The Subjunctive Mood虚 拟 语 气He has Day He has Day dreaming dreaming 英语中的三种语气英语中的三种语气陈述语气陈述语气：用于陈述事实。祈使语气祈使语气：用于提出请求、命令等。虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人说的不是事实而是一种假设、猜想等。表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。一一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。条件句。（1）真实条件句）真实条件句：假设的情况是有可能发生的。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.（2）虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不虚拟条件句：假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。存在的，或将来都不可能发生的。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反从句从句-过去式过去式(be通常用were)，主句主句-should (would, could, might)+动动词原形词原形”：If I knew her number I could ring her up. If he were free, he would help us. Should用于第一三人称用于第一三人称would表示结果，表示结果，might表示可能性，表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或表示能力、允许或可能性可能性 If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa.1.如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。如果我是只鸟，我就能在天上飞了。 I f I were a bird, I could fly in the sky.2.If I _(有有) a knife，I _(就杀了就杀了) you。hadwould kill2.与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测与将来事实相反或将来的愿望推测从句从句-did /should +do /were to do主句主句-should/ would/ could/ might +do If he got up early, he would be on time.3、与过去事实相反、与过去事实相反从句从句had done主句主句should/ would/ could/ might +have doneIf he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法总结时态时态If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did / werewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)had done二：二： 交叉虚拟交叉虚拟 主从句动作发生的时间不主从句动作发生的时间不同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。同时，按时间来确定虚拟形式。If the weather had been better, the crops would be growing still better.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.当当If条件句中有条件句中有were, had, should这三个助动词时，可将这三个助动词时，可将If省略，从而将这三个助动词省略，从而将这三个助动词放到句首。放到句首。without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要不是要不是)Without sunlight, peoples life would be difficult .But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. otherwise, or, or else等的虚拟用等的虚拟用法法 She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.高考链接：高考链接：Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise he _ me. A.would phoned B. phonedC. would have phoned D. had phoned三、虚拟语气在名词从句中的用法 A.用于宾语从句1. wish 2.+ 宾语从句现在：过去：将来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might/should+V. 2. would rather -现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now. (现在现在)I would rather you had gone, too. (过去过去)Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未来未来)过去时过去时过去完成时Would/had rather (not) have done sth宁愿过去（没）做了某事一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order, command三个建议：三个建议：advise, suggest, propose四个要求：四个要求：demand, require, request, desire从句谓语动词使用从句谓语动词使用“（should）+V原形原形”He suggested that we (should) go home at once.如果如果suggest表示表示“暗示，暗示，表明表明”、insist表示表示“坚持坚持说说/认为认为”时，从句用陈述时，从句用陈述语气。语气。主句的主语如果是表示说话人的愿望（wish/desire）建议（suggestion/advice/proposal）要求（requirement/demand）命令（order/command）等名词，表语从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形原形”Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用虚拟语气在同位语从句中的使用如果同位语从句所修饰的名词是表示说话人的愿望，建议，要求，命令等名词时。从句谓语动词用“（should）+V原形原形”The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.在句型在句型“Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important/vital + that ”从从句的动词要用虚拟，即使用句的动词要用虚拟，即使用(should)+动词原形动词原形虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用Its necessary that we should have a walk now.考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A. took B. have to take C. must take D. takeD1.His suggestion that you _ once more2. sounds reasonable.1.A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA在在as if/ though引导的从句中，引导的从句中，若表示与现在事实相反，用一般若表示与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，与过去事实相反，用过过去时，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。去完成时。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as if/ though从句中的从句中的使用使用She looked after the boy as if he were her own son.用于用于If only 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 （用法同（用法同wish）if only 通常独立使用，没有通常独立使用，没有主句。主句。 If only I were rich. If only I had listened to my parents! If only she would go with me! 在句型“Its amazing/ strange/ surprising/ astonishing/ a shame that”以及“Im surprised, Im sorry/ I regret + that 从句”，表示说话人的惊异，懊悔，失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意，从句中谓语动词使用“should do”的虚拟结构。It is amazing that he (should) behave so rudely.Thank you!Bye-bye!