The Titanic PuzzleThe Titanic Puzzle21st Century College English: Book 321st Century College English: Book 3Unit 2: Part AUnit 2: Part A2021/8/261LanguagePointsLanguagePointsTheTitanicPuzzleShould a good feminist accept priority seating on a lifeboat?By Charles Krauthammer1YoureontheTitanic II.Ithasjusthitanicebergandissinking.And,aslasttime,therearenotenoughlifeboats.Thecaptain shouts, “Women and children first!” But this time,anothervoiceisheard:“Whywomen?”2021/8/262LanguagePointsLanguagePoints2Why,indeed?PartofthecharmofthesuccessfulmovieTitanicaretheperiodcostumes,theperiodextravagance,andthe period prejudices. An audience can enjoy these at adistance. Oddly, however, of all the period attitudes in thefilm,theoldmaritimetraditionof“womenandchildrenfirst”enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences. Listen to theaudiencebooatthebadguyswhotrytosneakonthelifeboatswithoraheadoftheladies.2021/8/263LanguagePointsLanguagePoints3But is not grouping women with children a raginganachronism?Shouldnotanyself-respectingmodernperson,letalonefeminist,objecttoitasinsultingtowomen?4Yetitsusageisascommontodayasitwasin1912.Considertheseexamplestakenalmostatrandomfromrecentnewspapers:5“The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of themwomenandchildren.”6“As many as 200 civilians, most of them women andchildren,werekilled.”2021/8/264LanguagePointsLanguagePoints7“At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33womenandchildren,werekilled.”8Atatimewhenwomenflycombataircraftandrunmulti-nationalcorporations,howcanonenotwincewhenadultwomenareroutinelyclassedwithchildren?InAhmici,itseems,70adultmenwerekilled.Andhowmanyadultwomen?Notclear.Whenthingsgetserious,whenbloodstartstofloworshipsstarttosink,youllfindthemwiththechildren.2021/8/265LanguagePointsLanguagePoints9Childrenareentitledtospecialconsiderationfortworeasons:helplessnessandinnocence.Theyhavenotyetacquiredeitherthefacultyofreasonorthewisdomofexperience.Consequently,theyare defenseless (incapable of fending for themselves) andblameless (incapable of real sin). Thats why we grant themspecialprotection.Inanemergency,itisourdutytosavethemfirstbecausethey,helpless,haveputtheirlivesinourhands.Andin wartime, they are supposed to be protected by specialimmunitybecausetheycanhavethreatenedoroffendednoone.2021/8/266LanguagePointsLanguagePoints10 Thephrase“womenandchildren”attributestowomenthesame dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds.Suchanattitudeperhapsmadesenseinaneradominatedby male privilege. Given the disabilities attached towomanhoodin1912,itwasonlyfairthatanewstandardofgender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboatseatswerebeinghandedout.Thatdeferenceasomewhatmoreurgentvariationongivingupyourseatonthebustoawoman complemented and perhaps to some extentcompensated for the legal and social constraints placed onwomenatthetime.2021/8/267LanguagePointsLanguagePoints11 But in our eraof extensivesocialrestructuringto grantwomenequalityineducation,inemployment,ingovernment,in athletics, what entitles women to the privileges andreducesthemtothestatusofchildren?12 Evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboatsisaninstinctthatdevelopedtoperpetuatethespecies:Womenareindispensablechild-bearers.Youcanrepopulateavillageifthewomensurviveandonlyafewofthemen,butnotifthemensurviveandonlyafewofthewomen.Womenbeingmoreprecious,biologicallyspeaking,thanmen,evolutionhasconditioned us to give them the kind of life-protectingdeferencewegivetothatotherseedofthefuture:kids.2021/8/268LanguagePointsLanguagePoints13 The problem with this kind of logic, however, is itsdepressing reductionism. Its like a serious version of thegeneticists old joke that a chicken is just an eggs way ofmakinganotheregg.Buthumansaremorethanjustegg-layers.Andtraditionalcourtesiesaremorethanjustdisguisedsurvivalstrategies.Sowhydowesay“womenandchildren”?14 Perhaps its really“women for children.” The most basicparental bond is maternal. Equal parenting is great, butwomen,frombreasttocradletoreassuringhug,cannurtureinways that men cannot. And thus, because we value children,womenshouldgosecond.Thechildrenneedthem.2021/8/269LanguagePointsLanguagePoints15 Butkiddie-centrismgetsyouonlysofar.Whatiftherearenochildrenonboard?Youareonthe Titanic III,andthistimeitsasingles cruise. No kids, no parents. Now: Iceberg! Lifeboats!Action!16 Heresmyscenario.Themen,outofsheerirrationalheroism,should let the women go first. And the women, out of sheerfeministself-respect,shouldrefuse.17 Result?Stalemate.Howdoesthismovieend?Howshoulditend?Hurry,theshipsgoingdown.2021/8/2610Paraphrase?Key SupposeyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationtothatoftheTitanic.More to learnMore to learnYoure on the Titanic II.2021/8/2611At 2:20 AM on April 15, 1912, the Titanic, then theworlds largest and most luxurious ocean liner, disappearedintotheicydepthsoftheNorthAtlantic.Withhershetookthelivesofsome1,500men,women,andchildrenmorecasualtiesthaninanyothermarinedisasterinpeacetimehistory.Manymovieswereshotaboutthisevent,buttheonethatcameoutin1998wasthebiggesthit.Text-related informationText-related informationthe