Section ASection ALonging for a New Longing for a New Welfare SystemWelfare SystemAn insight into lifeof welfare clients in US Suggestions to improvethe present welfare system S S e e c c t t i i o o n n B B A Blind Man Helped Me A Blind Man Helped Me See the Beautiful World See the Beautiful WorldGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter-class Tasks After-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesB4Unit 3Warming-up Questions1.Which person is more likely to get welfare assistance? Why?a teenage worker, 15 years old, parents died , working in a small coal mine a rubbish picker, 78 years old, no living partner, no children a child beggar, 7 years old, no chance to go to school a three-year-old child, severely ill, no money for medical treatment a middle-aged man, disabled with both arms and legs, still earning his life by repairing bicycles a six-year-old child, disabled in walking, begging for money on the road welfare is commonly provided to those who are unemployed, those with illness or disability, those of old age, those with dependent children and to veterans. A persons eligibility for welfare may also be constrained by means testing or other conditions.2. How can we help the disabled?Use the modern technologies-assistive technologies to make the life of the disabled much easier.Chinese National Help-the-disabled Day-the third Sunday of May.Offer more job vacancies.Build barrier-free facilities nationwide.Improve the service industries towards the handicapped.Reform on the medical and relief policies and make them more favorable and practical. In the United States, they do not have national identification cards. Instead, in the 1930s, the Social Security Administration (SSA) was created, and the federal government mandated that all legal residents and citizens must have a valid social security card. The Social Security Administration issues these numbers to applicants who meet their criteria. Social Security Card A Social Security number is important, because the federal government uses it to keep track of how much your yearly wages are and how much tax you owe in federal income taxes. Most states require a Social Security number when applying for a drivers license. Applying for state public assistance such as Food Stamps, Medicaid, Unemployment Compensation, TANIF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) also requires a Social Security Card. The Social Security Payments The Social Security payments taken out by the federal government are placed in a special fund (that earns interest) to pay out Social Security benefits to those who are retired, disabled, or who are a surviving spouse or child. They are also used to help pay the Social Security Administration for administering their programs.Social Security BenefitsSocial Security DisabilityA person must be examined by a medical doctor and be proven to be disabled to receive this benefit, which includes some special programs and health insurance under Medicare.Family BenefitsIf a spouse was receiving Social Security benefits, and passes away, the surviving spouse and/or dependent children may be eligible for survivors benefits.Supplemental Security Income (SSI). If a person earns an extremely low income, they may qualify for a special program administered by Social Security known as Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Eligibility for this federally funded program must be determined, and then SSI will be given to those who have demonstrated need. It was originally designed to help the aged (who are over 65), the blind, and the disabled who are unable to work and whose income is so low that they cannot meet basic needs for food and shelter. Blind or disabled children can also receive this benefit in some cases.Other Examples: Under the current U.S. welfare system, an unmarried woman with no income can have a child and receive an average of more than $3500 a year in cash assistance from the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program. Existing Problems The United States has the most regressive system of welfare for poor people among developed nations in the twenty-first century, and in recent years it has become even more punitive. The worlds self-professed leading democracy lacks a national health care policy, a universal right to health care, and a comprehensive family policy. Welfare applicants are subjected to personal intrusions, arcane regulations, and constant surveillance, all designed to humiliate recipients and deter potential applicants.11R Text Study Text StudyR Words and Expressions Words and ExpressionsR Writing WritingR Home Assignment Home AssignmentI. Structure AnalysisI. Structure AnalysisPartPara.Main Idea11_General images of welfare clients and welfare caseworkers under the present system.2_Problems with the present welfare system.3_ Suggestions to improve the present welfare system.34141517Introduction + Problems + SuggestionsWelfare clientsare believed tocheat moremoney out ofthe presentwelfare system.