高三英高三英语总复复习语法法专项训练如今分如今分词和和过去分去分词用法之异同用法之异同 如今分如今分词和和过去分去分词的用法异同的用法异同历来是学来是学习中的中的难点和高考点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两的重点。众所周知，两种分种分词的区的区别很多，但它很多，但它们之之间的根本区的根本区别是：是： 过去分去分词在在时态上上强调动作曾作曾经完成，在完成，在语态上偏重于被上偏重于被动； 而如今分而如今分词在在时态上上强调动作正在作正在进展，在展，在语态上偏重于自上偏重于自动。 这种根本的区种根本的区别详细表达在两种分表达在两种分词分分别充充任的各种句子成份中。任的各种句子成份中。细述如下：述如下： 一、分一、分一、分一、分词词作定作定作定作定语语 共同点：分共同点：分词作定作定语时，假，假设分分词只是一只是一个个单词，那么，那么，该分分词就位于其所修就位于其所修饰的名的名词之前；假之前；假设是分是分词短短语，那么，那么，该短短语就位于就位于其所修其所修饰的名的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。从句。不同点：分不同点：分词作定作定语时，被分，被分词所修所修饰的的名名词就是就是该分分词的的逻辑主主语。但如今分。但如今分词与与逻辑主主语之之间是自是自动关系，所表示的关系，所表示的动作普通与作普通与句中句中谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作同作同时发生；而生；而过去去分分词那么表示被那么表示被动关系，所示关系，所示动作普通作普通发生在生在谓语动词之前或同之前或同时发生。生。1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed简析：首先，根据析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修修饰 noise 的分的分词短短语；再根据句意；再根据句意“一一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声之后，接着就是一声巨响。可知，巨呼巨响。可知，巨呼应是自是自动，紧接在接在闪电之后的。因此，之后的。因此，该题应选B。2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing简析：首先，根据析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定部分是一个作定语、修、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分的后置分词短短语；再根据；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于于动词 play 来来说只能是被只能是被动接受，且已完成接受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，。因此，该题应选C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak简析：析：该题应选B。测试过去分去分词作后置定作后置定语表达被表达被动，等于定，等于定语从句从句 which is spoken4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：析：该题应选A。测试过去分去分词作后置定作后置定语表达被表达被动，等于定，等于定语从句从句 who were invited5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析：析：该题应选A。测试过去分去分词作后置定作后置定语表达被表达被动，等于定，等于定语从句从句who were invited6.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析：析：该题应选D。测试过去分去分词短短语作定作定语放在所修放在所修饰的名的名词后，后，可以用非限制性定可以用非限制性定语从句从句“which was opened last year替代替代7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：析：该题应选D。测试过去分去分词作后置定作后置定语表达被表达被动，等于定，等于定语从句从句which were written二、分二、分二、分二、分词词作表作表作表作表语语 共同点：分共同点：分词作表作表语时，它起着，它起着描画描画词的作用。的作用。不同点：分不同点：分词作表作表语时，句子的，句子的主主语就是就是该分分词的的逻辑主主语。但如今。但如今分分词作表作表语时，与其，与其逻辑主主语之之间是是自自动关系，所表示的关系，所表示的动作的普通与句作的普通与句中中谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作同作同时发生；生；而而过去分去分词那么表示被那么表示被动关系，所示关系，所示动作普通作普通发生在生在谓语动词之前或同之前或同时发生。生。 1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首先，根据析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待法分析可知，待选部分在句中部分在句中应作表作表语，由，由于于 sounds 在此句中用作在此句中用作连系系动词；再根据；再根据 The news 对于于动词 encourage 来来说应是自是自动关系，即关系，即这个音个音讯本身就鼓舞人心。因此，本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：首先析：首先, 根据根据语法分析可知法分析可知, 待待选部分在句中部分在句中应作表作表语。由于。由于 seems 在此句中用作在此句中用作连系系动词; 再根据再根据 his father 对于于动词 please 来来说应是被是被动关系关系, 即即这个个结果使他的父果使他的父亲高高兴; 换言之言之, 他的父他的父亲由由于遭到于遭到这个个结果的刺激而感到高果的刺激而感到高兴。因此。因此, 该题应选C。3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：析：该题应选B。测试他他们被那出新被那出新戏所打所打动。 三、分三、分三、分三、分词词作作作作宾语补宾语补足足足足语语 共同点：分共同点：分词在复合在复合宾语中可作中可作宾语补足足语，对句子的句子的宾语起起补充或充或阐明作用。明作用。不同点：分不同点：分词作作宾语补足足语时，句子，句子的的宾语就是就是该分分词的的逻辑主主语。但如今分。但如今分词与其与其逻辑主主语之之间是自是自动关系，所表示关系，所表示的的动作普通与句中作普通与句中谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作作同同时发生；而生；而过去分去分词那么表示被那么表示被动关系，关系，所示所示动作普通作普通发生在生在谓语动词之前或同之前或同时发生。生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析析: 首先首先, 根据根据语法分析可知法分析可知, 待待选部分在句中部分在句中应作作宾补, 补充充阐明明宾语 the man; 再根据再根据宾语 the man 对于于动词 lie 来来说应是自是自动关关系系, 而且而且, lie 这个个动作与作与谓语动词 found 同同时进展。因此展。因此, 该题应选A。2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析析: 首先首先, 根据根据语法分析可知法分析可知, 待待选部分在句中部分在句中应作作宾补, 补充充阐明明宾语 the package; 再根据再根据 the package 对于于动词 weigh 来来说, 只能只能是被是被动关系。因此，关系。因此，该题应选D。3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟后要求跟动名名词, Peter 是是动名名词的的逻辑主主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析析: 该题应选B。测试使役使役动词后用如今分后用如今分词作作宾补表示表示宾语正正发出的出的动作。作。 四、分四、分四、分四、分词词作状作状作状作状语语 共同点：分共同点：分词作状作状语时，普通在句子中作，普通在句子中作时间、缘由、方式或伴随等状由、方式或伴随等状语。不同点：分不同点：分词作状作状语时，句子的主，句子的主语就是就是该分分词的的逻辑主主语。但如今分。但如今分词作状作状语时，与其，与其逻辑主主语之之间是自是自动关系，所表示的关系，所表示的动作普通与句作普通与句中中谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作同作同时发生；而生；而过去分去分词那么表示被那么表示被动关系，所示关系，所示动作普通作普通发生生谓语动词之前或同之前或同时发生。生。 1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中部分在整个句中应作状作状语；再根据再根据 European football 对于于 make 来来说应是自是自动关系，即欧洲足关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成球使之本身成为一一项最受世人最受世人欢迎的运迎的运动。因此，。因此，该题应选A。2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：析：该题应选C。 测试非非谓语动词的否的否认式是在其前直接加式是在其前直接加 not 。假。假设动作作发生在主句生在主句动作之前作之前时用非用非谓语的完成式。的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：析：该题应选C。测试如今分如今分词可以作可以作补充充阐明的状明的状语。4. “Cant you read? Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：析：该题应选A。测试如今分如今分词作伴随状作伴随状语，经过副副词 angrily 进展干展干扰。假。假设B 答案答案为 and pointed angrily 时也也对。另外，分另外，分词作状作状语时，假，假设其其逻辑主主语与整个句子的主与整个句子的主语不一不一致致时，需求独立主格构造或，需求独立主格构造或 with 复合构造来替代。复合构造来替代。(此此时，也可把，也可把该分分词看成介看成介词的的宾语补足足语。) 例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简析：很析：很显然，待然，待选部分的部分的逻辑主主语是是 his hands，而不是句子的，而不是句子的主主语 The murderer , 而而 his hands 对于于动词 tie 来来说，只能是被，只能是被动接接受。因此，受。因此，该题应选D。 经典回放领略高考神韵1.