专四听力理解-新闻测试目的：学生能否听懂VOA或BBC节目里的各类新闻报道题目构成：共10道题（通常有5篇新闻报道）新闻语速：120w/m关于新闻听力的分析包括：题材内容文体特征常考题型提高新闻听力的技巧方法一、新闻的题材内容国际政治外交军事经济贸易科学技术能源交通工业、农业文化教育体育卫生法律宗教社会问题灾难报道等专四中经常出现的新闻题材进行分类：政治新闻国际领导人之间的会谈（SummitMeetingandTalks）特点：内容结构较简单（某人某时到某国访问，与何人会晤，商谈何事，随同人员有何人等）要求：熟悉常见官衔、当政者姓名（首脑及正要）、国家名和首都名熟悉各国政治体制名称，政党名称熟悉世界重要组织名称（缩写词和全名）熟悉当前各领域重要政治术语，经济术语等。Six-nationtalks六方会谈AsiaPacificEconomicCooperation（APEC）例题：例题： NATO andRussiaarereportingsomeprogressineffortstofinalizeachartergoverningtheirpost-cold-warrelationship.Buttheystressedmoreworkmustbedonetosettletheirdifferencesinmilitary and political issues.A fifth round of talksbetweentheRussianforeign ministerandNATOSecretary GeneralendedonTuesdayinLuxembourg.两国或多国关系（InternationalRelations）国家领导人的政策性讲话，关系到国家关系处理上原则、立场、态度、愿望、条件等语言较文采，理解有难度处理国家关系中的具体活动报道进展如何、有何波折等语言平易，较好理解军事纠纷（Fighting）时间、地点、武器名称、参战实力、战斗经过、人员伤亡、装备损失等注意新闻来源（各新闻社在报道新闻时会有观点倾向性。）例题：尼日利亚重新加入英联邦Nigeriawassuspendedformthe54-nationgroupofmainlyformerBritish coloniesin1995afteritexecuted9minorityrightsactivistsincludingwriterKenThewrawiwa.Butnowthatthecountryhasembarkedonthereturntodemocracy,commonwealthheadsofgovernmenthaveagreedtoendthisestrangementSecretaryGeneralChiefOrmigaAnyacosaidinastatement:“IamdelightedanunfortunateepisodeinNigeriacommonwealthrelationswillnowcometoanendandNigeriaisresuming its rightful place（恢复席位）（恢复席位）intheCommonwealth.”军事新闻例题利比亚内战：UpdatedTueMar8,201112:46amAEDT/ABCNewsAsbattlescontinuetoragetothewestandeastofthecapitalTripoli,theUnitedNationshasexpressedconcernabouttheplightofthosecaughtupintheconflictandtheUnitedStateshasbeenurgedtoarmtheoppositionrebels.Pro-Gaddafitroops（亲卡扎菲军）havelaunchedmajorassaultsinthreetownsheldbytheopposition,withfighterjets,attackhelicoptersandartilleryusedtostrikeinMisrata,ZawiyahandtheeasternoilportofRasLanuf.Therebelsbeganpullingbackfromthekeyoil-terminalcentreofRasLanufonMondayasafighterjetblasteddefensesontheedgeoftown,throwinguppallsofsmokeamidrumorsthatgovernmentforcesweregearingforanattack.示威抗议（Demonstrations）政治性示威和平进军、反核武器示威、反种族隔离、反独裁等经济性示威反对物价上涨、提高工资、改善工作条件、缩短工时等含暴力冲突警察、警棍（bludgeon）、催泪弹（tearbomb）、高压水枪（highpressuregun）等内容特点：示威地点、时间、人数、原因、经过、与警方冲突情况、伤亡与逮捕人数等。InArgentina,civilservantshelda24-hourstrikeyesterdaytoprotestpaycutsof12%-15%foranyoneearningmorethat1000USdollarsamonth.Publicserviceunionsandlocalteamstersplantoholdtheprotestrallyinfrontofthegovernmenthouse.TheworkstoppagecomesatthelastFridaysgeneralstrikewhenmanyofArgentinas12millionworkersstayedhomeafterthenationspowerfulGeneralWorkerConfederation,thenationslargestuniongroup,calledaone-daystriketoprotestspendingcutsandfreemarketreforms.