Section Learning about LanguageShe found it difficult to settle and calm down in thehiding place, because she was concerned about whether theywould be discovered.她发现很难在躲藏处安顿和平静下来，因为她很担心他们是否会被发现。1settle点拨(1)vi.安家；定居；停留Finally Karl Marx settled in London.最后卡尔马克思在伦敦定居下来。(2)vt.使定居；安排；解决We werent able to settle the problem by ourselves.我们没法自己解决这个问题。拓展运用settle down 定居下来；安下心来用 settle 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空These problems are impossible to _.His job is just to help new foreign students _.settle settle down She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn tolike it there.她饱受孤独之苦，但在那里她不得不学会喜欢它。2suffer点拨(1)vt.遭受；忍受；经历(其宾语常为痛苦、损害或不愉快的事等)Many great men had suffered poverty.许多伟人都经历过贫穷。(2)vi.受苦；患病；受损失He is still suffering after taking medicine.吃过药后，他依然感觉难受。拓展运用suffer from (尤指长期或经常性地)遭受；患病用 suffer 及其构成的短语的适当形式填空He _ terribly when his mother died.He _ several failures at the beginning ofhis senior school.When I was in my childhood, I always _bad colds.His business _ a lot during the war.suffered suffered suffered from suffered“Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirtycurtains and dusty windows，” Anne said to her father.安妮对父亲说：“我已经厌倦了透过肮脏的窗帘和满是尘土的窗户去看大自然。”3get/be tired of 对厌烦(后接名词、动名词等)典例She is/gets tired of his rude manners.她厌烦他的粗鲁行径。运用完成句子Most people _ ( 厌 烦 做 ) the same thingevery day.get/are tired of doing 本课时词汇拓展词汇构词法小结suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历suffering n痛苦；受难 1._跟在动词后构成名词，表 示行为或行为造成的事物的总称。 如：speaking 说话。 2_是名词后缀，指行为者。 如：writer 作者。 3_跟在动词或动词词根后 构成名词，表示“行为，动作，结 果”。如：argument 争论。 4_可构成抽象名词。如： harmony 和谐。settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决settlement n定居地；解决settler n移民recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n恢复；复原运用用所给单词的适当形式填空1 This war caused widespread human _.About13,000 people _ from poverty, starvation ( 饥 饿 ) andillness.(suffer)2 The doctors said that he was badly ill and unlikely to_.However, under his wifes good care, he has made aremarkable _.(recover)3Hundreds of years ago, many people _ at the footof the mountain and built their own village.Now it has become a_ for _ from all over the country.(settle)suffering sufferedrecover recovery settled settlement settlers She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hidingplace.她发现很难在躲藏处安顿和平静下来点拨finditadj.(for sb.)to do sth.意为“发现(某人)做某事怎么样”。其中 it 作形式宾语，其后的不定式短语为真正的宾语，其中的形容词作宾补。能用于这一结构的动词还有consider, feel, think, make 等。如：I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现做好这项工作不容易。Dont you consider it wrong to cheat in business?你不认为做生意行骗是不对的吗？Spaceships make it possible to travel to the moon.宇宙飞船使去月球成为可能。拓展(1)该结构中作宾补的成分除形容词外，还可以是名词。如：Do you find it a good idea to put off the meeting?你觉得推迟会议是个好主意吗？(2)该结构中的“itadj./n.to do”部分可以改写成一个宾语从句。如：I find it impossible to agree to your plan.I find (that) it is impossible to agree to your plan.我无法同意你的计划。运用完成句子 We _ ( 发 现 不 正 常 ) forhim to wear a coat in such a hot day.All of us considered _ (他是个有趣的人) after we heard his funny stories.find/found it unusual him an interesting man直接引语和间接引语 ()陈述句和疑问句的直接引语和间接引语直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，放在引号内；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，常构成宾语从句(祈使句可用动词不定式表达)。直接引语和间接引语可以互相转换。学习间接引语，要注意三个问题：(1)引导词；(2)语序(陈述句语序)；(3)时态。一、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等的变化规则1人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，人称的变化遵循这样的规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指如果引号中的主语及宾语是第一人称或被第一人称物主代词所修饰，那改成间接引语时从句中的人称要根据主句中主语的人称来变化。如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.”She said her_brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指若引号中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称物主代词所修饰，那改成间接引语时从句中的人称要跟主句的宾语一致。