Titanic II2021/8/2612theperiodcostumes,theperiodextravagance,andtheperiodprejudicesParaphrasing?Key thecostumes,theextravagance,andtheprejudicesofthattimeinhistoryMore to learnMore to learn2021/8/2613theperiodcostumes,theperiodextravagance,andtheperiodprejudicesExamples period furniturea period cottageperiod a. typical of an earlier time in history, either datingfromthat timeordeliberatelymadeinthestyleofthattime过过去某段去某段时时期的期的2021/8/2614at/fromadistance fromaplacethatisnotveryclose;alongtimeaftersth.happenedExamplesExamples Its wise to stay at a distance from the cobras (眼眼镜镜蛇蛇).Some people are more respectable if admired from a distance.Remembering the disaster at a distance, I now feel sure that it was not his fault.2021/8/2615But is not grouping women with children a raginganachronism?但但是是，将将妇妇女女和和儿儿童童归归为为一一类类的的做做法法难难道道不不是是一一种种与与时时代既不相称的行代既不相称的行为吗为吗？2021/8/2616letalone (to indicate that a particular situation is even lesslikelyorpossible)nottomention;withoutconsideringExamplesI was too tired to walk, let alone running.There wasnt enough room for us, let alone three dogs and two cats.More to learnMore to learnShouldnotanyself-respectingmodernperson,letalone feminist,objecttoitasinsultingtowomen?2021/8/2617Shouldnotanyself-respectingmodernperson,letalone feminist,objecttoitasinsultingtowomen?objectto oppose;beagainstExamples Theembassyobjectstotheirrequeststotakerefugethere.Professor Hawking objects to being treated likesomeonespecial.2021/8/2618atrandom:withoutmethodorconsciouschoiceExamples His clothes were scattered about the room at random. The specimens to be analyzed were taken at random. Cf.random: a. usu attrib done, chosen, etc. withoutmethodorconsciouschoiceHis random walk led him to a beautiful view of the town. He chose an apple randomly.2021/8/2619civilian: a person who is not a member of the armedforces平民；百姓平民；百姓Examples The officer told all civilians to leave the area. Several innocent civilians were killed by the bombs. Cf.citizen: a person who lives in a particular city ortown,esponewhohascertainvotingorotherrightsinthatplace居民；市民居民；市民national:aperson,espsomeoneabroad,whobelongstoanotherusustatedcountry国民国民subject: a person who owes loyalty to a certaincountryorroyalruler国民，子民，臣民国民，子民，臣民2021/8/2620usageusage n n. .the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language Note:Note: UsageUsage isisdifferentdifferentfromfromuseuse ininthatthatititoftenoftenimpliesimpliesthethedegreedegreetotowhichwhichsomethingsomethingisisusedusedororthethewaywayinwhichitisused.inwhichitisused.ExamplesExamples TheThe manualmanual describesdescribes thethe properproper usageusage ofof thetheappliance.appliance. TheexpressionhascomeintocommonTheexpressionhascomeintocommonusageusage. . theenvironmentaleffectsofenergytheenvironmentaleffectsofenergyusageusage SportsSports equipmentequipment isis designeddesigned toto withstandwithstand hardhardusageusage. .2021/8/2621ExamplesThose soldiers are responsible for several massacres of defenseless villagers.More to learnMore to learnmassacre:Cthekillingoflargenumbers,usuofpeoplewhocannotdefendthemselvesproperly,withoutcaringabouttheirdeath大屠大屠杀杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀杀无防无防卫卫能力的人群）能力的人群）2021/8/2622Cf.killing:Utheactingofkillingpeopleoranimals.slaughter:Uthekillingofanimalsusuforfood;thekillingofoneormorepeopleinabloody,cruel,orthoughtlessway(残残杀杀)carnage:U(esppoet&emph)slaughter屠屠杀杀More to learnMore to learnmassacre:Cthekillingoflargenumbers,usuofpeoplewhocannotdefendthemselvesproperly,withoutcaringabouttheirdeath大屠大屠杀杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀杀无防无防卫卫能力的人群）能力的人群）2021/8/2623Cf.butchery:Ucruelandunnecessarykilling,espofhumanbeings残残杀杀；屠；屠杀杀murder:Ctheunlawfulkillingofaperson,esponpurpose谋杀谋杀，凶，凶杀杀massacre:Cthekillingoflargenumbers,usuofpeoplewhocannotdefendthemselvesproperly,withoutcaringabouttheirdeath大屠大屠杀杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀杀无防无防卫卫能力的人群）能力的人群）2021/8/2624wincevi. suddenlyandbrieflyshowpaininonesfacialexpression(因因疼疼痛痛、惊惊吓吓等等)本本能能地地退退缩缩，畏畏缩缩；皱皱眉蹙眼眉蹙眼Examples David winced when the dentist touched his sore tooth. It makes me wince even thinking about eye operation. Cf.frown: (at sb /sth) bring the eyebrows together, sowrinkling the skin on ones forehead (to expressanger,thought,worry,etc)皱皱眉，蹙眉，蹙额额Peter frowned at the noise coming from the boys bedroom. My parents always frown on late nights out. (disapproveof)2021/8/2625wincevi. suddenlyandbrieflyshowpaininonesfacialexpression(因因疼疼痛痛、惊惊吓吓等等)本本能能地地退退缩缩，畏畏缩缩；皱皱眉眉蹙眼蹙眼2021/8/2626ChildrenareentitledtospecialconsiderationExamples You are entitled to high praise for handling thisdifficultsituationsuccessfullyallalone.Imentitledtoknowhowmyownmoneyisbeingspent.beentitledto(do)sth. begiventherighttohaveordo(sth.)2021/8/2627facultyn.1.anyofthepowersofthebodyormind;aparticularabilityfordoingsth.才能；能力；天赋 2.alltheteachersandworkersofauniversityorcollege(高等院校的)全体教师及职工 Examples Even at the age of 100, she still had all her faculties.Mary has a remarkable faculty for adding large numbers in her head.Jane is a member of the faculty at the local university.