Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern heroNelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918.He was educated at University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress in 1944.In June 1961, the ANC considered his proposal on the use of violent actions and agreed that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandelas campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC.1佳句仿写.Mandela was sentenced to.He _(他被判处5年监禁).he devoted himself to.Lu Xun_(鲁迅把一生致力于写作)2句子翻译(将黑体句子译成汉语)_was sentenced to 5 years in prison devoted his life to writing在被释放后，他致力于他一生的工作，努力实现他和在被释放后，他致力于他一生的工作，努力实现他和其他其他 同仁们几乎在四十年前就已经定下的目标。同仁们几乎在四十年前就已经定下的目标。.正误判断(根据课文内容判断正“T”误“F”)1Elias left school in the end because his school was too far for him to go.()2Elias worried that he would lose his job because he had little education. ()3Elias trusted Nelson Mandela and he joined the ANC Youth League. ()4The black in the early 1960s had no right to vote or choose who would rule them.()Section Warming Up & Reading F F T T .阅读理解(根据课文内容选择正确答案)1This text is mainly about _.Aa black man named Elias and his hard life in South AfricaBMr Mandelas lifelong struggle(斗争)for the black peoples rightsCElias description of his contact with Mr MandelaDdeep friendship between Elias and Mr Mandela2Elias had to leave school when he was quite young because _.Ahe couldnt catch up with other students in his studyBhis home was too far away from schoolChis family was too poor to pay the money needed for his studyDhe wanted to work with Mr Mandela eagerly3People without a passbook may _.Anot be allowed to live in JohannesburgBbe out of workCbe those who were not born thereDall the above4Was Elias happy to help blow up the buildings?ANo，because he disliked violence.BYes，because he wanted to thank Mr Mandela.CNo，because he thought he might be caught and put in prison.DYes，because making black and white people equal was their dream.5From Mr Mandelas saying，we can get such a conclusion that _.AMr Mandela wanted to break the law in a violent way in the beginningBblack people had been given more rightsCblack people should rise up to fight for their own rights after years of being ruledDthey could force the government to give up easily答案1.C2.C3.D4.D5.C.阅读表达(根据课文内容完成下列各题)1What are Elias attitudes towards the unfair situation black people faced？How do you know？(within 40 words)_Elias felt angry about the unfair situation black people faced. He tells us in the story that black people could not choose where to live，his job or his homeland.2What adjectives would you use to describe Nelson Mandela after reading the text？(at least 5 words)_3There are five paragraphs in Reading.Whats the main idea of the fourth one?_ friendly，helpful，generous，reliable，brave，etc.The situation that black people had to face.阅读填空(根据课文内容完成下面表格)Write out the right order according to what happened to Elias in the following years.1.1940：_A.Elias was twelve years old and met Mandela.2.1942：_B.Elias began school.D F 续表3.1946：_C.Elias left school.4.1948：_D.Elias was born.5.1952：_E.Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings.6.1963：_F.Elias was a twoyearold boy.B C A E .教材研读一、重点单词熟记1_ /kwltI/n.质量；品质；性质2_/min/adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3_/ktIv/adj.积极的；活跃的4_/denrs/adj.慷慨的；大方的5_/dIvt/ vt.献身；专心于6_/dIvtId/adj.忠实的；深爱的7_/fand/vt.建立，建设8_/prInspl/n.