英语中宏观经济常用词汇以及实际应用1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (国内生产总值) Sentence:The countrys Gross Domestic Product grew by 3% this year, indicating economic expansion. 中文翻译:该国今年的国内生产总值增长了3%，显示出经济的扩张。2. Inflation (通货膨胀) Sentence:High inflation rates can erode consumers purchasing power over time. 中文翻译:高通货膨胀率会随着时间的推移侵蚀消费者的购买力。3. Unemployment Rate (失业率) Sentence:The unemployment rate decreased to 5% last month, signaling a recovering labor market. 中文翻译:上个月失业率下降至5%，表明劳动力市场正在恢复。4. Fiscal Policy (财政政策) Sentence:The government implemented expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 中文翻译:政府实施了扩张性的财政政策以刺激经济增长。5. Monetary Policy (货币政策) Sentence:The central bank adjusted its monetary policy by lowering interest rates to encourage borrowing. 中文翻译:中央银行通过降低利率调整了货币政策，以鼓励借贷。6. Balance of Trade (贸易平衡) Sentence:A positive balance of trade occurs when a countrys exports exceed its imports. 中文翻译:当一个国家的出口超过进口时，就会出现贸易平衡顺差。7. Fiscal Deficit (财政赤字) Sentence:The country faced a significant fiscal deficit due to increased government spending. 中文翻译:由于政府支出增加，该国面临了显著的财政赤字。8. Public Debt (公共债务) Sentence:Managing public debt is crucial for maintaining economic stability. 中文翻译:管理公共债务对于维持经济稳定至关重要。9. Interest Rate (利率) Sentence:Lower interest rates can stimulate investment by making borrowing cheaper. 中文翻译:较低的利率可以通过降低借贷成本来刺激投资。10. Exchange Rate (汇率) Sentence:Fluctuations in the exchange rate can impact a countrys export competitiveness. 中文翻译:汇率的波动会影响一个国家的出口竞争力。11. Aggregate Demand (总需求) Sentence:An increase in aggregate demand can lead to higher output and employment. 中文翻译:总需求的增加可能导致产出和就业的提高。12. Aggregate Supply (总供给) Sentence:Technological advancements can shift the aggregate supply curve to the right. 中文翻译:技术进步可以使总供给曲线向右移动。13. Economic Growth (经济增长) Sentence:Sustained economic growth is essential for improving living standards. 中文翻译:持续的经济增长对于提高生活水平至关重要。14. Recession (经济衰退) Sentence:The country entered a recession after two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth. 中文翻译:该国在连续两个季度GDP负增长后进入了经济衰退。15. Depression (经济萧条) Sentence:The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on the global economy. 中文翻译:1930年代的大萧条对全球经济产生了深远的影响。16. Supply-Side Economics (供给学派经济学) Sentence:Supply-side economics advocates for lower taxes to stimulate production and growth. 中文翻译:供给学派经济学主张通过降低税收来刺激生产和增长。17. Demand-Side Economics (需求学派经济学) Sentence:Demand-side economics emphasizes the role of consumer spending in driving economic growth. 中文翻译:需求学派经济学强调消费者支出在推动经济增长中的作用。18. Phillips Curve (菲利普斯曲线) Sentence:The Phillips Curve illustrates the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. 中文翻译:菲利普斯曲线展示了通货膨胀与失业率之间的反向关系。19. Natural Rate of Unemployment (自然失业率) Sentence:The natural rate of unemployment includes frictional and structural unemployment. 中文翻译:自然失业率包括摩擦性失业和结构性失业。20. Stagflation (滞胀) Sentence:Stagflation presents a challenging scenario with high inflation and stagnant economic growth. 中文翻译:滞胀呈现出高通货膨胀和停滞经济增长的挑战性局面。21. Crowding Out (挤出效应) Sentence:Increased government borrowing can lead to crowding out of private investment. 中文翻译:政府借贷增加可能导致挤出效应，减少私人投资。22. Multiplier Effect (乘数效应) Sentence:Government spending can have a multiplier effect on the economy by increasing aggregate demand. 中文翻译:政府支出可以通过增加总需求对经济产生乘数效应。23. Budget Surplus (预算盈余) Sentence:Achieving a budget surplus allows the government to pay down existing debt. 中文翻译:实现预算盈余使政府能够偿还现有债务。24. Monetary Base (货币基础) Sentence:The central bank controls the monetary base to influence inflation and economic activity. 中文翻译:中央银行控制货币基础以影响通货膨胀和经济活动。25. Velocity of Money (货币流通速度) Sentence:An increase in the velocity of money can lead to higher inflation if not matched by economic growth. 中文翻译:如果货币流通速度的增加没有与经济增长相匹配，可能导致更高的通货膨胀。26. Human Capital (人力资本) Sentence:Investments in education and training enhance a nations human capital, boosting productivity. 中文翻译:对教育和培训的投资提升了国家的人力资本，提高了生产率。27. Capital Formation (资本形成) Sentence:Capital formation is essential for long-term economic growth and development. 中文翻译:资本形成对于长期的经济增长和发展至关重要。28. Externalities (外部性) Sentence:Negative externalities, such as pollution, may require government intervention to address. 中文翻译:诸如污染等负面外部性可能需要政府干预来解决。29. Public Goods (公共物品) Sentence:National defense is considered a public good because it is non-excludable and non-rivalrous. 中文翻译:国防被认为是公共物品，因为它具有非排他性和非竞争性。30. Trade-Off (权衡) Sentence:Policymakers often face trade-offs between reducing unemployment and controlling inflation. 中文翻译:政策制定者常常在降低失业率和控制通货膨胀之间进行权衡。31. Opportunity Cost (机会成本) Senten