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2628facultyn.1.anyofthepowersofthebodyormind;aparticularabilityfordoingsth.才能；能力；天赋 Cf. ability: (esp of mind) the power, knowledge, etcneeded(todosth) aptitude: (for, in) natural ability or skill, esp inlearning天天资资capability:ability,practicalpower才能，能力才能，能力facility:abilitytodoorperformstheasily才能才能More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2629facultyn.2.alltheteachersandworkersofauniversityorcollege(高等院校的)全体教师及职工Cf. staff:thegroupofworkerswhocarryonajobtodotheworkofanorganization personnel:thepeopleemployedbyacompany,thearmedforces,etc.workforce:thepeopleworkinginaplacecrew:allthepeopleworkingonaship,plane,etc.2021/8/2630innocentn. 1)(of)notguilty无罪的，无辜的无罪的，无辜的;2)knowingnothingofevilorwrong天真的天真的Examples I am innocent of the crime.In these wars, countless innocent people lost their lives.Dont be so innocent as to believe everything he says.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2631innocentn. 1)(of)notguilty无罪的，无辜的无罪的，无辜的;2)knowingnothingofevilorwrong天真的，无知的天真的，无知的Cf. Nave:1)havingorshowingnoexperience(asofsocialrulesorbehavior),espbecauseoneisyoung缺缺乏乏经经验验的的；幼幼稚稚的的；无无知知的的;2)believingwhatanyonesaysorwhatismostfavorable天真的天真的The young boy was laughed at for his nave remarks.It is nave of you to believe hell do what he says.2021/8/2632sinn. 1)Uevilasunderstoodinareligion(宗教上的宗教上的)罪孽罪孽;2)Canevilact,espasunderstoodinareligion罪过罪过Example These people say that the city is a place full of sin and you must leave it. In some religions it is a sin to eat the meat of pigs and drink alcohol.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2633sinn. 1)Uevilasunderstoodinareligion(宗教上的宗教上的)罪孽罪孽;2)Canevilact,espasunderstoodinareligion罪过罪过Cf. evil:Cevilgreatwickednessormisfortune邪邪恶恶，罪罪恶恶 mischief:Ubad,butnotseriouslybad,behaviororactions,asofchildren,probablycausingtroubleandpossiblydamageorharm顽顽皮，皮，调调皮，皮，恶恶作作剧剧vice:wickednessofcharacter堕堕落落；aseriousfaultofcharacter;abadhabit2021/8/2634consequentlyad. (usu fml)becauseofthis,asaresult;therefore;inconsequenceExamples They cannot not do the work; consequently, we must find another company. The documents were not ready. Consequently we could not sign them.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2635immunityn.1.protectionorfreedom(fromsth.)受保护；豁免(权)2.abilitytoresistinfection,disease,etc.免疫力Examples He was told that he would be granted immunity from prosecution (起诉) if he confessed the names of the other spies.diplomatic immunity (外交豁免权)Most people have no immunity against that virus.2021/8/2636threatenvt.1.makeathreatagainst(sb.)威胁，恐吓2.giveawarning(ofsth.bad)预示，眼看就要来了ExamplesThey threatened their son with punishment. The gangster(歹歹徒徒) threatened to burn down the store unless the owner paid extortion(敲敲诈诈) money. The dark clouds threaten a storm. When danger threatens we must all take care.2021/8/2637Thephrase“womenandchildren”attributestowomenthe same dependence and moral simplicity we find infive-year-olds.ParaphraseParaphrase? ?Key:By classing women with children, we think thatwomenareashelplessandinnocentaslittlekids.More to learnMore to learndependenceandmoralsimplicityanotherwayofsaying“helplessnessandinnocence”2021/8/2638attribute(aquality,feature,etc.)tosb./sth. sayorthinkthatsb./sth.hasgot(thatquality,feature,etc.)ExamplesHe tends to attribute mean motives to other people.I wouldnt dream of attributing such a lack of judgment to you.Thephrase“womenandchildren”attributestowomenthe same dependence and moral simplicity we find infive-year-olds.2021/8/2639given prep.considering考虑到 a. 1. 规定的，特定的；2. 假设的；已知的Examples Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job.Given (the fact) that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.The work must be done within the given time.under a given conditionThe given radius (半 径) being 4 ft., find the circumference (周长).More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2640given usedasaprepositionThewordgivencanbeusedasaprepositionfollowedbya noun phrase or noun clause. If you say givensomething or given that something is true, you meanwhatismentionedisconsideredoristakenintoaccount.In formal English, given the chance, given theopportunity, etc. mean if one has the chance, theopportunity,etc.Examples Given his age, he is a remarkable fast runner.Im sure teaching is the right career for her, given (the fact) that she is interested in children.She could have done just as well as you have, given the chance. Given imagination, anything is possible.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2641givengivenMore to learnMore to learnComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, using English, using given given clauses appropriately.clauses appropriately.(Ex.VIII,p.208)Ex.VIII,p.208)1. 1._(_(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于政政政政府府府府在在在在失失失失业业业业问问问问题题题题上上上上的的的的记记记记录录录录), ), their their chances of winning the election look poor.chances of winning the election look poor.2. 