Module 1Basketball Period 3Grammar 语法专题课 构词法(转换和派生)【课前热身课前热身】1. 理解下列句子并试着写出理解下列句子并试着写出average在句中的含义和在句中的含义和词性。词性。He finished his first season (19841985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28. 2 points per game. (意义意义:_ 词性词性: _) 平均平均名词名词During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game. (意义意义: _词性词性: _)Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season. (意义意义: _词性词性: _)平均的平均的形容词形容词平均为平均为动词动词2. 理解下列句子并写出黑体单词在句中的含义。理解下列句子并写出黑体单词在句中的含义。She showed a talent for music when she was at an early age. ( )That girl became a musician later. ( )音乐音乐音乐家音乐家I wonder if you could help me with this problem. ( )What a wonderful film we watched that night! ( )疑惑疑惑, 想知道想知道精彩的精彩的When her dog died, Alice didnt seem to care at all. ( )She is always a careful girl. ( )She always does her homework carefully. ( )关心关心细心的细心的细心地细心地【课堂诠解课堂诠解】1. 转换法。转换法。(1) 一个词不变化其词形一个词不变化其词形, 而由一种词性转换为另一种而由一种词性转换为另一种或几种词性或几种词性, 这种语法现象叫作词性转换。这种语法现象叫作词性转换。(2)词性转换通常包括以下几种类型词性转换通常包括以下几种类型: 名词名词转换为动词。例如转换为动词。例如: eyen. 眼睛眼睛 v. _dressn. 衣服衣服v. _注视注视穿衣服穿衣服动词转换为名词。例如动词转换为名词。例如: showv. 展示展示 n. _plantv. 种植种植 n. _形容词转换为动词。例如形容词转换为动词。例如: slowadj. 慢的慢的 v. _correct adj. 正确的正确的 v. _展览展览植物植物放慢速度放慢速度改正改正名词转换为副词。名词转换为副词。例如例如: backn. _ adv. 向后向后, 回原处回原处副词转换为动词。例如副词转换为动词。例如: downadv. 向下向下 v. _形容词转换为名词。例如形容词转换为名词。例如: goodadj. 好的好的 n. _后背后背下降下降善行善行; 好处好处2. 派生法。派生法。(1) 在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来构成在一个词的词根前面或后面加上某个词缀来构成新词新词, 这种构词法叫作派生法。这种构词法叫作派生法。(2)常见前缀及含义常见前缀及含义: 前前缀意意义例例词un-不不unimportant, unfair, unlikeim-/in-不不impossible, invisibledis-不不, 非非dislike, dishonestre-再再, 重重retell, rewrite, recycle前前缀意意义例例词mis-错误地地mistake, misunderstandinter-在在之之间 international, Interneten-使使encourage, enablekilo-千千kilometer, kilogram(3)常见后缀及含义常见后缀及含义: 后后缀意意义例例词-er/-or/-ist指人的身份指人的身份worker, inventor, artist-ful充充满的的thankful, useful-ish有有属性属性childish, foolish-ance指行指行为状状态performance-ian指人的身份指人的身份musician后后缀意意义例例词-less缺乏缺乏, 没有没有careless, homeless-en使使变得得widen, strengthen-tion/-ment变为名名词operation, improvement-y/-al/-able变为形容形容词windy, national, comfortable用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。(2017浙江高考浙江高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object. (2015全国卷全国卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _(slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house. shiny/shiningslowly(2017全国卷全国卷)It is _(certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I cannot control my body well. My legs become _ (pain). certainlypainful【名师指津名师指津】改变词义或词性揭秘改变词义或词性揭秘前缀通常改变词义前缀通常改变词义, 不改变词性。例如不改变词性。例如: like(像像) unlike(不像不像); 后缀通常改变词性而不大改变词义后缀通常改变词性而不大改变词义(表示否定的后缀除外表示否定的后缀除外)。例如。例如: thank(v. ) thankful (adj. )【共享课堂共享课堂】1. 词义转换和词义派生是两种基本的构词法。词义转换和词义派生是两种基本的构词法。2. 转换是指一个词形式不变而转化为其他词性转换是指一个词形式不变而转化为其他词性; 派生派生是指在一个词的前面或后面加上一个前缀或后缀而构是指在一个词的前面或后面加上一个前缀或后缀而构成其他的词。成其他的词。