法则；原则；原理quality mean active generous devote devoted found principle 9peaceful/pisfl/adj._ _ _10hopeful/hpfl/adj._ _11stage/steId/n._ _ _12vote/vt/vt. & vi._ _n. _ _13attack/tk/vt._ _ _14violence/vaIlns/n._ _15equal/ikwl/adj._ _和平的；平静的；安宁的和平的；平静的；安宁的 怀有希望的；有希望的怀有希望的；有希望的 舞台；舞台； 阶段；阶段； 时期时期 投票；投票； 选择；选择；选票；选票； 表决表决 进攻；进攻； 攻击；攻击； 抨击抨击 暴力；暴力； 暴行暴行 相等的；相等的； 平等的平等的二、重点短语探究根据汉语意思补全短语1_ of work 失业2_ a matter of fact 事实上3blow _ 使充气；爆炸4_ trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中out as up in 5devote._. 献身；专心于6turn _ 求助于；致力于7fight _ 与交战8be free _ 无的；摆脱的9believe _ 信任10be willing _ 自愿做某事to to against from in to do 三、教材佳句背诵1However，_ one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。2_ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所颁布的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。this was a time when The last thirty years have been 3We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful；when this was not allowed._ decide to answer violence with violence.首先我们用和平的方式来打破原有的法律法规；而当这种方式也得不到允许时，只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only then did we1quality n质量；品质；性质(教材原句)And what qualities does a great person have？(P33)那么伟人有哪些品质呢？【搭配】of quality优质的，素质好的of high/low quality高/低质量的average quality一般质量in quality在质量上These are leather goods of high quality.这些是高质量的皮革制品。He has many good qualities，but his best quality is his kindness.他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。of quality修饰产品或商品时指“优质的”，修饰人时指“素质好的”。点津：quality作“质量”讲时通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时多用作可数名词。【即境活用】选词填空(quality/qualify/qualification/qualified)She wont _ until next year.Jack has got a medical _.He is well _ for the work.The shop sold goods of high _.qualify qualification qualified quality 2mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的【搭配】be mean about sth吝啬某物be mean to sb对某人刻薄be mean to do sth不愿做某事The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is so mean about money that he is mean to donate any of it to help those in need.这位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，他非常吝啬钱，不愿捐钱帮助那些需要帮助的人。【归纳拓展】mean vt.本意是，原意为mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing意味着be meant for本定为；注定要成为I am terribly sorry.I didnt mean to hurt you.真对不起，我并非有意伤害你。She was never meant for a nurse.她根本就不是当护士的料。【即境活用】Just as Professor Scotti often _ it，success is ninetynine percent mental attitude.Agets Bmakes Cputs Dmeans解析考查动词词义辨析。get“得到”；make“做成”；put“说明，陈述”；mean“想要，打算”。C项最合句意。答案C3active adj.积极的；活跃的【搭配】be active about对热心be active in sth/doing sth积极参与be active as作为活跃It is reported that the mayors wife is active about public welfare.据报道市长的妻子热心于社会福利工作。He has been active as a reporter.作为一名记者，他一直很活跃。Even though he is old，he is still active in physical training.尽管他很老了，他仍然积极参加体育锻炼。其名词activity意为“活动”，通常可数，复数形式为activities。【即境活用】完成句子He is _(最活跃的学生)in our class.As a young man，he _(积极参加)politics in his spare time.the most active student was active in 4devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的【搭配】(1)devoten.(时间、精力、生命等)to.把时间、精力、生命等用在上(2)devote oneself todevote ones life to致力于；献身于Qian Weichang devoted himself entirely to teaching.钱伟长将一生奉献给了教学。He devoted much of his spare time to sports.他把许多业余时间用在体育运动上。点津：在devote.to.短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词ing作宾语；devote oneself to通常用被动语态形式，即be devoted to【归纳拓展】a devoted son忠实的儿子devotion n献身；忠诚【即境活用】The time he has devoted _ the disabled is now considered _ of great value.(2013温州高一检测)Ato help；being Bto helping；to beCto help；to be Dhelping；being解析考查非谓语动词。devote time to doing sth句型中to为介词，后接动名词，意为“花时间干某事”；be considered to do sth“被认为做某事”。故B项正确。答案B5found vt.