Present perfect tense现在完成时态一、一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词助动词have/has(not) +V-ed（过去分词）（过去分词）I _(finish) the composition already. He _(learn) English for three years. We/You/ They. She.have finishedhas learned过去分词的构成过去分词的构成规则形式规则形式 - ed 不规则形式不规则形式 repair-repaired - e +d (见表格见表格121) like /live/ move/love 双写辅音双写辅音+ed stop/mop/travel 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。 She has gone. (She has gone. (她走了。她走了。) )从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出以看出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。 He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French. ( (他学过法语。他学过法语。) )这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. ( (他已经擦过黑板了。他已经擦过黑板了。)这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。现在完成时用法（一）现在完成时用法（一）过去过去的的(结束性结束性)动作产生的影响或结动作产生的影响或结果果现在现在还存在还存在。1.常用常用短暂性动词短暂性动词做谓语动词做谓语动词.如如arrive, get, finish, borrow, open, stop, begin, go, come, die, fall, 2.时间状语常用时间状语常用already, just, yet, ever, before, once( 一次一次),recently 等等 不具体不具体的过去时间的过去时间 或或不带有不带有时间状语时间状语I _ (do) my homework already.He _(not finished) his homework yet._you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii?We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practicedI _( not hear) from her yet._they _(be) here recently? Yes, they have.I _(be) busy recently.-_your father ever _ (travel) to New York? -No,never. He _(not travel) by plane yet.havent heardHave beenhave beenHas travelledhasnt travelled注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet. yet. I havent seen the film named King Lion yet. I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet. Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet. I have already seen the film named King Lion. For .SinceHow long have/has sb .? lived learned ownedThe door has been open for a whole day.The windows have been closed since 7:30I have had this bike for a year/since last year.My teachers have been busy/ free these days.现在完成时用法二: 过去过去开始的开始的动作或状态一直持续动作或状态一直持续到到现在现在 1. 常用常用延续性动词延续性动词,如如be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, 2. 时间状语须表达时间状语须表达过去到现在的过去到现在的一段时间一段时间. for two years so far since 短语短语, during the past 2 years since 从句从句 in the past 2 years表示一段时间的表示一段时间的主要结构主要结构2000 last week yesterday (evening) three weeks ago he joined the Party two years ago 1. for two weeks /years /hours/2. sincesince过去某一点时间过去某一点时间 或过去某一结束性动词或过去某一结束性动词标志词：标志词：for +一段时间一段时间, since+过去的时间点过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last yearsWe _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.They _(write) 15 songs so far.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown1.The Jiangs _(live) here for almost ten years.2.He _(work) in the factory since 1994.3.His parent _(teach) in this school since they came to the city.4.The child _(sleep)since two hours ago.have livedhas workedhas taughthas sleptWork in pairs:Doctor: Whats wrong with you,young man?Man: Maybe I _(catch) a cold.D : How long _ you _(be) like this?M : _ yesterday morning.D : _ you _(take) the temperature yet?M : No, _ yet.D :.Oh,you have had a little fever. _you_(take)any medicine yet?M : I _(take) some aspirin this morning.D : How many pills _you ever_(take) so far?M : About four pills.D : Ok. Its nothing serious. Dont worry. You have to stay in bed for a few hours drink plenty of water. Youll be better tomorrow.have caughthave beenSinceHave takennotHave takentookhave takenWork in pairs: P17I must say (that) sb/sth is the best/ I have seen. . most.Work in pairs:A: What places in China have you visited?B:.A:Have you ever travelled .by.?B:.A: By the way, when did you go to.?B: .I must say that its the most beautiful/interesting place I have现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。生过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。显的时间状语。 遇到遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过过去某一年，去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时等就用一般过去时 当有当有 just,already,yet,so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去在过去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时等常用现在完成时 现在完成时和一般过去时He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.He _just _(pass) the exam.He _(pass) the exam just now.has workedcamehave cookedcookedhas passedpassed1.-_the film _(开始开始)? -Yes, it _ (开始开始)ten minutes ago.2.I _(读读) this book. I _ (读读)it last Sunday.3._you _ (完成完成) yourhomework? Yes. When_ you _(完成完成)it? A minute ago.4. I wont see the film. I _ it(看了看了) . I _ (看看)it last week.5.-I _ (找到找到)a watch already. -Where _ you _it? -In the playground.Class began five minutes agoClass has been on for five minutes.短暂性动词短暂性动词转换为转换为延续性动词延续性动词1.buy -have(我买电脑两年了我买电脑两年了.)2.borrow -keep(他借这本书三个星期他借这本书三个星期.)3.begin to sleep/study/去掉去掉begin to ( 他已睡了半个小时了他已睡了半个小时了.)4.move into -live in(他已搬进来三个月了他已搬进来三个月了.)5.leave home -be away from home (我已离家一年我已离家一年.)6.fall ill-be ill(Helen病了一周了病了一周了)7.join the group-be in the group be a member of (我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了.) 8. die-be dead (我爷爷死了两个月了我爷爷死了两个月了)9.get up- be up (他已起床一刻钟了他已起床一刻钟了.)10.begin- be on (会议已开始十分钟会议已开始十分钟.)11. come to / arrive in /get to -be in (他已到南京三天了他已到南京三天了.)12. open /close- be open/be closed (门开门开/关了十分钟了关了十分钟了)1. turn on the radio-keep the radio on He turned on the radio an hour ago. He _ _ the radio _ for an hour. The radio _ _ _ for an hour.2. open the door-keep the door open I opened the door twenty minutes ago. I _ _ the door _ for 20 minutes. The door _ _ _ for 20 minutes. has kept onhas been onhave kept openhas been openhave/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to 1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.Bye-bye!表示动作或状态从过去开始一表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来直延续到现在甚至将来Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept the books for two days.所用的动词无延续性所用的动词无延续性,不与一段时间连用不与一段时间连用He has come to China for two years. (X) come to arrive in/at. be in get to He has been in China for two years. since two years ago. Beijing Museum exhibitions /,eksibin/century/sentri /Beijings past and present have collected A: _you _(see) the exhibitions recently?B:Yes, I _ _ one at Beijing Museum.A: Whats it about?B: I _ _(forget) the title. Its about the changes over the past century. I _ _(learn) a lot about Beijings _ and _.Have seenhave seenhave forgottenhave learnedpast present