(Para.1) General images of welfare clients and welfare caseworkers under the present systemThere are welfareclients who chooseto live a life of complete honesty. (Para.2)The relationshipbetween welfareclients andcaseworkers istense. (Para.3) Part ICaseworkerstry to convict welfare clientof cheating.One example is offered. Problems with the present welfare systemWelfare clientsfind it extremelydifficult to havetheir wheelchairs repaired. Oneexample is offered. If welfare clients make money, they have to gothrough theembarrassingsituation of being questioned to account for everypenny. The welfaresystem doesnot encourage welfare clientsto work tosupport them-selves andmake a gradualshift away from welfare.Part II(Paras.4-8)(Paras.9-12)(Para.13)(Para.14) There needs tobe lawyers toprotect the rights of welfare clients. Suggestions to improve the present welfare systemWelfare clientsshould take stepsto fight for morerights for themselves. A new system issuggested toencourage welfareclients to develop theirtalents and supportthemselves. Part III(Para.15)(Para.16)(Para.17)II. UnderstandingII. Understanding1. Answer the following questions:1) What kind of person is the author? handicapped; confined to wheelchair; carrying a urine bag everyday; independent; self-respect; self-support; self-madecaseworkermedical workerwheelchair repair companymain welfare officethe handicapped client2) How could the writer possibly get his wheelchair repaired? Its very difficult for welfare clients to ask for extra financial help.3) What can you conclude from the procedure of asking for wheelchair repairs?4) How do you describe Suzanne? arrogant; suspicious; indifferent; careless; business-like; a detective2. Fill in the chart with the information given in the text. The Current Welfare SystemThe New Welfare Systemwelfare clientswelfare giversthe authors opinionearn part or all of their own livings; develop their talent without guilt or fear.encourage clients to work / live a better life / earn their own livings.People will thrive under it.cheat; bleed the system for extra money.seek to convict the clients of cheating.It can be easily abusedby the welfare givers as well as the clients.III. SummaryIII. SummaryLife in a wheelchair is tough. Living on welfare is just like sharing a dinner of raw pet food _ the cat. Many welfare _ do not have money to _ a decent life. As a result, lying and cheating the _ system for _ money becomes normal. However, some unusual individuals, who have made a choice to live a life of complete _, do tell the truth to caseworkers and _ any extra income theymake. Being honest, however, is not without its problems. withclientslivewelfareextrahonestydeclare(To be continued)Caseworkers will greatly _ the frequency of their visits and leave behind a small mountain of paper work for the client to _ out. The rules say that not a penny is to be _ for. Not a single gift, no matter how small, is to be unreported. These rules and the natural consequent lying unfortunately tend to transform caseworkers from being helpers of the poor to being _ constantlysearching for any forms of cheating.increasefill unaccounteddetectivesIV. ReproductionIV. ReproductionStudent A acts as John Callahan, the welfare client, while Student B acts as Suzanne, the caseworker. Role-play the situation, using as many words and expressions in the textas possible.A sample beginningA sample beginningStudent A: Good morning. This is John Callahan. May I speak to Suzanne?Student B: This is Suzanne speaking. What seems to be the trouble today, Mr. Callahan? Student A: My wheelchair cant stop properly. It needs a new brake this time, Im afraid. Student B: But Mr. Callahan, its only a week since you last had your chair repaired. Ive heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average. 1. Suppose (L1)I. Word StudyI. Word Study1) to think probable; to believe or guess e.g.e.g.A：I suppose youll be going to the meeting?B：Yes, I suppose so / No, I dont suppose so.2) to acceptas true for the sake of argument; to consider as a possibility e.g.e.g.Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps. (Lets) suppose we each had $100 to spend. What shall we do? 1. be supposed to e.g.e.g. I havent seen it myself, but its supposed to be a great movie. 