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen_(2003 全国A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked2. _time, hell make a first class tennis player2003 北京A.Having given B. To give C. Given D. Giving 3. It is believed that if a book is _ it will surely _ the reader 2003 上海A.interested;interest B. interested ;be interestingC. interesting; be interested D. interesting ; interest4. Generally speaking ,_ according to direction , the drug has no sideeffectA.When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 同上5. The discovery of new evidence led to _同上A.The thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. The thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 经典回放领略高考神韵1.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen_(2003 全国A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked2. _time, hell make a first class tennis player2003 北京A.Having given B. To give C. Given D. Giving 3. It is believed that if a book is _ it will surely _ the reader 2003 上海A.interested;interest B. interested ;be interestingC. interesting; be interested D. interesting ; interest4. Generally speaking ,_ according to direction , the drug has no sideeffectA.When taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken5. The discovery of new evidence led to _同上A.The thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. The thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 6Mr,. Smith, _of the _speech ,started to read a novel.A.tired; boring B. tiring ;bored C. tired; bored D. tiring ;boring7.Friendship is like money ;easier make than _2003北京Kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept 8. Though _ monkey , his parents managed to send him to university A.Lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in同上9.Dont use words, expressions,or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledgeA.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2003上海10. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin A.Exposed B. having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed同上 6Mr,. Smith, _of the _speech ,started to read a novel.A.tired; boring B. tiring ;bored C. tired; bored D. tiring ;boring7.Friendship is like money ;easier made than _2003北京A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept8. Though _ monkey , his parents managed to send him to university A.lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in(同上9.Dont use words, expressions,or phrases_ only to people with specific knowledge 2003上海A.being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known10. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin A.Exposed B. having exposed 同上 C. Being exposed D. After being exposed11. Sarah, hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party(2004全国A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change12. The man insisted_ taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby2004 江苏A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 13. The old man ,_abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland同上A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked14. _in the queue for half an hour ,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home2004北京A.To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 15. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth2004天津A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 11. Sarah, hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to _before the party (2004全国A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change12. The man insisted_ taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby 2004 江苏A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 13. The old man ,_abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland 同上A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked14. _in the queue for half an hour ,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home 2004北京A.To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 15. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth 2004天津A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 16. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _2004重庆A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry17. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeksA. Not completing B. not completed2004广东C. Not having completed D. Having not completed18. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left2004福建A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told19. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all2004湖北 Apare B.When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared20 Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music2004广西A.Making herself B. to make herself hearC. Making herself heard D. to make herself heard16. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _ 2004重庆A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry17. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeksA. Not completing B. not completed 2004广东C. Not having completed D. Having not completed18. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left2004福建A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told19. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all2004湖北 Apare B.When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared20 Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music 2004广西A.Making herself B. to make herself hearC. Making herself heard D. to make herself heard