Contents21345SkimmingScanning Detailed ReadingPost ReadingLanguage Points6Introduction Read the quotations and answer the questions.A We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except of course, language. -Oscar Wilde, 19th century writerB Within a century British and American English speakers will not be able to understand each other. -Henry Sweet, 19th century linguistC America and England are two countries divided by a common language. -George Bernard Shaw, 20th century writerD It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. -Dave Sperling, founder of Daves ESL Cafe1. What is the topic of the quotations? The difference between British and American English. 2. Which is the most optimistic? Dave Sperling.3. Which is the most pessimistic? Henry Sweet.4. Which ( if any) do you think are funny? open5. Which is good news for students of English? Dave Sperling.6. Can you guess which quotations are from British people? Henry Sweet.British EnglishAmerican EnglishMumMomprogrammeprogramtheatretheaterrealiserealizewrite to mewrite meRead the emails on page 1 and saywhat the writers have in common.The second writer is American.Check the true statements.1.People from Hong Kong can understand people from Beijing. 2.2. People from Shanghai sound the same as people from Xian. F3. Chinese characters can be understood by all speakers of Chinese. 4. American English is very different from British English. 5. People from Britain cant understand people from America.FFTRead the titles and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.vocabularygrammarspellingpronunciationSubject Sentences in parts1-4.Part 1:The first and most obvious way is in the vocabularySometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning. Part 2:There are a few differences in grammar. The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.Part 3:Part 4:Reading carefully and find the differences in vocabulary, grammar and spelling.The Differences in Vocabulary (Part 1) BritishAmericancars motorway petrol underground taxi automobilesfreewaysgassubwaycabBritishAmerican torch queue up chips(薯片薯片) crisps(薯条薯条)Read the second part and finish the Read the second part and finish the form.form.flashlightstand in lineFrench frieschipsThe Differences in Grammar (Part 3)British EnglishAmerican English Have you got? My friend just arrived. in the team/at the weekendWrite me soon!Do you have?My friend has just arrived.on the team/ weekendWrite to me soon!The Differences in Spelling and Pronunciation (Part 4)British EnglishAmerican Englishspellingpronunciationcentre, colour programmecenter,color programPeriodsThemesIn the 20th centuryThe two varieties of English have been influencing each other by non-stop communication.Read part 5 and finish the form. At present Different people, such as newsreaders and 7. _, speak English with different 8. _.In the futureThere are going to be many “Englishes”.accents weather forecasters1. There are _ differences between American and British varieties of English. A. no B. a few C. lots of Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases.2. Americans _ understand what the British are saying. A. sometimes B. usually C. never 3. There are _ differences between British and American grammar. A. no B. many C. not many4. American spelling is _ British spelling. A. the same way B. simpler than C. harder than 5. For a Londoner, an American accent may be easier to understand than _. A. a Chinese accent B. some British accents C. a CNN newsreader6. Television and the Internet have made it _ for the British and Americans to understand each other. A. harder B. easier C. impossibleRead the passage again and complete the following sentences.1.British and American English are different _ (在很多方在很多方面面).2.2. The British queue up; Americans _ (排队排队).stand in line in many ways3. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures _ (进进入入) British English.4. A Londoner _ _ (做某事有困难做某事有困难) a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.passing into has more difficultyunderstanding Detailed understandingRead the text carefully again and decide whether the following statements are True (T) of False (F).1. The arrival of the first settlers had an 2. effect on the American pronunciation.T2. A Londoner can understand a Scotsman more easily than understand a New Yorker.3. Monita Rajpal grew up speaking three different languages.4. It is certain that British English will disappear soon.FFT1.How many main varieties of Chinese are there?2.In what ways are they different?3.Do Chinese people from different regions have problems understanding each other?4.What will happen to Chinese in the future?根据首字母提示填入适当的单词完成根据首字母提示填入适当的单词完成课文概括。课文概括。British and American English are different. The most o_ difference is in the vocabulary. For example, Americans drive down freeways, w_ the British drive along motorways. Sometimes the same word has a different meaning, which can be c_.bvioushileonfusingThere are differences in grammar, too: c_ the British sentence “Have you got .?” with the American sentence “Do you have .?”. P_ can also be different. Americans say “on the weekend”, while the British say “at the weekend”.The other variations in the two v_ of English are spelling and pronunciation. Americans prefer to s_ spelling.omparerepositions implifyarietiesAs for pronunciation, although there are differences, a Briton can still understand an American.Recently, both varieties of English have become more alike. Satellite TV and the Internet let the British and Americans listen to each other at the f_ of a switch, leading to American words and s_ passing into British English. licktructuresHowever, as English is spoken worldwide there may be more than two varieties in the future. But dont worry. Users of English will still be able to c_ with each other and understand each other.ommunicate1. We have really everything in common with America nowadays. have . in common (with sb. / sth. ) 和和有共同之处。