一、代词的定义代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的,它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复.因此,代词的使用必须和它所代替的名词在人称、数、性、格上一致.二、代词的分类在初中英语中常见的代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词和不定代词等.(一)人称代词1.人称代词的分类人称代词是指人的代词,表示“我”“你”“他”“她”“它”“我们”“你们”或“他们”等.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I我me我we我们us我们第二人称you你you你you你们you你们第三人称he他him他they他们them他们she她her她they她们them她们it它it它they它们them它们2.人称代词的句法功能(1)主格人称代词在句中作主语.She is as intelligent as he(is).她像他一样聪明.(2)宾格人称代词在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语.We often go to see her on Saturdays.我们常在星期六去看她.It is a waste of time your talking to him.跟他谈话是白白浪费时间.(3)人称代词作表语时一般用宾格,但在比较正式的场合用主格.-Who is it?谁呀?-Its me.是我.(非正式)-It is I.是我.(正式)(4)人称代词用于as和than之后,如果as和than用作介词,往往用宾格;如果as和than用作连词,则往往用主格.She reads faster than he.她读得比他快些.I am a good student as him.我和他一样是个好学生.(5)we,you,they有时可用来泛指一般人.We/You should keep calm even when we/you are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.They say there is going to be trouble.人们说要有麻烦了.点拨有时在叙述故事时常把动物人格化,可爱、美丽的动物用she来表示,凶猛的动物用he或it表示.表示船只、祖国、大地、月亮等时常用代词she.如:I have a lovely cat.Sheis my favourite.我有一只可爱的猫.她是我的宠物.China is my motherland. She is getting more and more powerful.我们的祖国是中国.她正变得越来越强大.The moon usually shines brightly on the night of the Mid-autumn Day. Shelooks like a round silvery plate.通常中秋节之夜月光明亮.她看上去酷似一个银色的圆盘.(6)it的用法.用来指代上文提到过的事物.-What do you think of the movie?你觉得这部电影怎么样?-Great! I like it very much.棒极了！我非常喜欢它.用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等.Its eight oclock now.(指时间)现在是8点钟.用来指代婴儿或不明确的人.The baby is crying.It might be hungry.宝宝在哭,它可能饿了.作形式主语或形式宾语Did you find it very interesting to play football?你有没有发现踢足球很有趣?3.人称代词的排列顺序几个人称代词同时作主语时,排列次序一般为:you and I;you and he(she);you,she(he) and I; we and you; we and they; we,you and they.You,he and I should help each other.我、你、他应该互相帮助.She and I are of the same age.我和她同岁.但在承认错误时,I放在其他人前面表示勇于承认错误.I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了这个错误.(二)物主代词1.物主代词的分类表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词,物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs2.形容词性物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特征,在句中用作定语,后面接名词.Our school is not far from here.我们学校离这儿不远.(2)英语中表示身体所有的或随身携带的物主代词一般不可省略,而汉语中有时可以省略.He put on his hat and left.他戴上帽子就走了.(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用时表示强调.I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看见的.(4)下面结构中,必须要用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词(不可用物主代词).touch sb.on the head 摸某人的头hit sb.on the head 打某人的头hit sb.on the nose打某人的鼻子strike/hit sb.in the face/chest 打某人的脸胸部take/catch/pull/sb.by the head/arm抓住某人的头手3.名词性物主代词的用法名词性物主代词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语.它还可以构成“a/an/this/that/some/no+名词of+名词性物主代词”句型,在这个句型中,名词性物主代词在句中作定语.(1)作主语.Ours is the best team in the league.我们的队在联赛中是最强的队.Our room is on the first floor and yours(theirs) is on the second.我们的房间在一楼,你们的(他们的)在二楼.(2)作表语.The books over there are not mine.They are hers.那边的书不是我的,是她的.Whose jacket is this? Its hers.这是谁的上衣?这是她的.(3)作宾语.You may have my pen, Ill have his.你可以用我的钢笔,我用他的.I have lost my dictionary.Please lend me yours.我的字典丢了,请把你的借给我.(4)名词性物主代词与of连用可做定语.That son of hers is very naughty.她的那个儿子很淘气.This painting of his is well painted.他的这幅画画得很好.(三)指示代词英语中用来表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词称为指示代词.常见的指示代词有this,that,these,those,such,same等.1.this,that,these,those的用法;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语或表语(1)作主语.This is my doll.That is Marys.这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的.Those are his books.那些是他的书.(2)作宾语.Do you like these?你喜欢这些吗?We should always keep this in mind.我们应当永远记住这一点.(3)作定语.I want this radio.我要这台收音机.We are busy these days,这些日子我们很忙.This magazine is about Chinese poetry.这本杂志是关于中国诗歌的.(4)作表语.Oh,its not that.噢,不是那样的.What I want is this(that).我要的是这个(那个).2.this(these)和that(those)的用法区别(1)this(的复数形式是these),是指时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物.that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物.This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr.Black.这位是史密斯先生,那位是布莱克先生.These are jeeps. Those are trucks.这些是吉普车,那些是卡车.(2)that/those有时用来代替前面说过的名词,以避免重复.The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that(=the weather) in Beijing.上海的天气没有北京那么冷.City people stand closer than those who live in the country.城里人比那些住在乡村的人彼此站得更靠近.(3)that/those指前面讲过的事物,this/these指下面要讲的事物.I had a bad cold. Thats why I didnt come.我得了重感冒,所以没来.This is the latest news from the United States.下面是来自美国的最新消息.3.such的用法指示代词such表示“如此的,如此的事物”,具有名词和形容词的性质,在句子中可用作主语、定语、表语、宾语等.(1)作主语.Such is life.生活就是这样.Such is our study plan.这就是我们的学习计划.Such were his words.这就是他讲的话.(2)作定语.I dont like such a book.我不喜欢这样的书.Such water is quite clean.这样的水很干净.点拨such作定语时,它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词,这个不定冠词应放在such之后.如:such a play,such a book(3)作表语.The birds were such as I never saw before.这样的鸟,我从未见过.The problems are such that we cant solve by ourselves.这样的问题,我们自己是解决不了的.(4)作宾语Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么,就从抽屉里拿吧.If you act like a child, you will be treated as such.你要是这样孩子气,人家就把你当孩子看待了.4.same的用法same(同样的)也是指示代词,使用时same之前必须用定冠词the.它也具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等.