2._(_(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于儿儿儿儿童童童童不不不不能能能能自自自自立立立立，不不不不能能能能自自自自卫卫卫卫), ), adults adults are responsible for granting them special protection.are responsible for granting them special protection.Given the governments record on unemploymentGiven childrens helplessness and defenselessness2021/8/2642givengivenMore to learnMore to learnComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, using English, using given given clauses appropriately.clauses appropriately.(Ex.VIII,p.208)Ex.VIII,p.208)3. 3._(_(如果天气好的话如果天气好的话如果天气好的话如果天气好的话), our ship will reach ), our ship will reach YantaiYantai tomorrow morning. tomorrow morning.4. 4._(_(鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱), children and old people are ), children and old people are advised not to stay in an air-conditioned room for too advised not to stay in an air-conditioned room for too long.long.Given good weatherGiven poor immunity2021/8/2643givengivenComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, using English, using given given clauses appropriately.clauses appropriately.(Ex.VIII,p.208)Ex.VIII,p.208)5. 5._(_(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于女女女女权权权权主主主主义义义义者者者者已已已已为为为为男男男男女女女女平平平平等等等等斗斗斗斗争争争争了了了了多多多多年年年年), ), it it is is not not surprising surprising to to find find such such new new words words as as chairperson and Ms. in widespread use.chairperson and Ms. in widespread use.6. 6.( (如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会), I would choose to ), I would choose to study engineering rather than mathematics.study engineering rather than mathematics. Given that feminists have been fighting for gender/sexual equality for yearsGiven one more chance to go to college2021/8/2644attach(to)vt. 1.considerthatsb.hasacertainquality2.fastenorjoinExamples The panel of scientists attaches great importance to his research on genes.Chinese movies used to attach every good quality to a hero.A label is attached to each piece of luggage.Bill attached a big bow (蝴蝶结) to the birthday present.2021/8/2645,itwasonlyfairthatanewstandardofgenderequalitynotsuddenlybeproclaimedjustaslifeboatseatswerebeinghandedout.ExamplesThe job is open to any suitably qualified person regardless of age, gender or race.Sociologists believe that gender differences in voting will gradually disappear as women become more politicized.In German, the gender of the word Hund, meaning dog , is masculine (阳性的).More to learnMore to learngenderequality=sexequalityn. 1.(生理上的)性；2.(名词、代词等的)性 Gender means sex but is especially used in jobadvertisements,inwritingaboutpoliticsandsociety,aswellasingrammar,whilesexisageneralword.2021/8/2646,itwasonlyfairthatanewstandardofgenderequalitynotsuddenlybeproclaimedjustaslifeboatseatswerebeinghandedout.proclaim vt. makeknownofficiallyorpublicly;declareNote:Proclaim implies a clear, forceful, authoritativeoral declaring of something, often of nationalimportance.Examples The president proclaimed a day of mourning.The American colonies proclaimed their independence in 1776.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2647,itwasonlyfairthatanewstandardofgenderequalitynotsuddenlybeproclaimedjustaslifeboatseatswerebeinghandedout.handout distribute分发, 散发 Examples Makealistofnames,seeiftheyreallpresent,andhandoutthebooks.WouldyouhandthecakeoutwhileIpourthecoffee?More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2648,itwasonlyfairthatanewstandardofgenderequalitynotsuddenlybeproclaimedjustaslifeboatseatswerebeinghandedout.Paraphrase?Key,thetraditionalgenderinequalityshouldnaturallycontinue at that critical moment when the ship wassinking it was fair that women should have beengivenseatsonthelifeboatsfirst.2021/8/2649Thatdeferenceasomewhatmoreurgentvariationongiving up your seat on the bus to a woman complementedandperhapstosomeextentcompensatedforthelegalandsocialconstraintsplacedonwomenatthetime.variation n. (on)oneinagrouporsetwhichisdifferentinsomewayfromthenormalormostcommonExamplesExamples His books are all variations on a basic theme.It was the same TV program with only nightly variations.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2650That That deference deference a a somewhat somewhat more more urgent urgent variation variation on on giving giving up up your your seat seat on on the the bus bus to to a a woman woman complemented complemented and and perhaps perhaps to to some some extent extent compensated compensated for for the the legal legal and and social social constraints placed on women at the time. constraints placed on women at the time. ParaphraseParaphrase? ?KeyKey ThatThatrespectrespectforforwomenwomen(i.e.(i.e.offeringofferingprioritypriorityseatingseatingonona alifeboat)lifeboat)waswasveryverysimilarsimilarto,to,butbutsomewhatsomewhatmoremoreurgenturgentthan,than,offeringofferingyouryourseatseattotoa awomanwomanononthethebus.bus.ThisThis helpedhelped toto improve,improve, andand perhapsperhaps moremore oror lesslessmademade upup forfor thethe disabilitiesdisabilities attachedattached toto womanhoodwomanhood(para.10)bylawandbysocietyatthattime.(para.10)bylawandbysocietyatthattime.2021/8/2651., ., what what entitles entitles women women to to the the privileges privileges and and reducesreduces them them to to the status of children?the status of children?reduce sb. toreduce sb. to bringsb.to(aspecified,usu.worse,stateorbringsb.to(aspecified,usu.worse,stateorcondition)condition)ExamplesExamples WewereWewerereducedreducedtosellingthecartosellingthecartotopaytherent.paytherent. HeHeranranoutoutofofcigarettescigarettesandandwaswasreducedreducedtoto smokingsmokingthebuttsleftintheashtrays.thebuttsleftintheashtrays.More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2652ParaphraseParaphrase? ?KeyKey .,., whywhy shouldshould womenwomen bebe givengiven thethe samesame privileges,privileges,andand bebe broughtbrought toto thethe samesame insignificantinsignificant status,status, asaschildren?children?., ., what what entitles entitles women women to to the the privileges privileges and and reducesreduces them them to to the status of children?the status of children?2021/8/2653ladies-to-the-lifeboats ladies-to-the-lifeboats is is an an instinct instinct that that developed developed to to perpetuate the species perpetuate the species ParaphraseParaphrase? ?givinggiving prioritypriority toto ladiesladies toto enableenable themthem toto survivesurvive a ashipwreckshipwreck isis a a naturalnatural tendencytendency formedformed inin orderorder totopreventtheextinctionofmankindpreventtheextinctionofmankindTranslate the sentenceTranslate the sentence? ?女士上救生船是一种为繁衍物种而形成的本能女士上救生船是一种为繁衍物种而形成的本能2021/8/2654Women Women being being more more preciousprecious, , biologically biologically speaking, speaking, than than menmen, , evolution evolution has has conditioned conditioned us us to to give give them them the the kind kind of of life-protecting life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.ParaphraseParaphrase? ? BecauseBecausewomenwomenarearemoremoreimportantimportantthanthanmenmenininthetheperpetuationperpetuation ofof mankind,mankind, thethe lawlaw ofof evolutionevolution hashasinfluencedinfluenced ourour attitude,attitude, soso thatthat wewe givegive womenwomen thethesamesamekindkindofofprioritypriorityofofsurvivalsurvivalasaswewegivegivechildren,children,onwhom,too,mankindreliesforperpetuation.onwhom,too,mankindreliesforperpetuation.TranslationTranslation? ? 因因为为从从生生物物学学的的角角度度来来讲讲妇妇女女比比男男子子更更为为珍珍贵贵，所所以以进进化化才才使使我我们们习习惯惯于于把把给给予予未未来来的的另另一一粒粒种种子子孩孩子子的的那那份份保护生命的敬重给予了她们。保护生命的敬重给予了她们。More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2655Women being more precious . than menWomen being more precious . than menPresent Present participle participle phrase phrase used used in in the the absolute absolute construction, construction, which which functions functions as as an an adverbial adverbial of of cause cause in in the sentence.the sentence.Use of the present participle in the absolute construction:Use of the present participle in the absolute construction:The The adverbial adverbial present present participle participle phrase phrase has has no no overt overt ( (明明言言的的) ) subject subject and and its its “understood “understood subject” subject” provides provides a a link link with with the the main main clause, clause, while while the the absolute absolute construction construction using using the the present present participle participle has has its its own own logical logical subject subject and and is is not not overtly overtly bound bound to to the the main main clause, clause, even even on on a a semantic semantic ( (语语义义的的) ) level, level, by by any any shared shared element. element. In In grammatical grammatical functions, functions, however, the two forms are similar.however, the two forms are similar.ExamplesExamples NoNo furtherfurther discussionsdiscussions arising,arising, thethe meetingmeeting waswasbroughttoaclose.broughttoaclose. AAsmallsmallboy,boy,hishissatchelsatchel( (背背包包) ) trailingtrailingbehindbehindhim,him,ranpast.ranpast. Weatherpermitting,wellstarttomorrow.Weatherpermitting,wellstarttomorrow.Women Women being being more more preciousprecious, , biologically biologically speaking, speaking, than than menmen, , evolution evolution has has conditioned conditioned us us to to give give them them the the kind kind of of life-protecting life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.2021/8/2656depressvt.1.saddenanddiscourage使抑郁，使沮丧使抑郁，使沮丧2.causetosinktoalowerlevelofposition使使不不景景气气，使萧条使萧条Examples The cold, gray weather depressed Anne.High interest rates are continuing to depress the economy.参考译文：参考译文：然而，这种逻辑的问题在于它那个令人沮丧的然而，这种逻辑的问题在于它那个令人沮丧的视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法。视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法。2021/8/2657Andtraditionalcourtesiesaremorethanjustdisguisedsurvivalstrategies.courtesy:politeandkindbehavior礼貌、谦恭礼貌、谦恭Cf.politenesscivility:thestateormannerofbeingaspoliteasonewouldwish(礼貌，客气礼貌，客气)morethanjust notjust;notsimplyMore to learnMore to learn2021/8/2658Andtraditionalcourtesiesaremorethanjustdisguisedsurvivalstrategies.disguise:changetheusualappearance,etc.of,soastohidthetruthCf.hide:putorkeepoutofsight;makeorkeepsecretconceal: (from) (fml) hid; keep from being seen orknowncoverup:(notfml)coverorhidinfrontof(another)soastohidorprotectinthisway掩盖，掩饰掩盖，掩饰secrete:(fml)hidorkeepinasecretplace隐隐藏藏；藏藏匿匿More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2659Andtraditionalcourtesiesaremorethanjustdisguisedsurvivalstrategies.Paraphrase?KeyAndtraditionalpolitebehaviortowomenisnotjustafalsedisplayintendedforthesurvivalofthehumanrace.传统的礼节决不只是伪装掩盖下的生存策略。传统的礼节决不只是伪装掩盖下的生存策略。2021/8/2660Equal parenting is great, but women, from breast tocradletoreassuringhug,cannurtureinwaysthatmencannot.nurture:(fml)givecareandfoodto养育养育Cf.bringup:careforandeducateinthefamilyuntilfullygrownraise:(AmE)bringuprear:(ofanimalsandbirds)careforuntilfullygrownfoster:carefor(achildwhoisnotonesown),usuforashortperiodadopt:take(sb/achild)intoonesfamilyasarelationforever,andtakeonthefullresponsibilitiesinlawofaparent收养收养breast:breast-feeding哺乳More to learnMore to learn2021/8/2661Equal parenting is great, but women, from breast tocradletoreassuringhug,cannurtureinwaysthatmencannot.Itisprettygoodforfatherandmothertobeequalintheir relationship with children, but many duties intherearingandcaringofchildrencanbeperformedonly by women in their special ways, and never bymen.但但是是女女性性，从从哺哺乳乳到到抚抚育育到到安安抚抚的的拥拥抱抱，能能够够以以男男性性做不到的方式养育子女做不到的方式养育子女2021/8/2662Butkiddie-centrismgetsyouonlysofar.Paraphrase?The explanation that women are given priority tosurvivejustbecausechildrenneedthemisconvincinguptothispointonly.kiddie-centrism thenotionthatchildrenaremostimportant小孩中心论Translation?但是小孩中心论只能解释到这一步为止。但是小孩中心论只能解释到这一步为止。2021/8/2663scenarion. 1.C a written desripiton of the action to takeplaceinafilm,play,etc.剧情梗概剧情梗概2.(fig)adescriptionofapossiblecourseofactionorevents对行动或事件可能的过程的描述对行动或事件可能的过程的描述ExamplesExamples The scenarios are very well done.He presented a fearful scenario of atomic war.2021/8/2664sheera.1.pure;nothingotherthan(oftenusedindescriptionsofsth.surprising,outrageous,inexplicable,etc.);2.(offabric)verythin,lightandalmosttransparent(透明的)；3.verysteepExamples It is a sheer waste of time.John peered through the sheer curtain.The climbers slowly inched (慢慢移动) up the sheer cliff.2021/8/2665stalemate n. a stage of a dispute, contest, etc. (esp. chess) at whichfurtherprogressisimpossibleforbothsides僵局；僵持Examples The players reached a stalemate, so a draw (平局) was declared.Negotiations have come to a stalemate.2021/8/2666读写教程读写教程 III: Ex. III, p. 37Ex. III, p. 37ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary2021/8/26671. In a healthy relationship, the partners strengths andabilities_eachother,ratherthanbeingidentical.entitleconstraint complementstrategy privilegeinstinctdepress survivalindispensable urgentfacultyrandomExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary2. Millions of dollars and lots of famous actors are not_ to the production of a successful film, buttheyhelp!III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.complementindispensable 2021/8/26683. IneverfeltIhadarighttoexpectanyspecial_becauseofmyuniversityeducation.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary4. Themarketing_thatEdwardproposedwouldbebrilliantifonlyhehadntforgottenaboutgoodbusinessethics.III.III. FillFillininthetheblanksblankswithwiththethewordswordsgivengivenbelow.below.ChangeChangethetheformwherenecessary.formwherenecessary. strategy privilegesentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complementcomplementstrategystrategy privilegeprivilegeinstinctinstinctdepressdepress survivalsurvivalindispensableindispensable urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom2021/8/26695. Itstruethatnothavingacarimposessome_,butowningonealsocomplicateslifeinmanyways.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary6. AccordingtotheChineselaw,everychildis_tonineyearsoffreeeducation.III.III. FillFillininthetheblanksblankswithwiththethewordswordsgivengivenbelow.below.ChangeChangethetheformwherenecessary.formwherenecessary. constraintentitledentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complementcomplementstrategystrategy privilegeprivilegeinstinctinstinctdepressdepress survivalsurvivalindispensableindispensable urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom2021/8/26707. Life should consist of more than just a struggle for_.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary8. The sight of the helpless child aroused her maternal_.III.III. FillFillininthetheblanksblankswithwiththethewordswordsgivengivenbelow.below.ChangeChangethetheformwherenecessary.formwherenecessary. survivalinstinct(s) entitleentitleconstraintconstraint complementcomplementstrategystrategy privilegeprivilegeinstinctinstinctdepressdepress survivalsurvivalindispensableindispensable urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom2021/8/26719. The winners of the contest were chosen _; noconsiderationwasgiventoage,genderorincome.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary10. Hehaslosttheuseofhislimbsbutheisstillinpossessionofallhis_.III.III. FillFillininthetheblanksblankswithwiththethewordswordsgivengivenbelow.below.ChangeChangethetheformwherenecessary.formwherenecessary. randomly faculty entitleentitleconstraintconstraint complementcomplementstrategystrategy privilegeprivilegeinstinctinstinctdepressdepress survivalsurvivalindispensableindispensable urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom2021/8/267211. Please give the highest priority to this very _matter.