单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,If I,were,a boy,I would turn off the phone.,虚拟语气用来表示说话人的,主观愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议,等,与事实相反或发生概率极低,一、虚拟语气在,状语从句,中的用法,-,非真实条件句,非真实条件句也叫,虚拟条件句,表示,不可能或不大可能发生或实现的假设,，包含对,过去、现在和将来,情况假设的条件句，此时从句常用从属连词,if,引导，非真实条件句和主句谓语动词的形式如下：,区别,If,从句的谓语动词,主句的谓语动词,假设过去情况,had+done,should/would/could/might have+done,假设现在情况,动词的过去式,（be动词用were）,should/would/could/might+do,假设将来情况,动词的过去式（be动,词用were）,should+do,were to+do,should/would/could/might+do,对现在的虚拟：表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的事情,结构：,if+,主语,+,V-ed(were),主语,+w/c/m/s+do,如果我,是,一只鸟，我会在天空翱翔。,If I,were,a bird,I,would fly,in the sky.,对过去的虚拟：表示与过去相反,结构：,if+,主语,+had done,主语,+w/c/m/s+have done,如果我,上周,努力学习，我就能通过考试了。,If I,had studied,hard last week,I,would have passed,the exam.,对将来的虚拟：表示将来实现概率极低,结构：,if+,主语,+,did/were to do/should do,主语,+w/c/m/s+do,如果,明天,太阳从西方升起，我就嫁给你。,If the sun,were to rise,in the west tomorrow,I,would marry,you.,If I,were,a bird,I,would fly,in the sky.,If I,had studied,hard last week,I,would have passed,the exam.,If the sun,were to rise,in the west tomorrow,I,would marry,you.,If you,dont hurry,you,will miss,the bus.,I think I _the movie we went to see last night even more if I had read the book.,A.will enjoyB.enjoyed C.would enjoy D.would have enjoyed,【翻译】我想如果我读过那本书，我甚至会更欣赏我们昨天看的那部电影。,【答案解析】D 分析句子结构并结合句意可知,本句包含一个if引导的非真实条件句。根据句中的时间 状语last night（昨晚）和从句中的had read可知，这里表示对过去情况的假设，所以谓语动词应用“could/should/would/might have+过去分词”的形式。故选 D。,If I _you,Id join the army.,A.wasB.were C.wouldD.am,【翻译】如果我是你,我就去参军。,【答案解析】B 分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个If引导的非真实条件句。才,根,据句意和主句中的Id join（I would join的缩写）可知，本句是对现在情况的假设，所以从句的谓语动词应用过去式（be动词用were）。故选B。,If it were to be a sunny day tomorrow,I_the outdoor concert with my friends.,A.attendB.will attendC.would attendD.attended,【翻译】如果明天是个晴天，我就和我朋友参加那个露天音乐会。,【答案解析】C分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个If引导的非真实条件句。根据句意、从句中的时间状语 tomorrow（明天）和were to be可知，本句是对将来情况的假设，所以主句的谓语动词应用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式，因此空处应用 should/would/could/might attend。故选 C,虚拟语气在,省略if,的非真实条件句中的用法,非真实条件句中若含有,were,had或should,可以省略if,并把这些词,提至主语之前,，用倒装结构以强调假设条件的虚拟性或突出说话人的主观愿望。,If I,were,a bird,I,would fly,in the sky.,Were I a bird,I,would fly,in the sky.,If I,had,studied,hard last week,I,would have passed the exam.,Had,I,studied,hard last week,I,would have passed the exam.,若省略if的非真实条件句为,否定句,，否定词not仍应置于,主语之后,，不能与were,had或should 一起提前，也不能缩写成werent,hadnt或shouldnt后再置于句首。如:,If,I,were,not,so busy,I would go shopping with you.,Were,I,not,so busy,I would go shopping with you.,_about it earlier,we could have warned people of the danger.,A.Would we know B.Should we know C.Have we knownD.Had we known,【翻译】我们如果早点知道这件事，就会警告人们有危险。,【答案解析】D 在非真实条件句中，若从句中含有were,had或should时，可以省略if,并把were,had或 should提至主语之前，以强调假设条件的虚拟性或突出说话人的主观愿望。因此，空处应用If we had known 或 Had we known。故选 D。,虚拟语气在,错综,时间条件句中的用法,非真实条件句和主句所指的时间在一般情况下是一致的，但有时,从句,谓语动词表示的动作和,主句,谓语动词表示的动作发生的,时间不一致,，这时主句和从句谓语动词的形式应,根据句意和各自的时间状语来确定。,如果我在,高中,努力学习的话,我,现在,就会是一个老板了。,If I,had studied,hard in high school,I,would be,a boss now.,如果他,现在,不忙，他,早就,过来了。,If he,were,not busy now,he,would have com,e.,要是他们,一大早,就离开家的话,他们在,半个小时后,就会到了。,If they,had left,home in the early morning,they,would arrive,in half an hour.,as if,从句含义,从句谓语动词,与现在相反,did/were,与过去相反,had done,与将来相反,w/c/m/s+do,他说的好像他,上过,月球似的。,He talks as if he,had been,to the moon.,他谈起话来好像他,知道,世间的一切似的。,He talks as if he,knew,everything in the world.,她哭得心都,要,碎了。,She cried as if,her heart,wo,u,ld break,.,从句时态不受主句时态影响,如果从句中的事情是可能发生的，要用陈述语气,They sat and looked at him as though he,was,disturbing them.,他们坐着，瞧了瞧他，好像他打扰了他们似的。,when a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it,.,A.,breaks,B.,has broken,C.,were broken,D.,had been broken,【答案解析】D,even if,即使，虽然，虚拟语气中的主从句谓语动词参照,if,条件句的用法,Even if I,had,money,I,wouldnt buy,it.,in case/lest/for fear that,以免（不管与哪个时间相反都用,w/c/m/s+do),I got up early in case I,might miss,the bus.,二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法,“,一二四四,”,原则下的词语及其派生词出现句中，从句中的谓语动词应,用,“should+do”,表虚拟，（被动语态用,should be+,过去分词），一般情况,should,可省略,一个主张,insist,两个命令,order,command,四个建议,suggest,advise,propose,recommend,四个要求,ask,require,request,demand,宾语从句中的虚拟语气：,He,advised,that a doctor,(should)be,sent for at once.,他建议立马请医生来。,The mother,demanded,that her daughter,(should)go,home right away.,这位母亲强烈要求她的女儿立即回家。,The guide,insisted,that the tourists,(should)follow,her tightly.,这位导游坚持要游客们紧紧跟着她。,The consultant suggested that he _a loan from the bank to finance his business.,A.would apply for B.applied forC.applies forD.apply for,【翻译】这位顾问建议他从银行申请贷款来为自己的生意提供资金。,【答案解析】D 当suggest,advise,require,request,demand,order等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后跟宾 语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。根 据句意及句中的suggested（建议）可知，空处应用（should）apply for故选D。,名师点拨,当suggest和insist不表示“建议”和“坚持，坚决要求”，而分别表示,“暗示，表明”和“坚持说”,时，其后的宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气，而应用,陈述语气,。如：,The smile on his face suggested that he agreed to this plan.,他脸上的微笑表明他同意这项计划。,“,一二四四,”,中动词的派生词出现时，都要用,(should)+do,表虚拟,过去分词：,advised,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,suggested,recommended,required,proposed,decided,形容词：,advisable,，,insistent,desirable,名词：,decision,suggestion,proposal,advice,command,recommendation,demand,requirement,order,request,主句从句中虚拟,