1) to be generally believed or expected to be or do something Eating too much fat is commonly supposed to cause heart disease.e.g.e.g. The meeting was supposed to end at 4 p.m. 1. be supposed to 2) to be expected or required to do or to be something according to a rule, a custom, an arrangement, etc.Use itUse itWhat are you supposed to do if you want to leave the classroom? Youre not supposed to smoke here.2. bleed (L2) vt./vi.1)vi.- to feel sympathetic grief or anguish e.g.e.g.2) vt.- to obtain money from, especially by improper means. bleedforbleedforidiomidiomThe west is bleeding poor countries dry through interest payments on their debts.My heart bleeds for the victims of the air crash. bleeddry/white 把钱财榨干3. pension (L4) n./ vt.1)A sum of money paid regularly as a retirement benefit e.g.e.g.2) to allow to retire, or to dismiss, with a pension e.g.e.g.Not everyone wants to be pensioned off at 65.He lives on his pension.a retirement pension 退休金4. opt vi. (L6) to make a choiceTranslation Translation e.g. e.g. e.g.e.g.When he left school, he opted to go to college and study for a degree, rather than getting a job straight away.很多学生选择继续深造。Many students opt to further their study.Most people opt for buying their own houses rather than renting them. 5. to drum up (L. 6)竭力争取；大力招揽竭力争取；大力招揽, 招徕，鼓吹招徕，鼓吹记忆联想：原义为记忆联想：原义为“击鼓召集人员击鼓召集人员”To drum up ones business. 招徕生意。招徕生意。To drum up the partys political allegation.鼓吹本党派的政治主张。鼓吹本党派的政治主张。6. under the table (L. 8) 私下，背地里私下，背地里Business under the table. Opposite:公开地。公开地。A.On the table.On the table.7. yield to (para 2) 1) stop resistingI yield to an impulse.The government refused to yield to the hostage takers (人质挟持者)demand8. profile (L10) n. silhouette 1) a side view of someones head 侧面像，侧影2) a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place. 人物简介，概况3) a high/low profile 引人注目/低调collocationcollocationphotograph him in profile 从侧面给他拍照write a profile for him给他写小传keep a low profile 保持低调DNA profilingDNA 鉴定 （for crime inspection）9. deep down (L. 11) 在心底在心底 at the bottom of ones heartCollocations with “deep”:Deep-felt (gratitude): Deep-fried (foods):Deep-kiss: vt. Deep-rooted/deep-seated/deep-set. 10. to make fool of sb. (L 12) 愚弄某人愚弄某人Similar:Make a goose of sb.Make a hare of sb.Pull ones leg.make a fool of oneself出洋相 11. be entitled to (L13) Everyones entitled to vote when they are above 18.e.g.e.g.Translation Translation KeyKeyto have the right to have or do something你到65岁时，可以享受养老金。You will be entitled to a pension when you reach 65.Word FormWord Formen+名词e.g.e.g.enflame encircle encourage enchainencase encage enroll 12. liberal (L14) n. Translation Translation KeyKeyC someone who accepts different opinions or ways of behavingHe regarded himself as a liberal and a friend of the poor and black people.他自认为是一个开明的人，是穷人和黑人的朋友。e.g.e.g.Translation Translation 13. liberal a.1) willing to accept different opinions or ways of behavingWe were fortunate enough to have a very liberal teacher.她的父母思想开明，让她拥有许多自由。Her parents are very liberal and allow her a lot of freedom. 同义词同义词同义词同义词open-minded, enlightened, unprejudiced 14. liberal a.2) giving or taking generously Hes very liberal with promises but much less so with money.Translation Translation KeyKey 他承诺时很慷慨，但给钱时远非如此。 I think Sam is too liberal with his criticism. 我认为萨姆太爱批评人了。15. certify vt. 同根词同根词同根词同根词certificate n. 证明(书)；结业证书certification n. 证明；鉴定to state that something is correct or true，especially after some kind of test The accounts were certified correct by the finance department. The doctor certified me unfit to go to work for the next month. I was certified as a teacher in 2000.licensed16. to get the cheapest bid (L. 41) 拿到最低的报价拿到最低的报价We had hoped to get the house but another We had hoped to get the house but another couple was bidding against us.couple was bidding against us.投标投标投标投标: : Several firms have bid for the contract to Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.build the new concert hall. The house went to the highest bidderThe house went to the highest bidder Any higher/further bidsAny higher/further bids ？Bid farewell/adieu to sb. 与某人道别与某人道别Bid sb. good morning. 向某人请早安向某人请早安17. alert vt. e.g.e.g.1) to make someone notice something important or dangerous An anonymous (匿名的) letter alerted police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport. He alerted teachers to the importance of observing children at play.Translation Translation KeyKey18. alert a. 2) paying attention to what is happening and ready to react if necessaryPassengers should try to stay alert at all times and report any suspicious packages to the police immediately.乘客应该尽量一直保持警觉，发现任何可疑的包裹都要立即向警方报告。