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary12. SheenjoyedpartsofhertriptoIndia,butsaidshefoundthepovertyshesawthererather_.III.III. FillFillininthetheblanksblankswithwiththethewordswordsgivengivenbelow.below.ChangeChangethetheformwherenecessary.formwherenecessary. urgentdepressingentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complementcomplementstrategystrategy privilegeprivilegeinstinctinstinctdepressdepress survivalsurvivalindispensableindispensable urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom2021/8/2673读写教程读写教程 III: Ex. IV, p. 38Ex. IV, p. 38ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary2021/8/2674IV. Rescue these sentences!Remember our underachievingstudent? Hes up to his old tricks again: He tried to useanexpressionfromthetextineachofthesentencesbelow,buthegotalltheprepositionsoradverbsmixedup.Correctallthesentences,usingexpressionsfromthetext,thenputdefinitionsor synonyms of the corrected expressions in the spacesprovided.ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary2021/8/2675IV V.Rescue these sentences! ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary1. Thisreportisbasedonasurveyofonethousandreaderschosenbyrandom. correctform:_definition:_2. TheTitanichitanicebergandwentunderwithalossofmorethan1,500lives.correctform:_synonym:_at randomwithout any plan or criteria for selectionwent downsank2021/8/2676IV V.Rescue these sentences! ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary3. Before we start our discussion, Id like to hand aroundsomeextramaterialscontainingbackgroundinformation.correctform:_synonym:_4. Theexplosionwasheardbystartledcitizensinadistancefromtenmiles.correctform:_synonym:_hand outdistributeat a distance of ten milesten miles away2021/8/2677IV V.Rescue these sentences! ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary5. Assoonasbabybirdsareabletofendtothemselves,theirparentsloseinterestinthem.correctform:_synonym:_6. Thewholecountrywashorrifiedwhena13-year-oldboygunnedattwoteachersandsevenstudents.correctform:_synonym:_ fend for themselvestake care of themselvesgunned downshot2021/8/2678IV V.Rescue these sentences! ExercisesExercises VocabularyVocabulary7. I cant find the pictures that were attached with thedocuments.correctform:_synonym:_8. Everyoneisentitledbyhisorherownopinion.correctform:_definition:_attached tofastened to is entitled tohas a right to2021/8/26791. Itsalongclimbupthehill,butonceyoureuptheretheviewofthecityis_.ExercisesExercises Word BuildingWord Building2. Hewasbynatureagentleand_man-healwaysdidwhateverhecouldtoavoidconflict.VI.VI. CompleteCompleteeacheachofofthethefollowingfollowingsentencessentenceswithwithoneoneofofthetheadjectivesyouveformed.adjectivesyouveformed. breath-takingpeace-loving breathtakingbreathtakingheartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing2021/8/26803. Ourholidayontheislandwasratherspoiledbythepresenceof_sharksjustoffthebeach.ExercisesExercises Word BuildingWord Building4. Intheinformationage,manypeopleconsider_skills more important than memorizing and retainingknowledge.VI.VI. CompleteCompleteeacheachofofthethefollowingfollowingsentencessentenceswithwithoneoneofofthetheadjectivesyouveformed.adjectivesyouveformed. man-eatingfact-finding breathtakingbreathtakingheartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing2021/8/26815. ThemovieTitanicisa_lovestory-IweepeverytimeIseeit.ExercisesExercises Word BuildingWord Building6. Fewerandfewerfemalesof_agearewillingtogiveuptheircareersinordertoraiseafamily.VI.VI. CompleteCompleteeacheachofofthethefollowingfollowingsentencessentenceswithwithoneoneofofthetheadjectivesyouveformed.adjectivesyouveformed. heart-breakingchild-bearing breathtakingbreathtakingheartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing2021/8/2682ExercisesExercises Word BuildingWord Building7. Thefilmindustryhasbeenbadlyhurtbythesharpdeclinein the _ public, caused by the low cost ofvideos.VI.VI. CompleteCompleteeacheachofofthethefollowingfollowingsentencessentenceswithwithoneoneofofthetheadjectivesyouveformed.adjectivesyouveformed. movie-going breathtakingbreathtakingheartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing2021/8/26831. _(鉴鉴于于政政府府在在失失业业问问题题上上的的记记录录),theirchancesofwiningtheelectionlookpoor.ExercisesStructure2. _(鉴鉴于于儿儿童童不不能能自自立立，亦亦不不能能自自卫卫),adultsareresponsibleforgrantingthemspecialprotection.VIII. Complete the following sentences by translating theChineseintoEnglish,usinggivenclausesappropriately.GiventhegovernmentsrecordonunemploymentGivenchildrenshelplessnessanddefenselessness/Giventhatchildrenarehelplessanddefenseless2021/8/26843. _(如如果果天天气气好好的的话话),theirchancesofwiningtheelectionlookpoor.ExercisesStructure2. _(鉴鉴于于免免疫疫力力弱弱),adultsareresponsibleforgrantingthemspecialprotection.VIII. Complete the following sentences by translating theChineseintoEnglish,usinggivenclausesappropriately.GivengoodweatherGivenpoorimmunity2021/8/26855. _(鉴鉴于于女女权权主主义义者者已已为为男男女女平平等等斗斗争争了了多多年年),theirchancesofwiningtheelectionlookpoor.ExercisesStructure6. _ (如如果果再再给给我我一一次次读读大大学学的的机机会会),adultsareresponsibleforgrantingthemspecialprotection.VIII. Complete the following sentences by translating theChineseintoEnglish,usinggivenclausesappropriately.GiventhatfeministshavebeenfightingforgenderequalityforyearsGivenonemorechancetogotocollege2021/8/2686TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish读写教程读写教程 III: Ex. XI, p. 41Ex. XI, p. 412021/8/2687The ability to fend for oneself is indispensable to any adult, but real maturity is more than just a set of survival strategies.