现现在分在分词词作状作状语语选修六选修六 Unit 5 Grammar千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。分分词词作状作状语语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。分词作状语让步原因条件结果时间伴随方式分词作状语功能表1.时间2.原因3.条件4.让步5.方式/伴随时间状语从句原因 状 语从句条件 状 语从句让步状 语从句没有合适的状语从句A.现在分词作状语学与练把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up. Seeing their teacher,the students stood up. *现在分词动作的发出者是( )句子主语*现在分词短语作( )时间状语? - -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句：注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while 引出。现在分词一般位于句首。 如：? When he read the book, he nodded fromtime to time.When she saw those pictures, sheremembered her childhood.Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.When reading the book, he nodded fromtime to time.1.After they had finished their homework, they went home.Having finished their homework, theywent home.*现在分词短语作()*Having finished their homework表现的动作在went home( ), 故用分词的().时间状语之前完成式2.Because he was ill , he couldnt go to school.Being ill , he couldnt go to school.*现在分词短语 作原因状语3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.Working harder at English, you will make greater progress.*现在分词短语 作条件状语4.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.*Feeling very tired , they kept running.现在分词短语 作让步状语5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句)*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking. *现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语*Laughing and talking, the children came into the classroom.*不可改成相应状语从句-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。现在分词的时态和语态doingbeing donehaving donehaving been donedoing 作状语，表示分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生having done 作状语，表示分词的动作先于谓语的动作发生He came into the classroom,talking and laughing.Having finished his work, he went home.把下列划线部分改写成分词短语 , 并说明其功能B.过去分词作状语学与练1.When she was asked why she did it, she began to cry.*Asked why she did it, she began to cry.*过去分词短语作时间状语*从句的动词用的是被动语态*过去分词的动作由主语承受2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy. *Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy. *过去分词短语作原因状语3.If I were givenone more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.”.*Given one more chance , I would like to tell the girl , “ I love you.”.*过去分词短语作条件状语4.Although they had been defeatedmany times ， they continued to fight.*Having been defeated many times , they continued to fight.=Although defeated many times, they continued to fight.*过去分词短语作让步状语*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分词）前可加上适当连词如：while，when，once，if，unless，as if，though*Once used , the car will never be sold again. (once “ 一旦”)=Once it is used , the car will never be sold again.*When heated , water turns into steam.=When water is heated , water turns into steam.Heated, water turns intosteam5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.*The teacher stood there (,) surrounded bymany students= Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood there. *过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语Having been told many times , he didnt make the same mistake. Having been criticizedby the teacher, he gave up smoking.分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前一、分词做状语一、分词做状语1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生或者在其后发生。2、完成式（havingdone ）与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发生。3过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完成形式（havingbeendone ）均与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动词发生。状状语语现在分词过去分词doing与主语为主动关系分分词词作状作状语语其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致Hearingthe bad news,theycouldnt help crying.When theyheard the bad newsdoing与主语为主动关系Givenmore attention ,the treescould have grown better.If they had been given more attention_ from the top of the building, wesaw the house like a match box._from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.SeeingSeensee分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以加上连词，但是分词和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and，so)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。注意注意1：例如例如:误误: Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.正正: He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. 或或Having been toldmany times, he still couldnt understand it.对对比比练习练习1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. ToldC. He was told D. He been told3. _from space , the earth looks blue .4._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.SeeCA/BABbutthe earthwe?1. As he had eaten too much forsupper, he couldnt go to sleep.?2.This book became well known allovertheworldafterithadbeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.Having eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.? Havingbeentranslatedintomanydifferent languages, this book becamewell known all over the world .Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.- ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其（）加not /never等。前面Not having received his fathers letter,he decidedto make a call to him.注意注意2：有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of （谈到）,considering(考虑到，鉴于）等Generally speaking , girls are more careful than boysSupposingyou lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?现在分词的独立成分现在分词的独立成分Task 4现在分词的独立主格结构现在分词的独立主格结构在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为:分词独立主格结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况 , 表示时间、原因、条件等?As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the strange village.?If weather permits, well go for an outing tomorrow. leading the way, wehad no trouble finding the strange village.permitting, well go for an outing tomorrow. Practice:The boyThe weather? As there was no further problems to discuss, we ended the meeting at last.There being no further problems to discuss, weended the meeting at last.1、分词 (短语)作状语时,前后两个动作的主语是一致的。2、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，分词和主句之间可用逗号。使用- ing形式需注意的4个问题.3、用V+ing一般式 还是Having+done完成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。4、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not,never 等否定词构成。After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.= Hearing a strange sound, he went out of .As the girl was seriously ill, she was taken to hospital immediately.Beingseriously ill, the girl was taken to .be -beingAs she didnt know any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.Not knowing any French, she couldnt get any one to help her.巩固练习：1.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparingC. prepared D. was preparing2. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make3.”Cant you read? ” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing4. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B. Receiving notC.Not having received D. Having not received5The missing singer was last seen _ the voice close to the bridgeAexercising Bto be exercising Cexercise D to exercise6.The directors discussed the project that they would like to see _ the next yearAcarry out B carrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out