初中英语语法精讲：初中英语语法精讲： 孟溪中学：杨芳孟溪中学：杨芳被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本构成：被动语态的基本构成： be+be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词（be+donebe+done) )1.一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are +done We clean the classroom every day.The classroom is cleaned by us every day.He put on a coat.A coat was put on by him.2.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.3.一般将来时一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done They will plant trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrowHe is going to write a letter to his mother.A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.4.现在完成时现在完成时has /have +been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should +be doneI can find him.He can be found by me.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。This watch is made in China.2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Many trees should be planted every year.3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。许多房屋被冲走了。Many houses were washed away by the flood.主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）主动语态：动作的执行者主动语态：动作的执行者+ +谓语动词的主动形式谓语动词的主动形式+ +动作的承受者动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者被动语态：动作的承受者+ +谓语动词的被动形式谓语动词的被动形式+ +动作的执行者动作的执行者 （主语）（主语） （宾语）（宾语）说明：说明：（1 1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。（2 2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由格，并由byby引导。引导。（3)3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。补充部分补充部分1. 主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。 This kind of shirt sells well.2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例： It smells wonderful. Mooncakes taste delicious.3. 在be worth doing中,doing表被动意义。例：This book is worth reading.4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done 例：My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB