现在完成时态,Present perfect tense,-F,rom Stella,8th Grade,THE AIM OF THIS CLASS!,掌握现在完成时的中考考点：,考查基本含义和结构。,考查时间状语。,考查与一般过去时的区别。,考查非延续性动词的用法。,考查词组,have/has been to,have/has gone to,与,have/has been in/at,的区别,小试牛刀,一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。（,10,分）,1.,This story is very interesting.I (read)it twice today.,2.My teacher (go)to Italy.She (leave)yesterday evening.,3.The Whites (move)to this city three years ago and (live)here since then.,4.Tom (chat)with his friends online for an hour.,5.Great changes (take)place so far.,have lived,have read,has gone,left,moved,has chatted,have,taken,二、单项选择。（,10,分）,1.Our teacher has taught in our school_,A.ten year ago B.ten years long,C.for ten years D.since ten years,2.,Have you done the job yet?,_,A.Not already B.Not yet C.No,I dont D.No never,3.,How long have these Indian kids _ this Chinese school?,For about three years.,A.come to B.been to C.been in D.joined,4.In the past few years there _great changes in my hometown.,A.have been B.were C.had been D.have had,5.Jenny _another letter to her mother three days ago,she _to her mother three times.,A.writes,wrote B.wrote,has written,C.write,writes D.has written,has written,小试牛刀,含义,&,结构,01,与一般过去时区别,非延续性动词,03,been to gone tobeen,in,04,02,CONTENTS,含义&结构,0,1,future,now,past,时态回顾,一般将来时：主语,+will+V+.,一般现在时：主语,+am/is/are+.,主语,+V-s/V,+.,现在进行时：主语,+am/is/are+V-ing+.,一般过去时：主语,+was/were+.,主语,+V-ed,+.,过去进行时：主语,+,was/were,+V-ing+.,现在完成时的含义,an action or state that continues up to now,.一个动作在“过去”开始，一直延续到“现在”，它表现的是一个时间段的动作过程，而不是一个时间点上的动作。这个动作可能会延续下去。,01,延续到现在的动作或状态,an action that has a connection with the present,.,也就是说，动作发生在过去，这个动作对现在产生了一个结果或者影响。,02,动作发生在过去，但是和现在有联系,an action that has been repeated a number of times up to now,.,这个事情在将来还可能会再次发生。,（it might happen again.）,03,从过去到现在的一段时间内，重复发生的事情,现在完成时的含义,01,延续到现在的动作或状态,02,动作发生在过去，但是和现在有联系,03,从过去到现在的一段时间内，重复发生的事情,结构组成,过去分词的构成,助动词have/has的使用,现在完成时态中，主语为第三人称单数时使用has，其他人称使用have。,动词的过去分词形式是现在完成时态的重要组成部分，规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需记忆。,时间状语的搭配,现在完成时常与,ever,never,just,already,yet,for,since,等时间状语连用。,主语,+have/has+V-ed,（,动词过去分词）,+.,动词过去分词变化规则,注意：,-ed,在,清辅音,音素后,发音为,t,，在浊辅音后发音为,d,，在元音后发音也为,d,，,-ed,在,t,、,d,后发音为,idneededni:did.,动词过去分词变化规则,example,1,、一般在动词原形后加,-ed,原形。,look-looked-,，,call-called,2,、以,-e,结尾的动词直接加,-d,。,move-moved,，,phone-phoned,；,3,、以,辅音字母,加,y,结尾的动词，变,y,为,i,，,再加,-ed,。,study-studied,4,、以元音字母加,y,结尾的词，直接加,-ed,。,play-played,5,、末尾只有一个辅音字母的,重读闭音节,词，双写该辅音字母，再加,-ed,。,stop-stopped,标志词与时间状语搭配,01,标志词 just,使用just时，通常搭配recently或lately，表示动作刚刚发生，如：I have just finished my homework.,02,标志词 already,already常与ever、never、before等词搭配，表示动作已经完成，如：Have you already eaten?,03,标志词 yet,yet常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示动作尚未发生，如：Has the mail arrived yet?,常见标志词,never,never表示从未发生过某事，通常用于否定句，例如：She has never seen such a beautiful sunset.,for,for后接一段时间，表示动作持续了多久，如：They have lived here for ten years.,since,since后接一个具体时间点，表示动作从那时起一直持续到现在，例如：I have known him since 2005.,与一般过去时区别,0,2,与一般过去时区别,现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响或结果，而一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作。,时间参照点不同,01,现在完成时通常用于谈论不确定何时结束的过去事件，一般过去时用于谈论具体过去时间点的事件。,使用场合不同,02,现在完成时常用的时间状语包括“just”,“already”,“yet”,“ever”,“never”,“recently”,“lately”等，而一般过去时则使用具体过去时间状语如“yesterday”,“last week”,“in 2000”等。,常见时间状语不同,03,现在完成时常用的特殊疑问词包括“,where,”,“,why,”,“,how long,”等，而一般过去时则更多使用“,when,”。,特殊疑问词使用不同,04,特殊疑问句,使用疑问词how long,询问动作或状态持续的时间长度，例如：How long have,you been studying English?,使用疑问词how many/much,询问数量，针对可数名词用how many，不可数名词用how much，例如：How many books have you read this year?,使用疑问词when,使用疑问词how many/much,探究过去行为的原因，例如：Why has she left the party early?,询问过去发生的事件的具体时间，例如：When have you finished your homework?,非延续性动词,0,3,非延续性动词,非延续性动词,非延续性动词也被称为，终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。常见的动词有open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,get to,leave,move,borrow,buy等。,延续性动词,延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，常见的动词有learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,have,wait,watch,read,sleep,live,sing,stay等。,按照动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，可以分为,延续性动词,和,非延续性动,词。,非延续性动词的使用,(1)他去世三年了,误：He has died for three years.,正：He has been dead for three years.,正：He died three years ago.,正：It is three years since he died.,正：Three years has passed since he died.,(2)史密斯先生来这儿五天了,误：Mr.Smith has come here for five days.,正：Mr.Smith has been here for five days.,正：Mr.Smith came here five days ago.,正：It is five days since Mr.Smith came,here.,正：Five days has passed since Mr.Smith,came here.,非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定式），因为它表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。,非延续性动词的使用,注意：在句子中遇到,for+,一段时间、,since+,时间点,/,过去时态的句子、,how long,引导的特殊疑问句时，非延续性动词转化为相应的延续性动词。常见的转换类型如下：,been to gone tobeen in,04,Where is Eric?,He,has gone to,Eric,Eric,在去厕所的路上。,Where have you been?,Ive been looking for you everywhere!,Ive just been to the toilet.,Ive just,been to,the toilet.,我刚刚去了厕所。,havehas,been,to,曾经去过某地、已回,要点,常有,次数、,never,、,ever,、,before,等时间状语,注意,短暂性动作,Eg:-The Summer Palace is wonderful.Have you ever visited any other interesting places?,-Yes,we _ the Great Wall,too.,A.have gone to B.have been in C.had gone to D.have been to,havehas,gone,to,去了某地、还未回（可能在去的路上、可能已到、可能在其他地方）,要点,一般,谈论第三人,，说话人不在身边（句中出现,where,、不在等含义的表达）,注意,短暂性动作,Eg:Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.,.has gone,.went,.will go,.has been,