学案一各司其职的句子成分写作运用探究句子由多个部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。明确句子各部分的功用就能最大限度地减少病句的出现。一、主语主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。高考佳句What impresses us most are your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.(2016天津，标准范文)给我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，在其中你表现出杰出的才能。Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do.(2016浙江，标准范文)规划是好的因为它详细地决定了我们如何做。The three selections presented above are typical examples.(2015江苏，书面表达)以上呈现的三种选择是典例。Today，more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.(2014江苏，书面表达)现在越来越多的英语词汇进入汉语语言。【即时演练】完成句子1._ is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.(2015天津，满分作文) 我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。2.Sometimes_ can mean getting more.(2015浙江，标准范文) 有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到的更多。3._ is the second thing you should learn.(2014江西，满分作文) 如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。答案1.What I am going to tell you2.giving up a little 3.How to get along well with others二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。高考佳句Therefore， I hold a positive attitude towards on-line voting.(2016江苏，书面表达)所以对于网上投票我持赞成态度。Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.(2016全国，标准范文)我打算在暑假期间在我的城市申请一份在一家外国公司的兼职的工作。Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.(2015浙江，标准范文)有一次让我们决定是到公园野餐还是去博物馆。【即时演练】完成句子4.I_to apply for the position as a student volunteer.(2015陕西，标准范文) 我在写信申请担任学生志愿者这个职位。5.Half an hour later，I _ to find the right answer.(2015湖北，短文写作) 半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。6.After many times of failure，I _at last.(2014新课标全国，满分作文) 失败多次之后，我终于成功了。答案4.am writing5.managed6.succeeded三、宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者，通常位于及物动词和介词的后面。宾语通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等充当。高考佳句As for our class，we decided to take full advantage of waste materials.(2016北京，满分作文)至于我们班，我们决定充分利用废旧材料。I know you take good pictures and youve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.(2016全国，标准范文)我知道你拍照很好，你一直想为环保做些事情。But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. (2015江苏，书面表达)但是仅有规则是无法保证良好的社会秩序。【即时演练】完成句子7.Suddenly he thought of _ before setting out. 他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。8.First of all，I think _ very important_. 首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。答案7.seeing the beautiful views of the city again8.it；to make more friends abroad四、定语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的，常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。高考佳句The theme of the show is environmental protection.(2016全国，标准范文)这个展览的主题是环境保护。I have written my application letter and my resume，which are enclosed in the attachment.(2016全国，满分作文)我写了我的求职信和简历，并放在了附件中。In spite of the large scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.(2015江苏，书面表达)尽管大量建设公路与高速公路，仍然有很大的完善空间，因为这些年小汽车数量的不断增加。As the number of English learners is on the rise，its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.(2014江苏，书面表达)学习英语的人数量在增加，对于他们来说在汉语语境中不难理解这些词汇。【即时演练】完成句子9.Finally，I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life，_.(2015安徽，标准范文) 最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。10.Youve introduced two ways _.(2015重庆，标准范文) 你介绍了两种分享书籍的方法。答案9.which must be very interesting10.to share books五、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分叫状语。常由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。高考佳句If its convenient for you，lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.(2016全国，标准范文)如果你方便，咱们在 8：30 在校门口见。When the craftsman came into the classroom，we gave him a warm welcome.(2015北京，满分作文)当这位艺人走进教室时，我们表示热烈欢迎。It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015江苏，书面表达)为了保持社会秩序，并使其走入正轨遵守规则是每个人的职责。Generally，I am in favour of the conclusion.总体来说，我赞成这个结论。(2014江苏，书面表达)【即时演练】完成句子11.After a weeks trip， he returned home，_. 旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。12._，my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster. 为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。答案11.tired but very happy12.In order to solve this problem六、补足语补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、多由形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。高考佳句This project broadened our horizons and made us learn many things.(2016天津，满分作文)这个项目拓宽我们的视野，让我们学到许多东西。Hopefully，these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.(2015天津，标准范文)这些书籍有望帮助同学们更好地认识和理解汉语。Whats worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015江苏，书面表达)更糟糕的是，有些司机、骑自行车的人及行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。【即时演练】完成句子13.Well try our best to make our country _. 我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。14.Therefore，dont let your children_. 因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。15.He was once again found _. 有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。答 案 13.more and more beautiful 14.grow up in the greenhouse15.wandering along the city street七、表语表语与其前的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。高考佳句Would it be convenient for you if we go to the bookshop this Sunday？(2016全国，满分作文)如果这个星期天我们去书店，你方便吗？The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.交通问题是一个难题。(2015江苏，书面表达)Although the answer seemed a little strange，nobody but I doubted it.(2015湖北，标准范文)尽管答案有些奇怪，但只有我对此产生了怀疑。【即时演练】完成句子16.Several minutes passed but the whole class was_.(2015湖南，标准范文) 几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。17.Our aim is _. 我们的目的是帮助他们摆脱困境。答案16.in complete silence17.to help them (to) get out of the trouble八、同位语对句中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与该成分在语法上处于同等地位的成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。高考佳句My name is Li Jin，chairman of the Student Union of our school.(2016天津，满分作文)我的名字叫李津，我们学校的学生会主席。We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival，a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.(2015全国，满分作文)我们打算去当地一家敬老院过即将到来的重阳节，该节日显示了我们对老年人的尊重。【即时演练】完成句子18.Zhang Ming， _， has won the first prize. 张明，一位来自中国的中学生，获得了一等奖。19.I hold the opinion _. 我认为，我们应该帮助他们克服目前的困难。答案18.a middle school student from China19.that we should help them (to) overcome the present difficulty单句跟踪演练答案1.状语主语谓语宾语状语 2.状语主语谓语宾语 3.主语谓语宾语宾补状语 4.主语定语谓语(系动词表语) 5.状语主语谓语主补 6.主语谓语同位语.完成句子1.Our class _ to make better use of used materials.(2016北京，标准范文) 我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。2.Since then，math _，and I have also made rapid progress in it.(2015湖南，满分作文) 从那时起，数学成了我最喜欢的学科之一，并且我在数学上也取得了巨大的进步。3.To learn English well，we should find opportunities _. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。4._，I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence.(2015湖南，满分作文) 在那一时刻，我成为全班的焦点，充满了骄傲和自信。5.I think，good books are _ to students. 我认为好书对学生非常有价值。6.These days, _ are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment. 最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。答案1.came up with the idea2.has become one of my favorite subjects3.to hear English spoken as much as possible4.At that moment5.valuable/of great value 6.breaking traffic rules and littering