意事项例句例句只有及物动词和及物动词只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态，不及短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或不及物动词短语物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见不及物无被动语态，常见不及物动词和不及物动词短语有：动词和不及物动词短语有：appear，die，disappear，end (vi.结束结束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place等等。 The price has been risen.()The price has risen.()The price has raised.() The price has been raised.()The accident was happened last week.() The accident happened last week.()Please seat.() Please be seated.()This room is belonged to me.()This room belongs to me.()注意事项注意事项例句例句表示状态的及物动词，如表示状态的及物动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不等往往不能用于被动语态能用于被动语态。 The shirt fits him very well.()He is fitted very well by the shirt.() 反身代词在句中作宾语反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态时，不能用被动语态。 You must look after yourself.()Yourself must be looked after.()注意事项注意事项例句例句短语动词作为一个整体转短语动词作为一个整体转换为被动语态时，后面的换为被动语态时，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省介词或副词不能拆开或省略略。 All the rubbish should be got rid of.The Child will be taken of by my mother.Such a thing has never been heard of before.动词动词(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock/.) 副词副词(well / badly / easily / smoothly /.)表示主语的表示主语的属性特征时，用主动形属性特征时，用主动形式表被动含义式表被动含义。 This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide. This type of car sells well in China. 2Food can keep fresh in a fridge.4This song is well worth listening to.8He dislikes being laughed at.