李曼李曼 惠波惠波 由欢由欢 刘亚丽刘亚丽 杨明月杨明月 马慧芝马慧芝Robert BrowningLife ExperiencevRobertBrowning(7May181212December1889)vEnglishpoetandplaywrightvMasterofdramaticverse,especiallydramaticmonologuesvOneoftheforemostVictorianpoetsRobertBrowningv1812:BorninCamberwell,asuburbofLondonv1824:begantowritepoetryv1833:hisfirstimportantpoem-Pauline-waspublishedv1835:hisnextpoem-Paracelsusv1837:tragedyStraffordv1845:BrowningmetElizabethBarrettandgotmarriedinthenextyear.v1861:AfterElizabethBrowningdied,hereturnedtoEngland,andbecamepartoftheLondonliterarycircle,thathisreputationstartedtotakeoff.v1889:hislastbook,Asolando,waspublishedthedayofhisdeath,December12,1889.vhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbey.His major works|MyLastDuchess我已故的公爵夫人|MeetingatNight月夜相会|PartingatMorning晨别|TheRingandtheBook指环与书|HomeThoughtsfromAbroad异国相思Other worksvPauline: A Fragment of a Confession (1833). (his first poem)vParacelsus (1835) vStrafford (play) (1837) vBells and Pomegranates No. I-VIII: Pippa Passes (play) (1841) vChristmas-Eve and Easter-Day (1850) vMen and Women (1855) vDramatis Personae (1864)MyLastDuchessPublishedin1842,thispoemisbasedonthelifeofAlfonsoII,dukeofFerrarainthesixteenthcentury.Thedukesfirstwifediedafterthreeyearsofmarriage.Setting and backgroundvInBrowningspoem,thedukeofFerraraismodeledafterAlfonsoII,thefifthandlastDukeoftheprincipality,whoruledFerrarafrom1559to1597butinthreemarriagesfatherednoheirtosucceedhim.TheportraitoftheDuchessvTheportraitofthelateDuchessofFerraraisafresco,atypeofworkpaintedinwatercolorsdirectlyonaplasterwall.SomePicturesabouttheDuchessDramatic monologueisapieceofspokenversethatoffersgreatinsightintothefeelingsofthespeaker.AformpracticedbyRobertBrowning戏剧独白是是一种通过剧中一角色的话语以揭示剧中的中心人物的性格特点的诗体”简言之戏剧独白就是是以一人之口吻以戏剧性的表现形式阐述微妙的人物关系从而凸显诗中各个人物的性格特点soliloquyis a device often used in drama whereby a character relates his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and to the audience without addressing any of the other characters, and is delivered often when they are alone or think they are alone. Soliloquyinaplayisthatthecharacterspeakstothemselves,dramaticmonologuessuggestanauditororauditors.1.A single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment .2.2.This person addresses and interacts with one or more other people.3.3.The main principle controlling the poets choice and formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speakers temperament and character.dramatic monologue Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall, 墙上的这幅画是我的前公爵夫人，Looking as if she were alive. I call看起来就像她活着一样。如今，That piece a wonder, now: Fr Pandolfs hands我称它为奇迹：潘道夫师的手笔brotherpandolfisafictitiouspainterwhopaintedtheportraitoftheduchess.(fraisanitalianwordforfriar,meaningbrother)intheageoftherenaissance,manypaintersandartistswerefriars.Workedbusilyaday,andthereshestands.终日忙碌，从此她就在此站立。Willtpleaseyousitandlookather?Isaid你愿坐下看看她吗？