有共同之处。e.g. Real friends should have much in common. 真正的朋友应该有很多相同之处。真正的朋友应该有很多相同之处。拓展拓展: in common with 和和一样一样Fill in the blanks.1. The two games _ _ _ _ (没有相同之处没有相同之处).2. _ _ _ _ _ (和其他许多国家一样和其他许多国家一样), Britain has experienced major changes over the last 100 years. In common with many other countries have nothing in common 2. It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. make a difference 对对有影响有影响e.g. It doesnt make a difference to me whether you attend the contest or not. 你参不参加这个竞赛对我来说都没有你参不参加这个竞赛对我来说都没有 什么关系。什么关系。拓展拓展: make no / some / much difference 没有没有 / 有一些有一些 / 有很大影响有很大影响词汇扩展：词汇扩展：differ vi.与与不同不同, 相异相异; 不同意，不同意， 意见相左意见相左, 常与常与from 搭配搭配 different adj. 不同的，相异的，不同的，相异的， 各种各样的各种各样的常用的修饰词有：常用的修饰词有：very much, quite, entirely, totallyFill in the blanks.1. 这场雨对运动会没有太大影响。这场雨对运动会没有太大影响。 The rain didnt _ _ _ to the sports meet.2. 谁赢这场比赛对我来说没有什么区别。谁赢这场比赛对我来说没有什么区别。It _ _ _ _ _ _ who wins the game.doesnt make a difference to memake much difference 3. Maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi or cab. get arounda. 回避，逃避，绕过某困难回避，逃避，绕过某困难 b.b. 走动走动c. (消息消息)传开，传出去传开，传出去请把请把get around在句子中的含义与其相应在句子中的含义与其相应的汉语释义配对。的汉语释义配对。1. My father could get around after the operation. 2. It would take some time for the news to get around. 3. I think we should not get around most of these problems. abcTranslation:1. 她拄着拐杖四处走动。她拄着拐杖四处走动。2. 他在事故中遇难的消息迅速传开了。他在事故中遇难的消息迅速传开了。3. 你规避制度是不对的。你规避制度是不对的。She gets around with the help of a stick.News soon got around that he was killed in the accident. Its wrong of you to get around the rules.4. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British).compare to 把把.比作比作 compare with 把把.进行比较进行比较 compared with (to) 和和比较，常比较，常位于句首或句尾，作状语位于句首或句尾，作状语 e.g. If you compare her work with his，youll find hers is much better 要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发要是把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发 现她的要好得多。现她的要好得多。 Compared with (to) drivers in other countries, Americans think theyre good drivers 同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为他同其他国家司机相比，美国人认为他 们是不错的。们是不错的。 拓展：拓展：by comparison相比之下相比之下 by comparison with与与相比相比e.g. By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot. 和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人和活泼的年轻人比起来，成年人 是没有欢乐的群体。是没有欢乐的群体。Choose the best answer.1) The production of grain rose by 25 _ the first three months of last year. A. comparing to B. compare with C. compared to D. to compare with2) When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. Compared B. being compared C. Comparing D. having compared5. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. have difficultyin doing sth.with sth.做某事有困难做某事有困难e.g. Do you have any difficulty with English? 你英语上有困难吗？你英语上有困难吗？ The government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave their villages. 政府很难说服人们离开他们的村庄。政府很难说服人们离开他们的村庄。6. While Americans prefer Do you have? prefer v. 喜欢喜欢a. prefer doing 喜欢喜欢e.g. Jack prefers swimming.b. prefer to do 宁愿，更喜欢宁愿，更喜欢e.g. I prefer to go out this afternoon.c. prefer doing to doing 两者间更喜欢两者间更喜欢e.g. He prefers sailing to surfing. 比起冲浪他更喜欢航海。比起冲浪他更喜欢航海。d. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿宁愿而不而不e.g. He prefers to stay rather than go out. 他宁愿呆着也不愿外出。他宁愿呆着也不愿外出。e. prefer doing rather than doing 宁愿宁愿而不而不e.g. She prefers remaining single rather than having a family. 她宁愿单身也不愿组成家庭。她宁愿单身也不愿组成家庭。认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。1. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. (P2)分析分析a. 这是一个这是一个_句。句。b. when引导的是引导的是_从句。从句。c. that引导的是引导的是_从句，进一步说从句，进一步说 明明remark的具体内容。的具体内容。d. divided by a common language是过去是过去 分词短语作分词短语作_，修饰，修饰nations。主从复合主从复合时间状语时间状语同位语同位语后置定语后置定语2. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. (P3)分析分析a. 这是一个主从复合句。主句的结构为：这是一个主从复合句。主句的结构为：主语（主语（it）+谓语（谓语（has led to）+宾语宾语(lots of American words and structures) + _（passing into British English）。）。 宾语补足语宾语补足语d. lead to引起，导致，其中引起，导致，其中to是介词，是介词，后须跟名词、代词或后须跟名词、代词或_。 动词动词ing形式形式b. so that引导的是引导的是_从句。从句。c. that引导的从句作动词引导的从句作动词_的宾的宾语。语。believe结果状语结果状语3. However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. (P3) 分析分析a. if 引导的是引导的是_从句。在从句从句。在从句中，中，the American TV network作作CNN的同位语。的同位语。b. find sb. doing sth. 发觉发觉/发现某人正发现某人正在做某事，强调在做某事，强调do的动作正在进行。的动作正在进行。条件状语条件状语c. 破折号后的内容作破折号后的内容作_，解释说，解释说明明different accents的具体内容。的具体内容。 同位语同位语Translation 1. 我宁愿去看电影也不愿呆在家里我宁愿去看电影也不愿呆在家里 (prefer 2. to)2. 你简直无法想象那个女人抚养她的孩子你简直无法想象那个女人抚养她的孩子是多么困难。是多么困难。(have difficulty in doing sth.)I prefer to go to the movies rather than stay at home.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had (in) bringing up her children.3. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 你就会发你就会发 现她做得要好得多。现她做得要好得多。(compare)If you compare her work with his / If you compare their work, youll find hers is much better.4. 他们的房子和我们的差不多，只是我他们的房子和我们的差不多，只是我 们的花园大一些。们的花园大一些。(be similar to)Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden.6. 乘坐公交车在北京旅行很方便。乘坐公交车在北京旅行很方便。 (get around)Getting around by bus is convenient in Beijing.5. 毫无疑问，过量的工作和过少的休息毫无疑问，过量的工作和过少的休息 常常会引起疾病。常常会引起疾病。(lead to)There is no doubt that too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.Try to collect more words or expressions which are different in British and American English in the 4 ways. (vocabulary, grammar, spelling and pronunciation)