Non-infinitive非谓语动词要点精讲非谓语动词要点精讲 非谓语动词高考揭秘v非谓语动词的各种形式及应用。v非谓语动词的句子的主要功能。v接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义有别的动词。v动名词、不定式、现在分词的完成式和被动式。v分词与句子主语的逻辑关系及非谓语动词的复合结构形式等。非谓语动词的结构形式非谓语动词的结构形式不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般式一般被动式完成式完成被动式进行式完成进行式非谓语动词的结构形式非谓语动词的结构形式不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词一般式to do doingdoingdone一般被动式 to be donebeing donebeing done完成式to have donehaving done having done完成被动式to have been donehaving been donehaving been done进行式to be doing_完成进行式to have been doing _非谓语动词在句中所作的成分非谓语动词在句中所作的成分 成 分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词（本堂课主要内容）（本堂课主要内容）1.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作不定式，现在分词，过去分词作宾补宾补的用法的用法2.2.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作不定式，现在分词，过去分词作定语定语的用法的用法3.3.不定式，现在分词，过去分词作不定式，现在分词，过去分词作状语状语的用法的用法 （一）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别（一）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别v现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作现在分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作在进行在进行。v1. I saw him falling off his bike just at that moment (看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。看到他时他正从自行车上掉下来。) v2. He found himself lying on the ground when he came to himself(当他苏醒过来时他发现自己正躺在地上。当他苏醒过来时他发现自己正躺在地上。)v不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的不定式作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有主动关系，强调动作的过程。过程。v注意：注意：如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。形式。v1. I saw him fall off his bike and hurt his left leg(看到他看到他从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。从自行车上掉下来，并且摔伤了腿。)表全过程。表全过程。v2. I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette.v过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。过去分词作宾补和宾语在逻辑上有被动关系。v1. I heard my name called by someone(我听我听到我的名字被叫，到我的名字被叫，my name和和called是被动关系。是被动关系。)v2. when I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.vv省省to的不定式作宾补口诀：的不定式作宾补口诀：一感二听三使役一感二听三使役;五看一帮两均可五看一帮两均可,被动该被动该to不能弃不能弃. vv1感感 feel,2听听 hear,listen to, 3使役使役 have,let, make, 5看看 see,look at, notice,observe, watch, 1帮帮helpvv1. We often see them play football;vv2. They are often seen to play football. vv3. The teacher made him stand outside for two hours.vv4. He was made to stand outside for two hours.(一一)非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作宾补1.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to doC. not to it D. do not toA 为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面动作。如：来代替前面动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to.2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He alwaysworks hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning3. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outBCA（二）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别（二）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语的区别v动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。v1. The poor children need something to eatv它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。v2. There is some books for you to read(可看成：to read some books)v3. Id like to get something to drink(可看成：to drink something)v如果这个作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的副词或介词。v1. I need a pen to write with(可看成：可看成：to write with the pen)v2. She now has nothing to worry about(可可看成：看成：to worry about nothing)(三三)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时在时态和不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语时在时态和语态上有区别语态上有区别v*不定式作定语表示将来的动作不定式作定语表示将来的动作。v如：The bridge to be built next month is the third bridge across the riverv*现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,doing表示正在进行表示正在进行,与被修饰词是主与被修饰词是主动关系；动关系；being done表示正在进行与被修饰词是被动表示正在进行与被修饰词是被动关系关系。v如：The bridge being built now is the third bridge across the riverv*过去分词作定语表示已完成或与先行词是被动关系的过去分词作定语表示已完成或与先行词是被动关系的动作动作。v如：The bridge built last year is the third bridge across the river(二二)非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击：高考题点击：1. The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2 2The first textbooks _for teaching English as The first textbooks _for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written A. having written B. to be written C. being written C. being written 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修饰饰主语主语 flowers。感官动词没有被动。感官动词没有被动。BD3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosingBB.1.to do表示表示1.目的目的;2.结果结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。强调。3.原因原因表示造成情感变化的原因表示造成情感变化的原因1. They worked hard to pay for the necklace.2. He woke up only to find himself lying on a bed in a hospital.3. I am glad to see you.（三）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的区别（三）不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的区别1, 1, Hearing the newsHearing the news ,he couldnt help laughing . ,he couldnt help laughing .（时间）（时间）（时间）（时间）= =2, 2, Given enough timeGiven enough time ,I can do it better ,I can do it better （条件）（条件）（条件）（条件）= =3, Our teacher came in ,3, Our teacher came in ,followed by many students.followed by many students. ( (伴随）伴随）伴随）伴随）= =when he heard the news,when he heard the news,If I am given enough time,If I am given enough time,and he was followed by many studentsand he was followed by many students2. Ing-form、ed-form 作状语的区别作状语的区别Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful.Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is more beautiful.分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方分词作状语可以表示时间，条件，原因，结果，伴随或方式式式式 ，相当于相应的状语从句。，相当于相应的状语从句。，相当于相应的状语从句。，相当于相应的状语从句。 分词作状语的首要条件是分词作状语的首要条件是分词作状语的首要条件是分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词与逻辑主语的关系是分词与逻辑主语的关系是分词与逻辑主语的关系是分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用主动的，用主动的，用主动的，用doingdoing，反之，用，反之，用，反之，用，反之，用donedone。不定式表结果时，指没有预料到的结果。不定式表结果时，指没有预料到的结果。v1. I got up only to find it was raining outside (起来时没有料到在下雨。起来时没有料到在下雨。)v2. He was too excited to say a word (太激动了太激动了说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。说不出话，是没有预料到的情况。)分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的情况。v1. His parents died，leaving him a lot of money(父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。父母去世，钱留给儿子。这是自然的事。)v2. The output of iron decreased by 23last year, reaching 80，000 tons(产量下降，到了产量下降，到了80，000吨，这是必然结果。吨，这是必然结果。)done,句子句子（不强调时间先后，表示状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关（不强调时间先后，表示状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系或表逻辑主语的状态）系或表逻辑主语的状态）;Being done,句子句子（强调状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系，而且正（强调状语的动作与逻辑主语是被动关系，而且正在进行）在进行）;Having been done,句子句子（强调时间先后，表示状语的动作在谓语动（强调时间先后，表示状语的动作在谓语动词之前已经完成，而且状语动作与逻辑主语是被动关系）；词之前已经完成，而且状语动作与逻辑主语是被动关系）；v1.Used as a means of traffic in China, the bike is very useful.v used by me now, the bike cant be lent to you.v been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. （三）非谓语动词作状语（三）非谓语动词作状语高考题点击：高考题点击： 1.- Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?2. - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are3.growing up. A. GetB. Getting C. To getD. To be getting2. In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCD回答回答why引导的问句，一般用不定式，回答引导的问句，一般用不定式，回答what问问句，一般用句，一般用ing形式。形式。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. LostD. To lose4. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given5. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hopingC. to hope D. hope CAB6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left. (NEMT 2004 福建福建) A. To tell B. to be told C. telling D. told7.”Cant you read?” Mary said to the notice . (NMET 1993 ) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. to point D. and angrily pointlyBAhomeworkThank you for coming!Bye-bye