*现在完成时现在完成时* 现在完成时是由助动词现在完成时是由助动词have（has）+过去分词过去分词构成构成其否定句在其否定句在Have/has后加后加not. 一般疑问句把一般疑问句把have/has提到主语前提到主语前. 动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样）动词的过去分词：规则变化（和过去时一样） 不规则变化：不规则变化：不规则变化：不规则变化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,例如例如I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just（刚刚）（刚刚）, already（已经）（已经）, before, yet（一般疑问：已经；否定（一般疑问：已经；否定句：还）句：还） never, ever等状语连用等状语连用 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 2。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也。表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和通常和 for（段时间）（段时间）, since（点时间）（点时间） 引导的时间状语连用引导的时间状语连用.以及以及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等连用。等连用。I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 从从1989年，年， I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意点一：注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任教了）在已经不在这儿任教了）Put the following sentences into English.1.A: 火车已经开走了火车已经开走了.2. B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的?3. A: 半个小时之前开走的半个小时之前开走的.2.A: 这本书我已经买了两年了这本书我已经买了两年了.3. B: 你在哪儿买的你在哪儿买的?4. A: 在我老家买的在我老家买的.3.A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗?4. B: 看过看过.5. A: 什么时候看的什么时候看的.6. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时注意点二、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to)begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我买我买一本新词典已有一星期了。一本新词典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他们来这儿已经两天了。他们来这儿已经两天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已他已入团两年了。入团两年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.这个人已经死了几年了。这个人已经死了几年了。1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadD注意点三：注意点三：have been in, have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空A: Where _1_ Li Fei _1_?B: He _2_ to Hainan Island.A: How long _3_ he _3_ there?B: He _4_ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _5_ never _5_ there.A: How many times _6_ Li Fei _6_ to that place?B: He _7_ there only once. 用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.