八年级（下）期末复习二八年级（下）期末复习二 形容词、副词形容词、副词 的比较级和最高级的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv. 板桥中学秦义板桥中学秦义大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级。一、构成规则及变化一、构成规则及变化: : 1 1、规则变化、规则变化 2 2、不规则变化、不规则变化1. 规则变化规则变化:1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加后加-er 构成比较级构成比较级 或或-est构成最高级构成最高级. 如：如： 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 cold colder coldest bright brighterbrightest young younger youngest2) 以字母以字母 e 结尾的词只加结尾的词只加 r 或或-st 构成构成 比较级比较级和和最高级最高级。 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时时, 先双写这个辅音字母先双写这个辅音字母, 再加再加-er或或-est。如如: big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词， 先改先改y为为i, 再加再加-er或或-est。如：。如： easy easier easiest happy happier happiest5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more 或或most。如：。如： delicious more delicious most delicious interesting more interesting most interesting importantmore important most importantcarefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly -most quicklyslowly-more slowly -most slowlyeasily- more easily -most easily2. 不不规则变化：化：原原级比比较级最高最高级 good /well better best bad /badly/ill worse worst little less least many /much more most far farther /further farthest /furthest old older /elder oldest /eldest现学现练一：1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less least二、形容词和副词比较级的二、形容词和副词比较级的用法用法 1.Who runs faster, he or she?2.He runs faster than she.3.He runs much faster than she.4.He becomes healthier and healthier.5.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.6.She is less healthy than he. 1.表示两者之表示两者之间的的选择,可用可用 “Which/Who + 比比较，or?”.2. 2.表示两者之表示两者之表示两者之表示两者之间间的比的比的比的比较较，通常用，通常用，通常用，通常用连词连词 than than 引引引引导导， 表示表示表示表示“ “更更更更一些一些一些一些” ”3.much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit 修修饰比比较级,表示程度表示程度.Who runs faster, he or she?He runs faster than she.He runs much faster than she.4. “比比较级+and+比比较级”表示表示“越来越越来越”5. “the+比比较级 , the + 比比较级”表示表示“ 越越, 越越 ” 6. 表示不及另一方表示不及另一方时，用，用“less+原原级+than” (双音双音节和多音和多音节词)He becomes healthier and healthier.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.She is less healthy than he.He is healthier than she.Shanghai is becoming more and more modern.现学现练二：现学现练二：1.比较级比较级 + and +比较级比较级 越来越越来越2.the+比较级比较级 , the + 比较级比较级 越越, 越越 3._you are, _mistakes you will make. (你越仔细，做错的题目就越少） 4. _you eat, _youll be.(你吃得越多,就越胖)5. Alice writes well. Mary writes _ than she. (甚至更好）The more carefulthe fewerThe morethe fatter1.The girl becomes _. (越来越漂亮）more and more beautiful2. The weather is getting _. (越来越槽糕）worse and worseeven / still better1.用法：英用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比中三者或三者以上相比较，表示，表示“最最” 这样的最高程度概念的最高程度概念时，要用，要用 “the+最高最高级” 的的结构表示。构表示。这种句式一般种句式一般带有表有表示比示比较的介的介词短短语，比如，比如: in our class, of the three 等。等。例如：例如：Wang Lin is the tallest in our class. This theater is the cheapest of the three.注意使用最高注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点：注意以下几点： 三、形容词和副词的最高级形容词和副词的最高级 (1) 表示表示 “中最中最之一之一” 的句式，要用的句式，要用 one of the +形容形容词最高最高级+复数名复数名词。例如例如: Jingjiang Hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our city. Lisa is not one of my best friends. (2) 当最高当最高级前面有物主代前面有物主代词或名或名词所有格所有格时， 不加定冠不加定冠词 the。例如：例如：Tom is Lucys best friend. Tuesday is her busiest day.(3) 最高最高级前可加序数前可加序数词。例如：例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.(4) 形容最高形容最高级修修饰作表作表语或介或介词宾语的名的名词，代代词时，被修，被修饰的的词往往省略。往往省略。例如：例如：He is the laziest (student) in our class. 1.Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china. (large)2.Our teacher is as _ as before. (Our teacher is as _ as before. (busy). ).3.He is _ among us. (3.He is _ among us. (careful) )4.Li Lei jumped far _ than Jim. (far)4.Li Lei jumped far _ than Jim. (far)5.The busier he is, the _ he feels. (5.The busier he is, the _ he feels. (happy) )6.I think Yao Ming is one of _ basketball players in NBA. (hot)busythe most carefulfartherhappierlargestthe hottest现学现练三（完成句子）现学现练三（完成句子）1.表示三者或三者以上比表示三者或三者以上比较,可用可用”Which/Who +最高最高级, ,or ?”表示表示.2. 最高最高级+of/among (同同类比比较) in (范范围比比较)4.one of + 形容形容词最高最高级 +名名词复数表示复数表示“最最 之一之一”3. 序数序数词修修饰最高最高级总结提高总结提高Who is the tallest, Tom , Mike , or Jack?Tom is the tallest of the three.Mike is the second tallest student in our class.Jack is one of the tallest students in our class.Tom runs (the) fastest in our class.1. Paul is very _ . He is _ than his brother . A. heavy - heavierB. heavy - heavy C. heavier - heavier D. heavy-heavyer2. It has the _ clothing store in the town. A. goodest B. gooddest C. best D. better3. This ruler is _ than that one. A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest4. This book is _ of all. A. cheapest B. cheap C. cheaper D. the cheapest5. He is much _ than his brother. A. tall B. taller C. the tallest D. tallest6. Li Lei is _ older than Lucy. A. quite B. very C. much D. moreExercise: 一一. 单选单选7. This is one of _ films of this year. A. more exciting B. exciting C. the most exciting D. most exciting8. The weather in Beijing is colder than_. A. in Guangzhou B. Guangzhou C. that in Guangzhou D. that from Guangzhou9. Tom is _ of the two boys. A. taller B. tallest C. the taller D. the tallest10. Of my parents, my father looks_. A. old B. older C. the oldest D. the older11. This watch is _ than that one. A. much expensive B. expensiver C. more expensiver D. more expensive 3. Lin Tao is _ in the class because he never gets to school on time. （最（最懒的学生之一）的学生之一）4. Edison was_ in the world. (最最伟大的大的发明家之一）明家之一）one of the laziest studentsone of the greatest inventors1.The Yangtze River is_ river in the world. (第三第三长河）河）the third longest2. The Atlantic is _ ocean in the world. ( 第二大洋）第二大洋）the second biggest二、翻译句子：二、翻译句子：