虚拟语气虚拟语气 注：注： 虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式句用一般过去式(be用用were；与将来可；与将来可能事实相反时还可用能事实相反时还可用were to /should +动动词原形词原形)，主句用，主句用would /should /could/ might +动词原形；与过去事实相反，从动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用句用过去完成时，主句用would /should/ could /might have +过去分词。过去分词。 熟读深思熟读深思 My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were1my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look2like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become7 overweight. This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help shouting,“ If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make10a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she (should) walk16to school. 汉语译文：汉语译文：我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果，同时要经常锻生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果，同时要经常锻炼，并让她坚持步行上学。如果她当时听炼，并让她坚持步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，现在也不至于这么胖了。了医生的建议，现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。不会太胖。 今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。 现现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能减肥成功的。有健康的生活方式，她是不可能减肥成功的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。学了。 熟读深思熟读深思 1. 在在as if/ as though, even if/even though引导的引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，动词用一般过去式，(be一般用一般用were)，主句的，主句的谓语用谓语用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。动词原形。3.5.在在insist, suggest, advise, order, command, propose, demand, require, request等后面的宾语等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”，其中，其中的的should可以省略。在可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名词等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”， 其中的其中的should可以省略。可以省略。6. 错综条件句：有时错综条件句：有时if 从句中的动作与主句动作从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相同。事实相反，主句与现在事实相同。 7. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词过去分词”，主句，主句用用“would /should/could / might + have +过去分过去分词词”。89. 在表示愿望的动词在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和后的宾语从句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虚拟语气。表需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10. 如果如果if 从句中含有从句中含有were, had或或should, 可将可将if 省略，然后将省略，然后将were, had或或should提前至主语前。提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。即从句可用半倒装。11. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用式用一般过去式，或用“were to / should +动词动词原形原形”，主句用，主句用“would / should /could/ might +动词原形动词原形”。12. 在在It is (high) time that 后的从句中，后的从句中， 谓语动谓语动词用词用“should(不能省略不能省略)+动词原形动词原形”或一般过去或一般过去时都可以。时都可以。13. 含蓄条件从句：用连词含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise, or，but或用或用介词介词but for, without等暗示前面的条件。与现在等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for, without表示的虚拟语气，表示的虚拟语气， 可和可和if 引导的假设条件引导的假设条件状语从句替换。状语从句替换。14. would (had) rather , would sooner用来表达用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。式表示与过去事实相反。15. 动词动词insist表表“坚持认为，坚持说坚持认为，坚持说, 坚持某种坚持某种说法说法”； suggest 表表“暗示，表明暗示，表明”时，后面从时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。句不用虚拟语气。16. 在在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引导的主语从句中，主语从句中引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用的谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”。 倒装与高考倒装与高考 1. 我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。语态、语气、主谓一致等。2. 短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。1.If I _ (be) you, I would do it in a different way.1. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。2. If you had followed my advice just now, you _(be) fine now. 2. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。werewould be一、单句填空一、单句填空 灵活运用灵活运用 3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ (score) a goal.3. 与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。4. If I _(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.4. 与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。would have scoredhad5. The doctor ordered that she _ (stay) in bed for a few days.(should) stay6. It is very important that you _ _(master) the skills of computer.7. English teachers give advice that we _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English.(should) make(should)master8. It is high time that we _ _(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.took/shouldtake9. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden！had10. Janes pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _(have) a medical examination.should havewas二、语篇填空二、语篇填空 Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 _(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 _ he doesnt want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.were is but worked At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5 _(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6_ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 _(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one. should do should finish is When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twinsMother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 _(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10 _ (give) you a good lesson. was were gave And I insist that you 11 _( not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 _, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you 15 _ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.should not play or/otherwise without asked had finished 汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明, ,但学但学习上却一勤一懒习上却一勤一懒, , 各不相同各不相同, , 甚至有一次还因彼甚至有一次还因彼特偷懒特偷懒, , 投机取巧投机取巧, , 闹出了笑话。闹出了笑话。 1. were 因因as if引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况的情况, 从句谓语用一般过去时从句谓语用一般过去时, be一般用一般用were。2. is 因因suggests表示表示“表明，说明表明，说明”，其后的宾语，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。3. but 因因“本来可以做得更好本来可以做得更好”与与“不愿努力学不愿努力学”是转折关系。是转折关系。4. worked 因因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。谓语用一般过去时。5. should do 在表示在表示“建议建议”的的suggestion后的同后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用位语从句中，谓语动词用should do。6. should finish 在在insist表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时时, 其其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”。7. is 该句的该句的insists表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”，其宾语从，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。句的谓语动词用陈述语气。8. was 因因suggested作作“表明，说明表明，说明”解，其宾语解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。9. were 在表示愿望的在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。10. gave 或或should give 在在Its time that句型的句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should +动动词原形词原形”。11. should not play 句中句中insist表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形动词原形”。 12. or/otherwise 由后面句中的谓语由后面句中的谓语would be可知可知, 前面用前面用or或或otherwise (否则否则)来表示虚拟条件。来表示虚拟条件。13. Without 由后面的由后面的would die可知，填可知，填without表示虚拟条件。表示虚拟条件。14. asked 在在would rather后的从句中，用一般过后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。去时表示现在或将来。15. had finished 表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。三、单句改错三、单句改错 1. How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are were 与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去时。望，故用一般过去时。2. Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich today. 在在become前加前加 have 前句相当于前句相当于If he had worked hard years ago, 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设,主句谓语要用主句谓语要用would have done。句意：如果他。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在也已经变得富有了。几年前就努力工作，他现在也已经变得富有了。3. If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. will would 虚拟条件句是与现在事实相虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用反的情况，主句谓语用would do。4. But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在在But后加后加for 因因but for(如果没有，要不如果没有，要不是是)是固定短语，常与虚拟语气连用。是固定短语，常与虚拟语气连用。5. It might have been done better if you have been more careful. have had 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，谓语用过去完成时。条件句中，谓语用过去完成时。6. I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk while driving last month.在在caught前加前加been 表示表示“被抓被抓”用被动语用被动语态。态。7. It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establish established 或在或在establish 前前加加 should 因为由句型因为由句型It is time that sb. should do 或或 It is high time that sb. did sth.决定的。其中决定的。其中should不能省略。不能省略。8. Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is were 表示与现在事实相反的情况，表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般过去时表示，用一般过去时表示，be一律用一律用were。9. Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can could 因因if only (但愿，要是但愿，要是就好就好了了)是个固定句型是个固定句型, 表示将来的愿望表示将来的愿望, 用用could do。10. Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes went 在在would rather后接句子时，后接句子时，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来不太可能的用一般过去时表示与现在或将来不太可能的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。愿望。谢谢观看