阅读理解解题技法示范（四）饮食与健康类高考典题 1 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. 2 According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal. 3 After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. 4 In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.（建议用时：8分钟）题目试做53In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?AThey go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. BThey squeeze eating between the other daily activities.CThey regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.DThey usually eat too much canned and frozen food.54This text is mainly the relationship between _.AAmericans and the FrenchBlifestyle and obesityCchildren and adultsDfast food and overweight55The text is mainly developed _.Aby contrast Bby spaceCby process Dby classification56Where does this text probably come from?AA TV interview.BA food advertisement.CA health report.DA book review.解题示范一、文章这样读读文章作标记11时间和概念名词用表示2态度词和语气词用表示3极端词和程度词用表示4逻辑词和关系词用表示 1 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. 2 According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal. 3 After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. 4 In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.破解生僻词汇2can aux. 能，可以v. 罐装破解方法通过解释通过原文“Americans drive to hugesupermarkets to buy canned andfrozenfoodsfortheweek.”的描述可知此处指美国人通常去大超市购买这一周所需的罐装和冷冻食品。can在此被用作动词，意为“罐装”。obesity n肥胖，过度肥胖破解方法通过解释由最后一段中第一个破折号后的“orextreme overweight”可知，这是对obesity一词的解释。故其意思是“过度肥胖”。破解长难句3They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.并列分句一并列分句二定语译文：他们享受食物，因此他们把很多时间都花在了餐桌上，然而美国人把吃看成是从其他的日常活动中挤出来的活动。They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.理清文章脉络4本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是生活方式和健康之间的联系，美国人与体重作斗争，而法国人消耗了丰富的食物，却很瘦。这主要是因为生活方式的问题。 1 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.提出论点。生 活 方 式不 同 、 饮食 习 惯 不同 影 响 着美 国 人 和法 国 人 的体 重 与 健康。 2 According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal.给出论据。说明美、法两国人胖瘦不同的具体原因，并以一名法国作家为例，说明保持苗条的重要性。3 After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.4 In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.得出结论。法国人的生活方式受到了影响，法国儿童的肥胖率正在上升。二、题目这样做53根据Dr.JosephMercola的观点，法国人在哪方面不同于美国人？(1)通过题干和选项确定题目类型，定位信息源题型判定：信息定位：由题干中的“differentfrom”可定位信息源为文章的细节理解题第二段第一、二句选项译文文中表述比对结果A他们去超市更频繁。B他们从其他的日常活动中挤出来吃的时间。C他们把吃看成是生活的一个重要部分。D他们经常吃过多的罐装和冷冻食品。第二段最后一句，法国人购物比美国人更频繁，但他们去的是smallshops而非supermarkets。曲解文意第二段第二句，这是美国人而不是法国人的做法。张冠李戴法国人把吃看成是生活的一个重要部分，而美国人认为吃是从其他的日常行为中挤出来的活动。合理推断(正确选项)第二段第五句，是美国人而不是法国人吃罐装和冷冻食品多。张冠李戴(2)将选项与原文信息比对，确定答案54本文主要讲的是_之间的关系。(1)通过题干和选项确定题目类型，定位信息源题型判定：信息定位：由题干中的“therelationship”可定位信息源为文章的主旨大意题全文，尤其是第一段选项译文文中表述比对结果A美国人与法国人B生活方式与肥胖C儿童与成年人D快餐与肥胖文章主要通过法、美两国人生活习惯的对比，说明饮食与肥胖的关系。曲解文意第一段提出问题：为什么美国人与体重作斗争，而法国人消耗了丰盛的食物，却很瘦？下面通过对比说明生活方式会导致肥胖。合理推断(正确选项)儿童与成年人只是用来举例说明问题的。曲解文意最后一段，法国孩子因吃美式快餐而肥胖只是作者想说明的问题的其中一个方面。以偏概全(2)将选项与原文信息比对，确定答案55文章主要是_方式展开的。(1)通过题干和选项确定题目类型，定位信息源题型判定：信息定位：由题干中的“developed”可定位信息源为文章的推理判断题全文选项译文文中表述比对结果A通过比较B通过空间C通过过程D通过分类本文对美国人和法国人的饮食习惯及带来的影响进行了比较。合理推断(正确选项)文中无此表述。无中生有文中无此表述。无中生有文章对法、美两国人的购物方式、吃的食物、吃的时间、不同人群的饮食等进行了对比，而不是分类。曲解文意(2)将选项与原文信息比对，确定答案56这篇文章可能出自哪里？(1)通过题干和选项确定题目类型，定位信息源题型判定：信息定位：由题干中的“comefrom”可定位信息源为文章的推理判断题全文选项译文文中表述比对结果A电视采访。B食品广告。C健康报道。D书评。文中无此表述。无中生有文章主要讲法、美两国人购物方式、吃的食物、吃的方式等的不同，以此来说明谁吃得更健康。曲解文意本文主要讨论了由于美国人和法国人对于饮食的不同态度而导致了体重上的差异，所以推断出文章应该来自健康方面的话题。合理推断(正确选项)文中无此表述。无中生有(2)将选项与原文信息比对，确定答案Goodbye!