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish1.1. 独独立立生生活活的的能能力力对对于于任任何何一一个个成成年年人人来来说说是是必必不不可可少少的的, , 但真正的成熟远远不止那些基本的生存策略。但真正的成熟远远不止那些基本的生存策略。 the ability to fend for oneselfindispensablemore than just2021/8/2688On Childrens Day, kids are entitled to free entry to all city parks. Its a way of compensating them for the long hours they spend in school all year.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish2.2. 孩孩子子们们在在儿儿童童节节有有资资格格免免费费进进入入每每一一个个城城市市公公园园。这这是是对他们全年长期呆在学校里的一种补偿。对他们全年长期呆在学校里的一种补偿。be entitled to free entry toa way of compensating2021/8/2689Youre giving more priority to your personal life than to your studies. Its no wonder your grades are suffering.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish3.3. 你更注重个人的生活而不是学习，难怪你的成绩下降了。你更注重个人的生活而不是学习，难怪你的成绩下降了。Give more priority to than to Its no wonder your grades are suffering2021/8/2690Given that most women nowadays have jobs outside the home, its natural that they object to their husbands treating them like housekeepers.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish4.4. 鉴鉴于于当当今今社社会会大大多多数数的的妇妇女女离离家家就就职职，很很自自然然她她们们反反对对丈丈夫夫把她们作为家庭主妇来对待。把她们作为家庭主妇来对待。given thathave jobs outside the homeobject to2021/8/2691Quite a number of American millionaires own at least two houses and a private plane.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish5.5. 美国的不少百万富翁都至少拥有两座房子和一架私人飞机。美国的不少百万富翁都至少拥有两座房子和一架私人飞机。quite a number ofat least2021/8/2692When John recovered unexpectedly from cancer, his doctors attributed it to his strong will and faith in the future.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish6.6. 当当约约翰翰意意外外地地从从癌癌症症康康复复时时，他他的的医医生生把把此此归归因因于于他他坚坚强强的毅力和对未来的信念。的毅力和对未来的信念。 recover unexpectedly from cancerattribute it to2021/8/2693Theres no practical reason to perpetuate the custom of opening doors for women, let alone the tradition of “women and children first”.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish7.7. 没没有有任任何何实实际际理理由由要要保保留留为为女女性性开开门门那那种种习习俗俗，更更不不用用说说保留保留 妇女和儿童优先妇女和儿童优先 的传统了。的传统了。 there is no practical reason to perpetuatelet alone2021/8/2694Many feminists object to the notion that men cant nurture children as well as women can.TranslationChinesetoEnglishTranslationChinesetoEnglish8.8. 许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法。许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法。feministsnurture childrennotion2021/8/2695Select Select the the most most appropriate appropriate word word from from the the four four choices choices given. given. The The choice choice “ “0 0” ” means means that that no no additional additional word word is is appropriate.appropriate. ClozeCloze2021/8/2696Realfeministscantellyou thattheonly way to ensure equality isthroughgeneticengineering.Womeneverywherestillsuffer_1_economicinjustice,socialinjusticeandmostsignificantphysicalinjustice. This is where geneticengineering is _2_ to feminism.The way things are now, too fewwomen feel truly sure of theirphysicalsafety. Allthat_3_mostwomenfromphysicalforce_4_theso-called social contract. This isnot enough. Why should half thepopulationenjoyphysicalsafetyasaformof_5_,whiletheotherhalfenjoysitasanatural_6_?1.A.asB.fromC.ofD.to2.A.entitledB.indispensableC.randomD.urgent3.A.protectB.protectedC.protectionD.protects4.A.areB.has5.C.haveD.is5.A.charmB.complement6.C.confidenceD.courtesy6.A.facultyB.instinct7.C.insultD.strategyB.fromB.indispensableD.protectsD.isD.courtesyA.facultyClozeCloze2021/8/2697Men who argue that lawscan _7_ for this inequalitysimply cant imagine whatitsliketobe_8_todefendyourself.Thislifelonglackof_9_insomethingasbasicasphysical safety gives rise_10_ major psychologicalbarriers_11_equality. Howcanapersonfeelequalwhenshe lives _12_ life with theknowledge_13_strongercreaturesareincontrol?7. A.attachB.compensateC.complement D.entitle8.A.haveB.helplessC.random D.urgent9.A.compensationB.confidenceC.instinctD.logic10. A.forB.inC.toD.011. A.forB.inC.toD.012.A.all ofB.herallC.herentireD.fullofher13.A.forB.of14.C.thatB.whatB.compensateB.helplessB.confidenceC.toC.toC.herentireC.thatClozeCloze2021/8/2698Howcanshefeeltrulyfreetocompetewiththem,ignore_14_themordisagreewiththem,allthe time knowing they couldsuddenly _15_her if she isntnice? Sure, women can learnself-defenseorcarryguns,butthat_16_thesameastrustinginyourownsafety._17_womenreallyneedisabreakthroughingenetic engineering to ensurethat both _18_ are equal inphysicalstrengthrightfromthecradle.14.A.atB.toC.withD.015. A.combatB.constrainC.threatD.threaten16. A.arentB.cantC.hasntD.isnt17. A.ThatB.ThisC.WhatD.018. A.femaleB.gendersC.malesD.versionsD.0D.threatenD.isntC.WhatB.gendersClozeCloze2021/8/2699部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！