(阿根廷公务员抗议对月收入超出1000美元的市民增加税率的报道)选举（Elections）各国选举制度不同过程较长较复杂熟悉党派名称（包括什么叫执政党rulingparty，多数党majoritygovernment，反对党oppositionparties，政党联盟coalition等）内容特点：政党执政策略政见分歧党内矛盾等例题：法国联合反对党击败以总统为首的保守党联盟的新闻。Thecombinedleft-wing oppositioninFrancehaddefeatedPresidentJaqueChiracruling conservation coalitioninthefirst roundofthecountrysparliamentary electionsbyFrenchTVgivetheSocialist-ledopposition40%ofthevoteandMr.Chiracscenter-rightcoalition37%.Iftheleftsecuresthemajorityofseatsinparliament,Socialist leaderLeonoJospinwouldlikelybecomeprimeministerinthepower-sharing arrangement（共同执政）withPresidentChirac（总统希拉克）.恐怖行动（Terrorism）为了特定的政治或宗教目的，有计划地使用暴力或威胁对抗政府或平民的行为。美国“911”事件伦敦地铁爆炸俄罗斯车臣武装运动西班牙马德里火车爆炸案等http:/news.yahoo.comBy DANIEL WOOLLS Daniel Woolls FriMar11,9:06amETSpain marks 7th anniversary of terror attacksMADRIDSpaniardsclutchedflowersandfellsilentFridayastheymarkedtheseventh anniversary of the bombings that killed 191 people on Madrids commuter rail system in Europes worst Islamic terror attack. IncentralPuertadelSolsquare,politiciansdressedinblackplacedalaurelwreathatastoneplaqueetchedinmemoryofthedeadandthenearly2,000peopleinjuredonMarch11,2004.Theythenobservedafewminutesofsilence.Outsidethecity,agranitemonumentwasinauguratedattheElPozotrainstation,oneoffoursiteswhereatotalof10backpacksstuffedwithexplosivesandshrapneldetonatedinsidemorningrushhourtrains.经济新闻复杂性（发达国家之间，发展中国家之间，发达国家和发展中国家之间的经济关系）美中贸易美日贸易欧盟经济合作和矛盾等联系性经济与政治、外交、军事等关注各类经济谈判，经济政策等天灾人祸新闻具有超强的市场价值包含西方新闻价值的要素西方对灾难事件的报道反应迅速、事实准确，不隐瞒负面因素，展示灾难细节等。CNN,ABC,BBC等(CNN)-Approximately2,000bodieswerefoundMondayinMiyagi（宫城县）PrefectureonJapansnortheastcoast,theKyodonewsagencyreported.（京都新闻社）-3.14Ifconfirmed,thediscoverywouldbethelargestyetofvictimsfromlastweeksdevastatingearthquakeandtsunami.Roughly1,000bodieswerefoundcomingashoreonMiyagisOjikaPeninsula,whileanother1,000wereseeninthetownofMinamisanriku,wheresome10,000peopleareunaccountedfor,Kyodoreported.OfficialssaidearlierMondaythattheofficialdeathtollfromthedisasterstandsat1,627,withmoremissing.Asof10:00a.m.Monday(9:00p.m.SundayET),atleast1,720peopleweremissingand1,962injured,accordingtotheNationalPoliceAgencyEmergencyDisasterHeadquarters.Thenumberofdeadisexpectedtogoupasrescuersreachmorehard-hitareas.二、新闻报道文体特征1.结构特点2.句法特点3.词汇特点1.结构特点1.倒金字塔结构（theinvertedpyramidform）1.指在新闻报道中把最重要的新闻事实放在整个新闻报道的开头，作为导语（lead），次要的新闻事实放在导语后，把最不重要的新闻放在末尾。