建立；建设(教材原句)He founded the first Republic in China in 1911 after many years fighting.(P33)经过多年的斗争之后，他在1911年建立了中国第一个共和国。【搭配】found sth创建/办found.on/upon.把建在上；把基于(此结构一般不用于进行时)They founded the company themselves.他们自己创办了这家公司。The castle was founded on solid rock.这座城堡建在坚硬的岩石之上。【辨析】【归纳拓展】founder n奠基者，创立者，创办人foundation n建设，创立；基础found强调在建立之前为建造物打下基础。强调在建立之前为建造物打下基础。set up主要指建立主要指建立“组织、机构组织、机构(如公司，学校如公司，学校)等等”。助记After the new country was founded，the poor man finally found his family.在新的国家建立后，这位可怜的人终于找到了他的家人。动词动词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词意义意义foundfoundedfounded建立建立findfoundfound发现，找到发现，找到【即境活用】完成句子I _(把成功的希望建立在)my own hard work.This story _(根据)a fact.founded my hope of success on is founded on6out of work(1)失业(out of a job)Jim has been out of work for several months.吉姆已经失业几个月了。(2)出问题Marys cellphone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。【归纳拓展】in work有工作go to work去上班at work在工作中，在上班after work下班后begin/start work开始工作【即境活用】完成句子He is _(最活跃的学生)in our class.As a young man, he _(积极参与)politics in his spare time.the most active student was active in 7The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，.(P34)过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步(1)有些动词，如see, find, witness等，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、见证、目睹”了某事。理解这类句子时要把握英汉两种语言的不同表达习惯。The twentieth century witnessed two world wars.20世纪目睹了两次世界大战。The lonely street found him wandering alone in the evening.傍晚时分他在寂静的大街上独自徘徊。(2)the greatest number of laws stopping.是动名词的复合结构，作宾语。the greatest number of laws是动名词stopping.的逻辑主语。动名词复合结构的构成是“物主代词或名词所有格动名词，”这种结构通常在句中作主语或宾语。Do you mind my smoking here？你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？Rogers being careless caused so much trouble.罗杰的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。注意：动名词的复合结构不作主语时也可用人称代词的宾格形式或名词的普通格形式作动名词的逻辑主语。I am sure of her coming on time.我相信她会准时来的。He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.他从来没有听说过女人当飞行员。【即境活用】National Day _people singing and dancing happily in the street.Asaid Bsaw Creported DannouncedAt the beginning of class, the noise of desks _could be heard outside the classroom.Aopened and closedBto be opened and closedCbeing opened and closedDto open and closeB C 8vote vt.&vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决(教 材 原 句 )Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.(P34)黑人无权投票选择他们的领导人。【搭配】vote sb投某人的票vote to do sth投票干某事；一致认为做vote sb(to be)n.选某人当vote for投票支持vote against投票反对vote on对进行表决take/have a vote on对进行表决Lots of people had no right to vote.许多人没有选举权。They vote to choose a president.他们投票选举总统。We have voted him our monitor.我们选他当班长。Dilma Rousseff，who won 56% of the votes，was elected President of Brazil.迪尔玛罗塞夫获得了56%的选票，当选为巴西总统。【即境活用】填入适当的介词People vote _ Henry who often tells lies.Vote _ the man you can trust.As we cant agree on this matter，lets have a vote _ it.against for on 9.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.(P34)我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。【句式分析】这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。position为抽象意义上的地点，所以此处的in whichwhere。类似的名词还有situation，stage，case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句。【即境活用】完成句子你能想出一个我们可以使用这个词语的情况吗？Can you think of a _ we can use this expression?现在我们处于一个较好的境况中，今年可能会成功。We are now in a _ we can be very successful this year.situation where position where 10attack vt.&n.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害(教材原句)We chose to attack the laws.(P34)我们选择向法律进攻。The enemy planes attacked our city.敌机袭击了我们的城市。The newspapers attacked the Prime Minister because of the new law.