七年级上英语册Unit 1 语法和写作知识讲解一、语法解析（一）含be动词的一般现在时（1）歌谣：be动词有三个，am、is还有are;我（I）用am,你（you）用are;is连着他（he）、她（she）、它（it）； 单数名词用is,复数全部都用are.Eg:I ama good girl.我是一个好女孩。You aremy best friend.你是我最好的朋友。He isfrom England.他来自英国。She ismy sister.她是我姐姐。It isa cute dog.它是一条可爱的狗。The boy isclever.那个男孩很聪明。They arein the same school.他们在同一所学校。The dogs aresmall.那些狗很小。（2）歌谣：be动词多变化，am, is还有are； 变否定很简单，not放在be后面；变疑问往前提，句首大写莫迟疑；还有一点要注意，句末问号别忘记。注意：在含有be动词的句子，变否定句时在be动词后加not；变一般疑问句把be动词提前。Eg:(1)I ama good girl.-Im nota good girl.-Are youa good girl? 肯定回答：Yes, I am .否定回答：No, Im not.(2)He isfrom English.-He isntfrom English.-Is hefrom English? 肯定回答：Yes, he is.否定回答：No, he isnt.(3)They arein the same school.-They arentin the same school.-Are theyin the same school? 肯定回答：Yes, they are.否定回答：No, they arent（3）be动词的缩略式：肯定式：Im = I am; youre = you are; hes = he is; shes = she is;its = it is; were = we are; theyre = they are否定式：Im not; you arent; he isnt; she isnt; it isnt;we arent; they arent（4）系动词Be的用法：在一般现在时中，be后常加形容词、名词、介词短语等做表语，说明身份、年龄、状态等。Eg:I am very happy.（be + adj.）I am a student.(be + n.)She is at home now.(be +介词短语)（二）人称代词人称代词的形式：人称代词主要是指人的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I我Mewe我们us第二人称You你YouYou你们You第三人称阳性He他HimThey他们Them阴性She她Her她们中性It它It它们人称代词的功能1)主格代词常作主语，宾格代词常作动词或介词的宾语。Eg:Ilike playing football.( I在句中作主语）我喜欢踢足球。Youcan askmefor advice.( me在句中作ask宾语）你可以向我咨询建议。2)宾格代词有时可代替主格代词在比较级中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词(尤其是其后跟有同位语all时).Eg:Heis taller thanusall.他比我们都高。在情景对话中，当省去谓语时Eg:-Who can drive a bus? -Me.-谁会开公交车？-我。表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪。Eg:Whyme?(表示一种不满的情绪）为什么是我？用作表语时，口语中常用宾语Eg:- Who is there? - Itsme.-谁在那？-是我。3)三个人称的代词同时出现时，其单数人称排列顺序一般是“2 - 3 - 1”；复数人称排列顺序一般为“ 1 - 2 - 3”Eg:You,she and Iall enjoy music.你我她都喜欢音乐。注意：在承担责任、承认错误、检讨工作时，排列顺序为“ 1 - 2 - 3”Eg:I and sheare to blame for the accident.她和我都应该为这次事故负责。it的用法it用作人称代词，代替事物。1)代替刚提到的过的一件事，既可以直接一个具体的东西，也可以指前面所谈的事情或情况。Eg:Please giveitto me.请把它给我。2)习惯上用it代替this/that等指示代词。Eg:-Whos this? -Itis my mum.-这是谁？ -它是我妈妈。3)it常代替无法或没有必要分性别的人；有时指某个动作的人或心里所指的人。Eg:Someone is knocking at the door.Go to see whoitis.有人在敲门。去看看是谁。4)指距离、时间、季节、天气、气候等自然现象、指环境、情况等。Eg:Its sunny today.今天天气晴朗。Its 10:00 now.现在10点。5)it常用作形式主语句式：It is +形容词+ for sb./ of sb.to do sth.Eg:Itis important for us to learn English.对我们来说学英语很重要。Itis kind of you to help me.你能帮我真善良。注意：形容词如果形容人的品格则用of；否则用for6)it常用作形式宾语Eg:He founditdifficult to learn maths.他发现学数学很难。26个字母用法详解：英语中共有26个字母，其中包括5个元音字母（Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu）及21个辅音字母。知识拓展：（1）26个字母按音素分类：（1）大写字母用法小结：句子的开头：Eg:Theygo to school on foot every day.他们每天走路上学。姓和名的首字母：Eg:TonySmith；MaLi；MaDongmei国家、城市、街道等地名首字母：Eg:China；Beijing；Happy Street星期、月份等首字母：Eg:Monday；May特定的节日首字母：Eg:SpringFestival；Christmas书名、电影、杂志等作品首字母：Eg:Hamlet； Times组织机构名称首字母：Eg:theUnitedNations称谓首字母：Eg:Mr.；Mrs.第一人称主格I及OK，无论在句中什么位置都需大写。Eg:ImOK.二、写作话题一：Introduce yourself and your new friends.提示：1.My name is .2.I like .3.Im in Class.Grade.4.Im from.5.I can .6.My favourite .is .7.Her/ His name is .8.She/ He is .years old.9.She/ He likes .10.We are good friends.写作步骤定文体(记叙文)、人称(第一人称)、时态(一般现在时)范文：Hello, everyone.Im Lucy from Sunshine Middle School.Id like to introduce my best friend Betty.Betty is 14 years old.She looks slim and cute.She is in Grade 7.She is kind and helpful.At school she learns many subjects, such as maths, art and PE.English is her favourite subject.Betty also loves reading very much.She is a member of the reading club.She is good at playing table tennis.She often plays it with me after school.Betty loves drawing too because she thinks it is fun.But she dislikes basketball because she cant play it well.Thats all.Thank you!5