如果主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now？”He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指如果引号中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称物主代词所修饰，改为间接引语时从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr.Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时2时态的变化如果原句中主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词按照以下规则变化：如：Tom said, “We are listening to pop music.”Tom said that they were listening to pop music.He asked the conductor，“Where shall I get off to change to aNo.3 bus？”He asked the conductor where he would get off to changeto a No.3 bus.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework beforeyou watch TV？”Mother asked me whether I had finished my homeworkbefore I watched TV.注意：如果直接引语讲的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthenagobeforetodaythat daythis morningthat morning3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”，地点状语(尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语)由“此”改为“彼”。具体变化如下表：yesterdaythe day beforeyesterday morningthe morning beforetomorrowthe next day；the following day；the day afterthis week(month，year, etc.)that week (month, year, etc.)last week(month，year, etc.)the week (month, year, etc.) beforenext week(month, year, etc.)the week (month, year, etc.) after；the following week (month, year, etc.)heretherecomego（续表）二、陈述句与疑问句转换为间接引语1陈述句转述陈述句时，去掉标点符号和引号，用连接词 that 引导宾语从句，一个宾语从句前的 that 可省略，两个或两个以上的宾语从句的引导词 that 不可省；同时，从句中对人称、时态、指示代词等作相应的变化。如：Shirley says, “I dont want to do homework every day.”Shirley says (that) she doesnt want to do homework everyday.She said, “My family watched TV yesterday.”She said (that) her family had watched TV the day before.2疑问句(1) 一般疑问句：转述时，去掉引号和问号，用连接 词whether/if 引导宾语从句；同时注意将原来倒装的主谓顺序恢复为陈述语序；还有，从句中要对人称、时态、指示代词等作相应的变化。如：My friend asked me, “Do you like English？”My friend asked me if/whether I liked English.(2)特殊疑问句：转述时，去掉引号和问号，特殊疑问词不变，将原来倒装的主谓顺序恢复为陈述语序；同时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词等要作相应的变化。如：Mary asked me, “Who is she？”Mary asked me who she was.Jimmy asked, “When did you finish reading it？”Jimmy asked (me) when I had finished reading it.Mike asked, “When will their plane land？”Mike asked when their plane would land.(3)反意疑问句：转述时，去掉引号和标点符号，常用连接词 whether/if 引导宾语从句；同时，从句中要对人称、时态、指示代词等作相应的变化。如：He asked, “You are a native, arent you？”He asked (me) whether/if I was a native.(4)选择疑问句：转述时，去掉引号和问号，常用连接词whether/if.or.引导宾语从句；同时，从句中要对人称、时态、指示代词等作相应的变化。如：He said, “Is this car Mr.Greens or Mr.Browns？”Heasked (me) whether that car was Mr.Greens orMr.Browns.一、将下面的句子改为间接引语1 John said, “I am going to London with my fathertomorrow.”_2She said, “We have plenty of work to do here.”_3She said, “This train is pulling in.”_John said that he was going to London with his father the next day.She said that they had plenty of work to do there.She said that that train was pulling in.4The professor said, “The earth goes around the sun and themoon goes around the earth.”_The professor said that the earth goes around the sun and that themoon goes around the earth.二、将下列句子改为间接引语1He said to me, “I wrote to my father yesterday.”He _ me _to his father _.2The teacher asked, “Are you waiting for the bus？”The teacher asked _ waiting forthe bus.3He asked, “Where are you going？”He asked _.told he had written the day beforeif/whether we werewhere I was going 4He asked, “He is a famous writer, isnt he？”He asked _ a famous writer.5Lucy asked, “Are you interested in music or dance？”Lucy asked me _ in musicor dance.whether/if he waswhether/if I was interested