2.导语：报道的精华，对整个新闻的概括和中心思想。3.掌握新闻六要素：whenwherewhowhatwhyhow1.结构特点1.时间顺序结构（thechronologicalstyle）1.根据新闻事实发生的时间先后顺序做报道。2.多用于体育比赛，文艺演出，交通事故，灾难报道等3.包括三部分：1.导语（lead）2.按时间顺序叙述的新闻事实（facts）3.结尾（ending）4.要求：1.注意应对时间顺序颠倒的选项（考察记忆力）例题：InsouthernItalytoday,anine-storyapartmentbuildingcollapsedbeforedawn.Asmanyasninetypeoplewereinside.Somepeoplewererescuedbutmanypeopleweretrappedintherubblesandfourteenpeopleareconfirmedtobedead.例题：(CNN)-Approximately2,000bodieswerefoundMondayinMiyagi（宫城县）PrefectureonJapansnortheastcoast,theKyodonewsagencyreported.（京都新闻社）-3.14例题：【Latest News】8.8 magnitude earthquake rocks JapanA8.8magnitudeearthquakehitJapansnortheasternHonshuIslandFriday,andasix-metertsunamiwarningwasissued.JapanMeteorologicalAgencysaidearlierthatthequakewasmeasuredat7.9magnitudebuttheUSGeologicalSurveyupgradedlaterthequaketomagnitude8.8.Thequakestruckat2:46p.m.(05:46GMT)isfeltinalmostallareasinJapanspacificcoast,includingTokyoandOsaka.Thepowerfulquakestruck382kilometernortheastofTokyowithdepthof10kilometersundertheseabed.2.句法特点：新闻报道一般采用结构简短的句子，但为了在一个句子中包含较多新闻信息，长采用合并句子（sentencecombining）的方法，即把两句或两句以上的句子可包含的新闻事实放在一句话里，因此组成语法结构复杂、松散、冗长的句子。带分词结构的简单句：TheUShasdesignatedthirtyinternationalgroupsasterroristorganizations,barringthemfromreceivingmoney,weaponsorothersupportfromUScitizens.复合句带宾语从句的复合句大都接在say，tell，ask，report，quote，deny，confirm等一类动词后，表达内容比较重要，细节题目的出题点。带定语从句的复合句结构复杂，信息量大，是难点注意平时阅读新闻时抓住主题部分（corepart）例题：ReportshavesaidtheSovietUnionisbuildingbasesinSiberiathatwouldincreasethenumberofmedium-rangemissilesitcoulduseagainstAsiaorthemiddleEast.同位语人：职务、年龄、地址、专业等组织：地点、性质、等例题：TheWesternEuropeanUnion(西欧联盟),thedefenseorganizationlinkingmostcountriesoftheEuropeanCommunity,ismeetinginLuxembourgtodiscusswaystoreinforceeconomicsanctions.3.词汇特点地名、建筑物名称的借用TheWhiteHouse-美国政府thePentagon-美国国防部Pyongyang-指朝鲜国家Foggybottom-华盛顿，国务院所在地CapitalHill-美国国会Ovaloffice-总统办公室Downingstreet-英国首相官邸，可指英国政府，内阁等各国的首都都可用来指国家或政府，以及官方的报纸、电台、电视台等都有这种功能。新词语合成新词派生词antiastroautocompugeohypermultinonsupercracyzation新造词stickandcarrotpolicy（大棒加胡萝卜政策）competitiveproducts（拳头产品）长期使用的缩略词成为新单词OPECASEANOPEC：石油输出国组织OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountriesASEAN:东南亚国家联盟associationofSoutheastAsianNations三、新闻报道的常考题型1.客观题1.占新闻听力的大多数2.主要测试记忆力2.主观题1.考查判断、推理、综合、归纳的能力2.问题如下：1.Whatsthemainideaof.2.Whatcanyouinferfrom.3.Whatstatementistrue.4.Whichofthefourdescriptionsaccuratelydiscribes.四、提高新闻听力的技巧J精听和泛听相结合（进行大量训练）J积累必要词汇J实时关注国家，国际大事（贮备新闻背景）J常听、常看、常记