UsageUsagebe alert to do The authorities should have been alert to the possibility of invasion.19. alert n. UsageUsageBe on the alert (for)e.g.e.g.Be on the alert for the pickpocket.You should be on the alert when you cross the street in heavy traffic.Watchful and prepared for danger, emergency, or opportunity 20. account for to be or give a reason for something or doingsomethingTranslation Translation How do you account for losing five games in a row?KeyKey 你如何解释一连输了五场比赛呢？Other PhrasesOther Phraseson account of = because of, for the sake of on no account= under no circumstances 绝不= by oneself, on ones ownon (ones) own accountThere needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rightsThere seems to be some problemsCould you be quiet? There happens to be a lecture going on.In a smalltown in Germany there once lived a poor shoemaker.There remains nothing more to be doneSuddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in blackChampion:nChampion:n 维护者维护者维护者维护者A champion for justice She was a champion for the poor all her life.21. lend oneself / itself toto be adaptable to something, to be useful for e.g. e.g. This room doesnt lend itself to bright colors.TranslationTranslation Any system of taxation lends itself to manipulation by clever or unscrupulous men.任何税收制度都有可能被那些狡猾诡诈的人或无耻之徒钻空子。 22. thrive vi. New businesses thrive in this area. Three managers have left because of the pressure of work but Simpson seems to thrive on stress. to become very successful or very strong and healthy 这地方新开张的生意都很兴隆。 由于工作的压力，已有三位经理离职了，但辛普森却在压力面前越做越好。Translation Translation KeyKey22. thrive vi. A man can never thrive with a wasteful wife. to become very successful or very strong and healthye.g. e.g. Babies thrives on their mothers milk. 妻子浪费无度，丈夫无法出头。To be continued23. to be the cue to do sth. (L. 26) 是做某事的暗示是做某事的暗示The strong wind that puffs the tower is the storms cue to come in the mountain, and the dark clouds that overwhelm the castle make it about to collapse.24. to lend oneself to sth. (L. 56) 放任自己去做放任自己去做；同意参加；同意参加Once ones lust lends itself to expanding, it will become a monster of his/her soul.As a result of temptation, he lent himself to gambling. I. Old to New experience, endure or sufferexperience, endure or suffer reply rudely reply rudely warn sb. of warn sb. of sthsth. dangerous. dangerous give (sb.) the right to do give (sb.) the right to do sthsth. . difficult difficult declare sb. guilty of a crime declare sb. guilty of a crime willing to understand and respect willing to understand and respect others ideas, opinions and feelings others ideas, opinions and feelings go throughgo through talk back talk back alert alert entitle entitle sticky sticky convict of convict of liberal liberal 1.rawraw2.championchampion3.brakebrake4.pastepaste5.maidmaidA.stick sth. to sth. else or in a specified placeB.not processed or cookedC.sb. who has won in a game, competition, etc.D.a female servantE.a device for reducing the speed of a vehicle and bringing it to a stop Matching GameMatching Game福利救济对象收据填表(格)尴尬的局面/情形发挥某人的才干一份稳定的工作赔偿金welfare clientsreceiptfill out a forman embarrassing situationdevelop ones talentsa steady jobcompensationChinese to EnglishSentence patternsSentence patterns used in the text for: used in the text for:1.Typical patterns for description of inner feelings or attitude.2.Typical patterns for assumption.3.Typical patterns for indicating the precondition.社会工作者心里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，社会工作者心里知道许多救济对象在欺骗他们，因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对因此他们觉得，作为补偿，他们有权让救济对象向他们点头哈腰。象向他们点头哈腰。 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation.Sentence Pattern IDeep down, sb. know that , and / but they feel that 某人心里清楚某人心里清楚，所以但又所以但又觉得觉得句句 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示用于表述用于表述“某人对事物的内心感受及态度某人对事物的内心感受及态度”。 Sentence Pattern I典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示他心里清楚大学学习对他意他心里清楚大学学习对他意味着什么，所以他觉得没有味着什么，所以他觉得没有理由虚度时光。理由虚度时光。 what sth. hold for sb. / there is no reason to do sth. / idle away ones timeDeep down, he knows what the college study will hold for him, and he feels there is no reason to idle away his time.Sentence Pattern I我真想知道如果她突然摔坏臀部，不得不爬着去上班时，是什么感受。 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习I wonder what shed think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work. Sentence Pattern IISb. wonder what sb.else would think if 某人想知道，如果别人时，是何感受。句句 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示用于希望“人换位思维”。 Sentence Pattern II典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示我真想知道，如果一些大学生发现将来他们的孩子和他们现在一样痴迷网络游戏时，是何感受。find sb. as addicted to sth. as sb. else / online games I wonder what some students would think if they were to find their future child as addicted to online games as they are now.Sentence Pattern II如何逐渐脱离福利照顾，这在法律条款中没有明确规定。 