GrammarModule5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaShe is a _ girl.lovelyThis is a _cup.teaThere are _ children.threeShe is a woman _.withababyinherarmThis is a film_ Hero.calledThis is a _ bird.flying定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫叫定定语从句。语从句。例：例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasadrunk.先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等代替代替Thatisthebikewhichmyfatherboughtforme.先行词先行词关系词关系词bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分中充当某种成分,还代替先行词。还代替先行词。1.定定义：在复合句中修在复合句中修饰某一名某一名词或代或代词的从句的从句,叫定叫定语从句。又称形容从句。又称形容词性从句。性从句。2.先行先行词：被定被定语从句修从句修饰的名的名词或代或代词。3.关系代关系代词关系副关系副词： 引引导定定语从句的从句的词。关系代关系代词关系副关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,where,why在定在定语从句中作主从句中作主语、宾语、定、定语在定在定语从句中作状从句中作状语定定语从句从句(AttributiveClauses)关系代词关系代词定语从句常用的关系代词有：定语从句常用的关系代词有：that,who(m),whose,which等。等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省）作宾语时可省）1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.2)Whowashurtintheaccidentthathappenedyesterday?Whowashurtintheaccidentwhichhappenedyesterday?3)Haveyoufoundthebikethatyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebikewhichyoulost?Haveyoufoundthebike省略省略youlost?2.which指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。作宾语可以省略。(which与与that指物时可以互相代替，指物时可以互相代替，that更常见。）更常见。）1)HisfatherworksinafactorythatmakesTVsets.HisfatherworksinafactorywhichmakesTVsets.2)Thefilmthatwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasverywonderful.Thefilm省略省略wesawlastnightwasverywonderful.3.who指人指人(既它的先行词必须是人既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语在从句中作主语或宾语。但或宾语。但whom是宾格是宾格,只能作宾语。只能作宾语。(that有时也指有时也指人，代替人，代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语可作主语或宾语)1)Thegirlswhowerentbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.Thegirlsthatwerentbadlyhurtintheaccidentaremyclassmates.2)Heknewtheteacherwhowemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacherwhomwemetyesterday.Heknewtheteacher(that)wemetyesterday.4.whose是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可它既可以代人也可以代物。以代物。qIsawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.Isawawomanthebagofwhomwasstolen.qIllcallaperson.Hisfatherknowsyou.Illcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou.qPleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred.1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.2)Sheisthegirl(whom)Iwentwiththere.SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省关系词可以省略略)注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:lookafter,lookatHerearethepicture-booksthatthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-bookswhichthechildrenarelookingfor.Herearethepicture-booksthechildrenarelookingfor.关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有数种作用。种作用。o在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点。指代地点。(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/in/duringwhich)why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whenwherewhy关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词的用法不可省略不可省略时间时间地点地点原因原因状语状语状语状语状语状语when 在定在定语从句中作从句中作时间状状语，先行，先行词往往是表往往是表示示时间的名的名词。相当于。相当于介介词+which。若定若定语从句从句缺主缺主语或或宾语，需用，需用which或或that引引导定定语从句。从句。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.Illneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.onwhichwhere在定在定语从句中作地点状从句中作地点状语，先行，先行词往往是表示地点往往是表示地点的名的名词。相当于。相当于“介介词+which”。若定若定语从句缺主从句缺主语或或宾语，用，用which或或that引引导定定语从句从句ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Thelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.inwhichwhere引引导的定的定语从句也可以修从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance等先行等先行词。Therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?why在定在定语从句中作原因状从句中作原因状语，常位于，常位于reason之后，之后，相当于相当于forwhich。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项v有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that，而不宜用，而不宜用which。1.先行词被形容词最高级，序数词以及先行词被形容词最高级，序数词以及thevery,theonly修饰时修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything等不定代词等不定代词时时,只能用只能用that引导从句。引导从句。Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.Notallthatglittersisgold.3.先行词既有人也有物时先行词既有人也有物时,只能用只能用that引出从句。引出从句。Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.4.先行词是先行词是oneof,theone,或用或用little,few,no,all,any作修饰，用作修饰，用that。Isittheonethatyouwant?Wehaventgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.5.当主句是以当主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系开头的特殊疑问句时，关系词用词用that。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.when C.thatD.where2.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which3.Thisisthestore_wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which4.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom5.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that7.Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where8.ThehouseIgrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich9.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich10.Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever11.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why12.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what13.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanets_lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose14.Ivebecomegoodfriendwithseveralofthestudentinmyschool_ImeetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which15.Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what16.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich17.Abankistheplace_theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there18.Thedaysaregone_physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames_hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin_hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.5.Pleasetellmethereason_youmissedtheplane. who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空 why7.Thisisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago.8.Thisisthefactory_makestoys.9.Heistheboy_familywaspoor.10.Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.where/inwhichwhosewhich/thatwithwhich1.在踢足球的男孩在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。是一班的。Theboys_arefromClassOne.2.他有一个朋友的父他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。是医生。Hehasafriend_.3.我仍然我仍然记得第一次得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。到詹妮弗的那一天。Istillremembertheday_.whosefatherisadoctor汉译英汉译英whoareplayingfootballmetJenniferwhenIfirst4.她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。Sheisthegirl_.5.这就是那个去年我待的地方。就是那个去年我待的地方。Thisisthecity_Istayedlastyear.=ThisisthecitywhereIstayedlastyear.withwhomIwentthereinwhich6.我永我永远不会忘不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。我和你待在一起的日子。Illneverforgetthesedays_Istayedwithyou.=IllneverforgetthesedayswhenIstayedwithyou.in/duringwhich