我有意提起FraPandolfbydesign,forneverread潘道夫，因为生客（例如你）Strangerslikeyouthatpicturedcountenance,凡是见了画中描绘的面容、purposelyforstrangerslikeyouneverlookedatthatfaceinthepicture.The depth and passion of its earnest glance,那真挚的眼神透露的深邃和热情 no respect and not mention loveBut to myself they turned (since none puts by没有一个不转向我（因为除我外strangersalwaysturnedtome.ThecurtainIhavedrawnforyou,butI)再没有别人把画上的帘幕拉开Andseemedastheywouldaskme,iftheydurst,似乎他们想问我可是又不大敢问；iftheydare.sincenonebutihavetherighttodrawthecurtaibehindwhichtheportraitishungHowsuchaglancecamethere;so,notthefirst这样的眼神是从哪儿来的？Areyoutoturnandaskthus.你并非第一个人回头这样问我。Of joy into the Duchess cheek: perhaps 使公爵夫人面带欢容，可能Sir,twasnotHerhusbandspresenceonly,calledthatspot先生，不仅仅是她在座的丈夫Itwasnotherhusbandspresencethatcausedthatblushtoappear.She was a modest person who got embarrassed by complimentsFraPandolfchancedtosay“Hermantlelaps潘道夫偶然说过：“夫人的披风Overmyladyswristtoomuch,or“Paint盖住她的手腕太多，”或者说：WrapsroundMustneverhopetoreproducethefaint“隐约的红晕向颈部渐渐隐没，Half-flushthatdiesalongherthroat:”suchstuff这绝非任何颜料所能复制。”Thedimreddishblushthatgraduallydisappearsalongherthroat.Wascourtesy,shethought,andcauseenough这种无聊话，却被她当成好意，Suchfoolishwordswereactsofpolitenessandrespect.Forcallingupthatspotofjoy.Shehad也足以唤起她的欢心。她那颗心Aheart-howshallIsay?-toosoonmadeglad,怎么说好呢？要取悦容易得很，Tooeasilyimpressed;shelikedwhateer也太易感动。她看到什么都喜欢，TooeasilyenthusiasmpurityShelookedon,andherlookswenteverywhere.而她的目光又偏爱到处观看。Shelovedtoseeeverything.The Dukes jealousy; he starts to reveal more than he plannedSir,twas all one!my favor at her breast, AllthefollowthingsmeantthesametoherThegiftIgaveherwhichsheworeatherbreast先生，她对什么都一样！她胸口上先生，她对什么都一样！她胸口上The dropping of the daylight in the West,佩戴的我的赠品，或落日的余光；佩戴的我的赠品，或落日的余光；The bough of cherries some officious foolsomeofficiousfool：someobligingpersonOverzealous过于殷勤的过分殷勤的傻子过分殷勤的傻子Would draw from her alike the approving speech,都会使她同样地赞羡不绝，都会使她同样地赞羡不绝，Or blush, at least. 8）She thanked men, - good! but thanked Aparenthetical(插句的，放在括号里的)remarkspokenbytheDuke或至少泛起红晕。她感激人好的！或至少泛起红晕。她感激人好的！Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule 在园中攀折一枝樱桃给她在园中攀折一枝樱桃给她She rode with round the terrace - all and each 或她骑着绕行花圃的白骡或她骑着绕行花圃的白骡所有这一所有这一切，切，Heronlycrimewasenjoyinglifeandnotrespectinghisrank/titlemy gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name referstotheDukesfamilybeinganancientfamilywithalonghistoryof900years仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第Somehow - I know not how - as if she ranked 但她的感激（我说不上怎么搞的）但她的感激（我说不上怎么搞的）HisonlyprideisinhiswealthyfamilynameWith anybodys gift. Whod stoop to blame 与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意This sort of trifling? Even had you skill Whowouldloweroneselftofindfaultwiththiskindoffrivolousbehaviour?屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止？即使屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止？即使In speech - (which I have not) - to make your willHeaccidentallyrevealsmoreofhisweaknesses你有口才（我却没有）能把你的意志你有口才（我却没有）能把你的意志Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this referringtotheDuchess给这样的人充分说明：给这样的人充分说明：“你这点你这点Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss, 或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远，或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远，表示公爵认为公爵夫人做的不够好Or there exceed the mark - and if she let Inthismatteryouarenotdoingenough,inthatmatteryouaredoingtoomuch.而那儿你超越了界限。而那儿你超越了界限。”即使她肯听即使她肯听Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set 你这样的训诫你这样的训诫Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse, sethermindagainstyoumindIfherletherselfbeadmonishedinthisway,anddonotarguewithyou毫不为自己辩解，毫不为自己辩解，我也觉得我也觉得indeedAndapologized -Een then would be some stooping; and I chooseNever to stoop. EveninthatcaseitwouldmeanthatIshouldbeloweringmydignity;eveninthatcaseIshouldlosemyfullydignity弯腰这会有失身份，所以我选择这会有失身份，所以我选择绝不屈尊。绝不屈尊。Wheneer I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together. There she standsNever to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,绝不屈尊。哦，先生，她总是在微笑，每逢我走过；但是谁人走过得不到同样慷慨的微笑？发展至此，我下了令：于是一切微笑都从此制止。As if alive. Willt please you rise? Well meetThe company below, then. I repeat,The Count your masters known munificenceIs ample warrant that no just pretenceOf mine for dowry will be disallowed;她站在那儿，像活着一样。请你起身客人们在楼下。我再重复一声：你的主人伯爵先生闻名的大方足以充分保证：我对嫁妆提出任何合理要求都不会遭拒绝；adequatepurpose保证慷慨给予,宽宏大量Though his fair daughters self, as I avowedAt starting, is my object. Nay, well goTogether down, sir. NoticeNeptune,though,Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!当然如我开头声明的，他美貌的小姐才是我追求的目标。别客气，让咱们一同下楼吧。但请看这海神尼普顿在驯服海马，这是件珍贵的收藏，是克劳斯为我特制的青铜铸像。承认,宣布referstothestatueofNeptune,theromansea-god浇铸ThemevThe main themes are power, influence, marriage, aristocracy and egoism. It is possible to use blanket terms such as love and death when commenting on themes, yet love does not seem to play on the dukes mind heavily. At least he does not love women, however he does love the painting and gains joy from intimidating the messenger by commenting onhowhe had her killed. Death does occur prior to the poem, but can only be considered as an expression of the dukes control and not a comment on death itself. CharacterDukeDuchessselfishgreedyimpreious cruelhypocriticalenthusiasmpurityequalityvDramatic monologue vRhyme rhyming pentameter linesv (压韵的抑扬格双行诗压韵的抑扬格双行诗)v The lines do not employ end-stops; rather, they use enjambmentgthat is, sentences and other grammatical units do not necessarily conclude at the end of lines. v夫人的命运像画像本身，公爵的所有物，豪华建筑的装饰品，是主人用来炫耀的物品既然是是物品就不能有超出主人要求之外的行为否则等待它的就是是毁灭，这样一种完全失衡的夫妻关系不可避免地导致了公爵夫人最后的公爵夫人最后的悲剧v公爵对其夫人的指责主要集中在她对别人和对自己同样友善这种不分阶级不分贵贱的友善在公爵看来是是无法接受的因为一方面强烈的阶级意识让公爵觉得其夫人的言行是是对自己高贵身份的一种亵渎是是对贵族优雅的一种破坏而另一方面强烈的控制欲又让公爵觉得其夫人的言行是是对自己权威的一种挑战就像一个狱卒喜欢看到囚犯战战兢兢的模样一旦囚犯有超乎自己控制之外的言行他就觉得失落和愤怒v从这里看来这样的愤怒和指责毫无道理它只能凸显出公爵的势利和冷酷同时刻画出公爵夫人公爵夫人和善、亲切、纯洁的个性此外公爵的控制欲在诗歌的结尾也有体现公爵体现公爵向来使介绍另外一件收藏海神尼普顿驯服海马这件收藏同样也有象征意义很显然公爵就像海神而前公爵夫人公爵夫人就是是可怜的海马公爵希望其夫人是是自己强大力量之下的一个禁脔这幅画和诗歌开头公爵夫人公爵夫人的画像首位呼应形象地刻画出公爵的傲慢和冷酷