由于这项新法令的颁布，各家报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。He was attacked with disease.他患病了。【归纳拓展】make an attack on/upon对发动攻击under attack遭到袭击；遭到抨击a heart attack心脏病突发The city came under attack during the night.城市在夜间遭到袭击。【即境活用】The government was _ by the press.(2013长春高一检测)Aattracted Battacked Cbeaten Dgot解析句意：政府受到媒体的抨击。attract吸引；attack攻击，进攻；beat打击；get得到。结合句意应选B。答案B11 .only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(P34)只是在那时我们才决定以暴制暴。此句运用倒装。当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构，将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。【即境活用】完成句子昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是个令人吃惊的消息。Only yesterday _ tell him the truth，which was a big surprise to him.他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Only by shouting _ able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.did his father was he 12blow up(1)炸毁，(使)炸得粉碎The enemy attempted to blow up the bridge.敌人企图炸毁桥梁。(2)给充气，打气My bikes tyres need blowing up.我的自行车需要打气了。(3)大发雷霆I was surprised at the way he blew up at Hardy.他对着哈迪发火的样子让我很吃惊。【归纳拓展】blow down刮倒blow off(美俚)不重视，轻视blow out吹灭，熄灭blow over刮倒，吹散【一目了然】We had planned to blow up the bridge but our bombs failed to explode.我们原本计划炸掉大桥，但炸弹没有爆炸。blow up 用来指人“(用炸药)炸毁”楼房等物体；explode用于炸弹等“爆炸”或“使(炸弹等)爆炸”。图解blow up一词多义：【即境活用】选词填空(off/out/down/up)The wind blew _many trees in the area.The boy closed his eyes and made a wish before the candles were blown _.Leaves were blown _the tree.The soldiers blew _the building.down out off up 13equal adj.相等的；平等的(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(P34)但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。【搭配】be equal to与相等；胜任，能应付be equal with与平等Women demand equal pay for equal work.女性要求同工同酬。Im sure Barbalas quite equal to the task.我确信巴巴拉完全有能力承担这项任务。A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.1磅约等于500克。They believe that in the sight of God the rich are equal with the poor.他们认为在上帝眼里富人和穷人是平等的。【归纳拓展】equal vt.比得上，敌得过equal sb in.在方面比得上某人equally adv.均等地equality n平等I cant equal him in strength.我没有他力气大。They can run equally fast.他们能跑得一样快。【即境活用】完成句子After a month of training，he _(胜任)the work as a tractor driver.Bill _(能够经营)the company.became equal to is quite equal to running 14in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(教材原句)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P35)当曼德拉身处困境时，伊莱亚斯去看他。Dont imagine that you are the only person in trouble.别想着就你一个人有麻烦事。If we cant keep to the schedule，well be in trouble.如果我们不按时完成计划就要倒霉了。【归纳拓展】get into trouble(使)陷入困境have trouble(in)doing sth/with sth做某事有困难take the trouble to do sth不辞劳苦干某事make trouble制造麻烦ask for trouble自找麻烦We must thank you for taking the trouble to make us a meal.我们一定要谢谢你不辞辛苦地为我们做饭。I hope you wont have any trouble with the work.我希望你做这项工作不会有什么困难。点津：have trouble with sth/(in)doing sth此结构中的trouble可与difficulty互换。【即境活用】完成句子I _(有 点 困 难 )learning English grammar.(trouble)Her son has _(有麻烦)again.(trouble)have a little trouble got into trouble 15turn to求助于；致力于(教材原句)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？(P35)为什么纳尔逊曼德拉要借助于暴力来实现黑人与白人之间的平等？He turned to me for help.他向我求助。She often turns to the book for guidance.她经常参考那本书。【归纳拓展】turn around/round转身turn down关小；拒绝turn in上缴；上交turn.into.把变成turn off关掉turn up出现，露面；调大turn out证明是，结果是；外出【即境活用】思考并根据语境填入恰当的介词或副词He said he was a doctor；but later he turned _ to be a cheat.It was too dark，and please turn _ the light.The meeting has already begun，but the chairman hasnt turned _ yet.If you finish your paper，please turn it _.out on up in