Grammar 定语从句定语从句 Attributive Clauses 定语定语He owns a large apartment.my book / low-rise buildings a pretty girl / a cute dog the top student / huge campus名词可以被形容词名词可以被形容词, 介词短语介词短语,分词等修饰分词等修饰. 如果是被一个句子修饰限定如果是被一个句子修饰限定, 我们称之为定我们称之为定语从句语从句. 1. an enjoyable experience 2. the rules of the school3. Play songs sung by students 4. the team in greenPlease translate the following phrases:1.the book for free免费的免费的书籍书籍2.the article about your experiences in the UK关于你在英国的经历的关于你在英国的经历的文章文章Please translate the following phrases:1.The boys who are playing football are from Canada.2.The writer who writes Harry Potter was very popular with kids. 当介词短语和定语从句修饰名当介词短语和定语从句修饰名词时词时,它们通常它们通常被放在名词之后被放在名词之后.(与与中文相反中文相反) She is the teacher who taught us English. Introduction to attributive clauses:由关系代词或关系副词引导的句子由关系代词或关系副词引导的句子,来来修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句从句. (被修饰的名词叫被修饰的名词叫先行词先行词)He is the man who I met yesterday.man是先行词是先行词, who是关系代词是关系代词先行词先行词关系代词关系代词先行词先行词(antecedent):被从句修饰名词或代词被从句修饰名词或代词关系代词关系代词(relative pronoun):引导从句的词引导从句的词.eg: that; which; who; whom; whoseAttributive clauses in Reading1) I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.2) I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.3) All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.4) In the Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture.定语从句的构成定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词Notice:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.连接词：连接词：先行词之后先行词之后“.的的”关系词关系词1.概念：概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词2.先行词先行词(antecedent)：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词关系词(relative pronoun/adverb):引导引导定语从句的词定语从句的词。3.关系词作用关系词作用: 连接句子连接句子 在从句中做成分在从句中做成分先行词先行词主语主语 宾语宾语 所有格所有格 指代人指代人 指代物指代物 thatwhichthatwhichwhoseWhothatwhose 关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中:当关系代词在从句当关系代词在从句中中作宾语时作宾语时, 关系关系代词可以省略。代词可以省略。whom/who thatwho, whomvMost of the students (whom/who) he taught have become his friends.vShe was the teacher who taught us English Literature.归纳：归纳：定语从句中，用定语从句中，用who/whom指代人；指代人； 在从句中充当主语时，用在从句中充当主语时，用who;在从句中充当宾语时，用在从句中充当宾语时，用whom(也可以用也可以用who), 还可以省略。还可以省略。The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. 1. The boy is Tom.2.He sits in front of me.The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)1.The boy is Tom. 2.The boy is smiling.1.The teacher will give us a talk.2.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.(宾语宾语)The man (who) everyone likes is kind. 1. The man is kind. 2.Everyone likes him.1.The boy is in the lab. 2.You want to talk to him.The boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab.that, whichv Some of the books were gifts (that/which) he got from his Chinese friends and students.v The paintings (that/which) David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. 归纳：定语从句中，用归纳：定语从句中，用that/ which指代物指代物 that/which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 1.Do you find the pen? 2.I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen (which/that/-) I wrote with just now?whosevI sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.vThe club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.归纳：定语从句中，用归纳：定语从句中，用whose指代人指代人/物，物， -表示表示“某人的某人的”、“某物的某物的” 在从句中充当定语。在从句中充当定语。1.He lives in the house.2.The windows of the house face south.He lives in the house whose windows face south.1. I know the girl.2. Her glasses are very beautiful.I know the girl whose glasses are very beautiful.关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. The school where I study is far away from my home. on the day =when 在从句中做在从句中做时间状语时间状语in the house= wherefor the reasons =why关系副词关系副词=介词先行词介词先行词 在从句中做状语在从句中做状语in the school = where 做地点状语做地点状语定语从句的辨认与使用定语从句的辨认与使用 思考步骤：思考步骤：（1 1）找出先行词找出先行词以确定关系代词的以确定关系代词的人称、人称、数和性数和性（2 2）确定关系词在从句中）确定关系词在从句中所担任的成分所担任的成分 以以确定用关系代词还是关系副词确定用关系代词还是关系副词（3 3）确定从句时态）确定从句时态 1. This is the town _ I was born. This is the town _ I visited last week.2. I will never forget the day _ I came to school. I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.3. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he told me. wherewhichwhenwhichwhythat1.Look at that girl _ name is Lucy.A. who B. whose C. whom 2.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. who B. that C. which3.This is the man _ shoes are broken. A. whose B. that C. who 4.The policeman _ I just asked for help is a kind one. A. whom B. whose C. Who D. /5.The trees _ are on the school campus have lost their leaves. A. that B. which C. whose 6.The house_ he lives in is small. A. that B. which C. /7.This is the house _ window broke last night. A. whose B. that C. who 8.The English book _ cover is green is his. A. who B. that C. whose that和和which在指物的情在指物的情况下一般都可以互换况下一般都可以互换, 但在下但在下列情况下列情况下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。 which 和和 that 的区别的区别:只能用只能用 that 不能用不能用 which 的情况的情况a.当先行词当先行词被序数词被序数词修饰时修饰时,用用that:This is the first trip that I have made in my life.b.当先行词当先行词被形容词最高级被形容词最高级修饰时修饰时,用用 that:The most important thing that you should do now is to pass the exam. which 和和 that 的区别的区别:c.当先行词当先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时时,用用that: d.当先行词当先行词是是all, much, little, everything, anything, none, no,以及以及由由no构成的复合构成的复合 词词时时,用用that:Please write down the things and the persons that we talked about last Friday. She took away everything that belonged to her. which 和和 that 的区别的区别:This is the very book that I am looking for. e. 当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时, 用用that: