FIFA GrassrootsCharacteristics of children 国国际际足足联联草根足球草根足球青少年的特点青少年的特点GENERAL ASPECTS概要概要Children pass through various stages through their development.青少年的开展会经历不同的阶段Different needs, attitudes and growth periods.不同的需求，态度和成长阶段Physical, physiological and psychological aspects.身体，生理和心理层面DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS开展特点开展特点6-8 YEARS OLD6-8岁岁Characteristics特点 Fragile, growing period.身体素质力量较弱Limited attention and concentration.缺乏注意力和集中力Great imitation (visual memory).极强的模仿能力视觉记忆Loves the game and plays for himself.热爱足球，为自我而战Want to have fun.得到快乐的欲望Contents of training训练内容Basic skills.根本技术Exercises for beginners.初学者级别的练习方法Small sided games: 4x4, 5x5.小范围的比赛：4x4, 5x5Alternance between exercises and games.练习和比赛交替进行Groups or teams balanced.分组和分队实力平均ROLE OF THE COACH EDUCATOR教练员讲师的职责教练员讲师的职责6-8 YEARS OLD6-8岁岁Secures and organise games and exercises.确保比赛和训练的平安性和组织性Demonstrates exercises.进行示范Simplified language and imaginery.表述语言简练，演示简短清晰Few intervention let play.较少暂停 更多队员练习时间Pedagogy of encouragement.多给与队员鼓励DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS开展特点开展特点9-10 YEARS OLD9-10岁岁Characteristics特点Increased endurance and speed.耐力和速度力量的增加Improved coordination.更好的协调性Significant visual memory.更好的视觉记忆High self-confidence.充足的自信Capacity to argue.分析的能力Wants to learn and discover.学习和开掘的欲望Group spirit, collective sense.团队精神，团队意识Contents of training训练内容Basic skills (football basics).根本技术足球专项技术Basic organisation of the team.队伍的根本构成Speed, alertness, reaction, coordination.速度，灵敏，反响，协调性Training games.训练比赛Small sided games: 5x5, 7x7.小范围比赛：5x5, 7x7Alternance between exercises and games.比赛与练习相互交替Groups or teams balanced.分组和分队实力平均ROLE OF THE COACH EDUCATOR教练员讲师的职责教练员讲师的职责9-10 YEARS OLD9-10岁岁Methodology and pedagogy of teaching.教育与教学的方法Technical and emotional leader.给予技术和心理的指导Capacity of organisation and communication.组织与沟通的能力Team spirit.团队精神General knowledge of football.具备根本的足球知识Demonstration, execution, correction.具备演示，执行和纠正的能力Pedagogy of encouragement.多给予队员鼓励DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS开展特点开展特点11-12 YEARS OLD11-12岁岁Characteristics特点Significant changes in their body. 较大的生理变化Better balance and coordination. 更好的平衡和协调能力Increase in the visual and auditory memory.更好的视觉和听觉记忆Critical thinking, ability to discuss. 批判思想，分析的能力More attention.较高的注意力Wish to learn.求知的欲望Affirmation of himself/herself.具有主见Development of competitive work.对抗能力的提高Team spirit.团队精神Contents of training训练内容Speed, alertness and reaction. 速度，灵敏和反响Coordination. 协调性Basic football.根本技术Basic organisation of the team: 3-2-3.根本队伍构成：3-2-3General principles and animation of the games.比赛根本原那么和跑位演练Control of space.场上空间的控制Small sided games: 5x5, 7x7, 9x9.小场地比赛：5x5, 7x7, 9x9Encourage creativity.鼓励队员的创造性Individual initiative.个人的主动性ROLE OF THE COACH EDUCATOR教练员讲师的职责教练员讲师的职责11-12 YEARS OLD11-12岁岁Methodology and pedagogy of teaching.教育与教学的方法Sense of team spirit.团队精神Quality of conduct.练习的质量Knowledge of football.足球知识Language and communication skills.交流与沟通的能力Learning through playing.通过练习进行学习Animate the group.鼓励团队合作Demonstration, execution, correction.演示，执行和纠正Pedagogy of encouragement.给予队员更多鼓励PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH教学方法教学方法Preparation of the session.训练课的准备paper with the session written.书面的训练教案objectives.目标planning of necessary time and space.必须时间和空间的准备adaption / individualisation for the children.适应青少年队员的特点及培养个性球员Organisation of the session.训练课的组织set up the field.场地的准备material and first aid kit.急救药物的准备organisation of the teams / groups.团队/小组的组织duration and evolution of the exercises.练习的长度和评价PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH教学方法教学方法To conduct the session.训练课的执行simple and comprehensive explanation of the objectives of the session.简短，全面的训练课目标讲解presentation of the contents.练习内容的讲解organisation of the groups / teams, depending on the characteristics of the group.小组和团队的构成，根据小组队员的特点To finish the session.结束训练课gather children and return to calm.聚集队员，放松evaluation and introduction for the next meeting. 总结和下堂课简单介绍collect material.收集训练器材organisation of the departure of children.安排队员离开场地MIXED GENDER男女混合男女混合Children are separated by age or level, not by their gender.根据年龄和水平分组，不根据性别No difference between girls and boys until the age of 12-13 years old.男女队员到12-13岁时才会逐渐显露差异Better tolerance and education. Mutual respect.彼此帮助和更好的教育程度。相互尊敬。Positive effect on their 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