原原 句句 译译 文文逆逆 译译 练练 习习There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. Sentence Pattern IIIThere be (no) provision(s) in sth. for sth. else. 在方面对（没）有规定（没）提供句句 式式 提提 炼炼应应 用用 提提 示示用于表述“事物的先决条件”。 Sentence Pattern III典典 型型 例例 句句意意 群群 提提 示示书山有路勤为径；学海无涯苦作舟。the mountain of books / as access to the top / the ocean of learning There are provisions in the mountain of books for paths, but with diligence as access to the top; while there is no provision in the ocean of learning for bounds, with hard work as its boat.Sentence Pattern IIISuch writing approaches the topic from a brief description of phenomena typical of the issue in question.For moreFor morePattern of WritingPattern of WritingThis part, as the main body of writing, serves to probe into deep-seated problems behind the phenomena as mentioned above.As a conclusion, the writing comes up with some constructive suggestion as to what can be done about the very issue.PhenomenaProblems behind themSuggestionPattern of WritingPattern of WritingExample abridged from the textTopic: Longing for a New Welfare SystemOutlines: 1.现行福利制度下的种种现象；2.现行福利制度的深层问题；3.作者的建议。 GRE作文题目作文题目 Issue Topic Some educational systems emphasize the development of students capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions. 在GRE作文考试中，Issue Topic Writing 是第一个task。历时45分钟，具体要求如下： Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and /or examples to support your view. 优秀范文优秀范文 CET6-作文题目作文题目 Directions： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Immoral Behavior in Public. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1.我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行 为，叙述你的一次相关经历。2.这些不文明行为会有哪些影响。3.我们应该怎样改善这种现象。 优秀范文优秀范文 CET6-作文范文作文范文 To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line. Immoral behaviors in public initiate a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other peoples rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day. CET6-作文范文作文范文 The reform of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness , I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible. We all expect “A World without Thieves. Everyone shares the huge responsibility of demonstrating his or her justice at the proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious socialist society. Your task You are supposed to write a short essay on the topic of Should We still Cherish Chinese Traditional Virtues. You should write at least 200 words following the outline given below: 1.当今的年轻人越来越强调个性发展； 2.发展个性是否意味着忽视中国的传统美德； 3.你的观点。 Todays youth do things in their own ways, spend money on whatever they want and talk to people in their own languagespersonality development is overstated by young people these days. To some of them, personality means to be totally different from who their parents used to be. But the problem is that during their pursuit of their personal goals they ignore some of the traditional virtues of which their forefathers were proud. Take the question of fidelity to elders for example. With better education and different experiences, some young people find its hard to agree with their parents any longer. They have a feeling of superiority and even sometimes turn their back on their elder parents. To me, personality development and traditional virtues have nothing to do with right or wrong. In our society, we need them both. These virtues help you to become a better Chinese, while personality development will improve your own character.教师参考范文1._（不知为什么他们的汽车在半路坏掉了). As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.2. _(这个靠救济过日子的人开始慢慢地建立起自己的市场), one step at a time and his business is thriving.3. _(这些工人后悔当时接受管理部门的意见重新回去工作). Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.4. The place was deserted and _ (没有人类生活的迹象).5. He noticed that _ (在昨晚的音乐会上，其中一位小提琴手走调了).6. _ (应该打开并检查这些仪器) before we start our work.7. The other players in the team are better than me, _ (我正慢慢赶上).8. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and _ (市长决定亲自出马调查这件事).1.9. _, (你只需填写一张表格就可取得会员资格) which entitles you to a discount on goods. Translation exercise1.Their car broke down halfway for no reason.2. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market，3. These workers regret yielding to the managements advice and going back to work. 4. There was no sign of human beings living there,5. at yesterday concert one of the violinists was out of tone.6. These instruments should be switched on and checked,7. but Im slowly catching up.8. the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.9. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership,Reference Key to translation: