UNIT 3Grammar and usageGrammar and usageu Object complementu Either or and neither noru Subject-verb agreement Tasks 英语的五个基本句型结构：英语的五个基本句型结构：S 十十 V 主谓结构主谓结构 He runs quickly S 十十 V 十十 P 主系表结构主系表结构 The story sounds interestingS 十十 V 十十 O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 They built a house last yearS 十十 V 十十 O1 十十 O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat / his seat to meS 十十 V 十十 O 十十 C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构 They found her happy that day u Object complement- Did you find anything special when you went to the classroom?- No, I didnt. - You found the door open, didnt you?- Oh, yes. But I found nobody in the classroom.lUsage An object complement , which gives information about the object, can be a noun, a noun phrase, an adjective, a to-infinitive, a bare infinitive, or a prepositional phrase. 宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分,通常置于通常置于宾语之后。宾语之后。 宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语=复合宾复合宾语。语。可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。词和过去分词。1、名词名词We made him our monitor.They named their daughter Jenny.注注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有： call, name, elect, make, think, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。等。注注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。冠词。 They elected John chairman of the committee.2、形容词、形容词You should keep your room clean and tidy. 注：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, consider, have, leave, paint, drive等。等。I found the door open in the daytime.副词副词I found him out介词短语介词短语 I found nobody in the classroom.3、现在、现在/过去分词过去分词Im sorry to have you waiting for so long.At this moment she noticed Jack coming in.当当现在分词现在分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着有着主谓关系。主谓关系。I once heard this song sung in Japanese. I didnt want the children taken out in such weather.They wanted the work _ with great care.当当过去分词过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着有着动宾关系。动宾关系。to be done4、不定式、不定式I saw him come in and go out我见他进来又出去。我见他进来又出去。I ask you to enjoy English.使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：的取舍问题：1). 在感官动词在感官动词 hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe和使役动词和使役动词 let, have, make等动词后的不定式等动词后的不定式需省去需省去 to 。 但变为被动语态时但变为被动语态时,不定式的不定式的to要还原。要还原。 I saw him cross/crossing the road. He was seen_/ _ the road. 感官动词和使役动词的宾补也可以是现在分词或过去分词。感官动词和使役动词的宾补也可以是现在分词或过去分词。 The machine doesnt work. I must have it repaired now.2) help 一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可，也可 以不带以不带 to。3) v + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词结构中的动词, 所接的宾补一般是不定式。所接的宾补一般是不定式。 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish等等一感二听三使五看一感二听三使五看 一感觉：一感觉：feel 二听：二听： listen to, hear 三使动：三使动：let, have, make 五看：五看： look at, see, watch, notice, observe注：主动不带注：主动不带to，被动要加被动要加to在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）或时也可以用不定式（短语）或that从句来充当。从句来充当。这时，应使用先行这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，移到句子的后部， I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, consider 等。等。l More examples with an object complement(1) We made him chairman of our Students Union.(2) I find the novel interesting and amusing.(3) Please keep the cat out.(4) I am often kept at home all day long on Sunday.Choose the best answers.1. Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry3. He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 4. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make5. The maid is coming today. Well have her _ the windows. A. washed B. to washing C. to wash D. wash6. We found many old people _ at the back of the house, smoking and talking. A. sat B. sit C. seat D. seatedE. sittingl Either or and neither norl Subject-verb agreementFill in the blanks with the right form of the given verbs:1.(1) _ (have) your classmates finished 2. their homework?(2) My friend and I _ (want) to play outside after watching TV.(3) Most of the students _ (prefer) English to Mathematics.(4) _ (have) all of the cake been eaten up?Have wantpreferHave / has (5) Collecting stamps _ (be) one of his favorite pastimes.(6) _ (be) your family a big one?(7) All my family _ (get) up early in the morning.(8) Neither his father nor his mother _ (play) the piano.(9) The remains of the old castle _ (be) destroyed in World War Two.(10) Not only Jim but also his parents _ (be) going to see you next Sunday.isIs getplayswerearelMultiple choice:1. About eighty percent of the students in 2. his class _ below sixteen. A. is B. are C. am D. be2. There _ a map of the world and some pictures on the wall. A. is B. are C. am D. be3. A large quantity of water pipes _ needed. A. are B. is C. has D. haveB A B 4. How and why he _ come to Princeton, New Jersey _ a story of struggle, success and sadness. A. hadwas B. had are C. had has D. had have5. Nobody but Jane and Mary _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is knownA B