Object Clauses宾语从句 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句一、什么是宾语从句？试比较二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）语语 序序( (人称人称) )时时 态态Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员宇航员)?Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone.I dont know if he will come tonight.Lets find out whats on tonight .Find out the Object ClausesWe are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词）2.由连接代词由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。充当句子成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语）（谁的，作定语） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为（为什么，作状语）什么，作状语） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，（谁，作主语）作主语） 注：注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.1.由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词( (一一) )3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right . They didnt know whether Tom could come back or not . if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 表示表示“是否是否”之义，在句中之义，在句中不充当句子成份。不充当句子成份。 if/whether可互换可互换,但但whetheror not为固定搭配为固定搭配.看一看：看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back, please tell me.想一想：想一想：when和和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？点？whenwhen和和if if 既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导状语从句状语从句。在宾语。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现主将从现的的原则原则。1.Idontknow_hewillcomeornot.2.Idontcareof_heishandsome.3.Hewondered_tostayherethenextweek.4._hewillcomeisnotdecided.与与ornot连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与todo不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况1.当ornot紧随连词之后时。如：Idontknowwhetherornothewillcomeontime.我不知道他能否按时来。2.从句用作介词宾语时。如：Iaminterestedinwhetherhejoinedthearmy.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。3.在带to的动词不定式前。如：ShedoesntknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。4.当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,Imnotsure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。Practice time选择选择if/whether。1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Iwonder_heiswell.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_togo. if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况 1.引导条件状语从句If he runs fast, hell get there on time. Ill go to see you if I have time.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.时时态态条件状语从句：条件状语从句： 主将从现主将从现宾语从句：宾语从句：根据需要用相应时态根据需要用相应时态 ( (二二) )、语序、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句主句+连接词连接词+从句（主从句（主+谓谓+其他成分）其他成分）即：即：助动词不能放在主语前面助动词不能放在主语前面。改一改改一改 将下列问句变成陈述句。 1. Can he swim ? swim . 2. Does he have a pen ? a pen . 3. Which place did he go to ? Which place . 4. Whats wrong with you ? . 5. What happened to you ? . 6. Which is the way to the station?station? . . 想一想想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不变？ HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhatswrongwithyou说一说说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。 Whichisthewaytothestation Whatswrong?Whatsthematter?Whatshappening?Whoisoverthere？注：当从句的原句注：当从句的原句为为以下句子以下句子以及以及what,who作主作主语时语时，语语序不序不变变：eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me whoisoverthere?Can you tell me whoheis ?做主语做主语做宾语做宾语( (三三) ).宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear (that)Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）2.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) He will go to Hong Kong .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.1) He to Hong Kong .2) He sick.3) He a book . 4) HeHesaid辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从句句时时态态连连接接前前连连接接后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) willbe goes havereturned hadbeenrisesPracticetime 3. 3.如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。态，从句一律用一般现在时。 （特殊性原则）（特殊性原则）He told me (that) Summer is after Spring .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon. My parents told me (that) no news is good news.比一比比一比宾语从句的简化宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等，其后用that引导的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结 构。如： He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如： I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. I heard her sing some songs in the next room. 3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do. 比一比IdontknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idontknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间间)宾从主练一练1.IdontknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句）Idontknownext.2.Johndidntdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）Johndidntdecide.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）Canyoutellmethebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）CanyoutellLucytheMP5.宾语从句与简单句的转换WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuse宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,guess,believe,imagine等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。其反意疑问句看从句。如：Hewontcometomorrow.Ibelieve.Idontbelievethathewillcometomorrow.I dont think this dress fits you well, does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？I dont think you are right，are you?我认为你是错的,是吗？I dont believe you will finish the work today,will you?我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？Find out the mistakes and correct them.1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student.3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do you know who car it is? wasiswhose六六. .课堂检测课堂检测1.Could you tell me ? A. where the twins wereB. where the twins are C where are the twins D. where were the twins2.A: Do you know ?B: Yes , he came here by train . A. when he came hereB. if he will come here C. why he came here D. how he came here3.She says she English for ten years .A. learned B. has learned C. was learning D. have learned4. The teacher told us that the earth round .A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 5. Tell me . A. what wrong is with him B. whats wrong to him C. what the matter is with him D. whats the matter with him6. My friend asked me .A. who is the girl B. who the girl wasC. who was the girl D. who the girl. Choose the right answers.BDBBDB宾宾语语从从句句三三要要素素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结()1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.ifB.thatC.weatherD.whether()2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which()3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontimetomorrow.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime()4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC Practice()5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation()6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike()7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD()8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis()9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina()10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBCD将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. 宾语从句宾语从句专项练习专项练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_theseflowers_fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_light_fasterthansound.3.Willtherebeameetinginfivedays?Jackdidntknow.Jackdidntknow_there_ameetinginfivedays.thatwerethattravelsifwould be4CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow_French.5Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme_thechildren_games.6Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang_homeworkyet.7Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_inthepicture?howmanypeopleyoucanseeIf/whethertheycanspeakIf/whetherareplayingif/whetherhehadfinishedhis8Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow_hercar?9Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered_often_about.10Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idontknow.Idontknow_atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idontknow.Idontknow_hestill_inthatstreet.if/whetherlivedwheresheparkedwhathetalkedwhoknocked12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _.14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken.15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.if/whether waswhat his names when the train arrivesif/whether wanted二、选择填空。1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid_.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring2.Tomaskedmyfriend_.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry3.Letmetellyou_.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar4.Peterknew_.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis5.Couldyoutellme_?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein6.Icantunderstand_theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft7.Shetoldmethesun_intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen8.Idontknow_upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot9.Themanagercameuptosee_A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.whatsthematter10.Heaskedhisfather_.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen11.Noonetellsus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_thecomputer.A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking13.Theydontknow_theirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which14.Wheredoyouthink_he_theTVset?Sorry,Ivenoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_itwouldbelikein_fiveyears.A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another16.Couldyoutellme_?Yes.He_totheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone17.Mikewantstoknowif_apicnictomorrow.Yes.Butifit_,wellvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains18.Ireallydontknowifshe_itwhenshe_.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives19.MissLiusaid_shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmastersdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what20.Heaskedme_.A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheldC.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_Who Moved My Cheese wasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if22.Youmustremember_.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid23.Idontknow_.A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIliveC.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein24.Doyouknowwhenhe_back?Sorry,Idont.Whenhe_back,Illtellyou.A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome25Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake26Marysaidthatshe_toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_aPEclasstoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are28.Canyoutellme_youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that29.Idontknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where30.Doyouknow_theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatB.whenC.whyD.how三、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme_hedidntgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow_elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid_itwouldntmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks_hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydontknow_thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydontknow_togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout_wellgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat_Isaw.(where,what)9.Idontknow_somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow_youarestudyingfor?(why,what)四、句型转换1. “Do you want to try it?” Toms mother asked him.(同义句)Toms mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy hasnt decided which trousers to buy.Lucy hasnt decided _ _ _ _ buy.4. I dont know how I can get to the hospital. I dont know _ _ _ to the hospital.5. I dont suppose they will come, _ _ ? (改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe_(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho_(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice_(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_(work).7.Hesaidthathe_(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_(help)him.10.Shedoesntknowwhether_(go)orwait.Thanks