单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,高中英语翻译技巧讲解,英汉十大差别,一、英语重结构，汉语重语义,Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with inbuilt,personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of,smell television,and digital age will have arrived.,儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。,英汉十大差别,二、英语多长句，汉语多短句,Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of,history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.,人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的,有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。,英汉十大差别,三、英语多从句，汉语多分句,On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only,if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with,whom he is compared,and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which,they possessed.,总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。,英汉十大差别,四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉语多名词”。,在句子中，英语多用名词和介词，汉语多用动词。,There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that,will disable them when they offend.,届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标（或违规），监测器就会使其停驶。,英汉十大差别,五、英语多被动，汉语多主动,It must be pointed out that.必须指出,It must be admitted that.必须承认,It is imagined that.人们认为,It can not be denied that.不可否认,It will be seen from this that.由此可知,英汉十大差别,五、英语多被动，汉语多主动,And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can by no means be,compared with these processes,and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思,维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。,英汉十大差别,六、英语多变化，汉语多重复,The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor.By the,age of nine,the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.,这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会,了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。,tractor和vehicle在句中显然都表示“拖拉机”，英语表达上有变化，而译成汉语时使用了重复表达法。,英汉十大差别,七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体,通过分析句子的结构，把长句变短句、从句变分句，结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。,表达抽象则要求译者吃透原文的意思、用具体的中文进行表达，这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。,perfect harmony（和声；和睦）水乳交融,feed on fancies 画饼充饥,lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网,make a little contribution（捐款；捐助）添砖加瓦,英汉十大差别,七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体,Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points whereas the,planet can provide a comfortable support for all,people will have to accept more unnatural food.,除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。,英汉十大差别,八、英语多引申，汉语多推理,While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice,most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.,尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多，现代实践最符合这样一种定义，即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。,英汉十大差别,九、英语多省略，汉语多补充,英语一方面十分注重句子结构，另一方面又喜欢使用省略。,Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such,factors as cost and availability.,因此，究竟是使用测试，其它种类的信息，还是在特定的情况下两者都使用，取决于关于相对效度的来自经验的证据，同时还取决于成本和可获得性这样的因素。,英汉十大差别,十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心,在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心,在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。,I was all the more delighted when,as a result of the initiative of your Government it,proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.,由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。,英汉十大差别,十、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心,The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights,unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely（不足地，不充分地；一定不，绝不）,contested（斗争；比赛）,如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文,化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断几乎是无,可置辩的了,。,解题步骤,一、理解,（一）分析句子，理清逻辑,首先分析汉语句子的,主谓宾,结构，,理顺句子的逻辑关系和基本含义，判断句子的时态、语态。,（二）抓住句子重点,汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。汉语句子中的重点往往在后。英译时，,要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。,解题步骤,【例】,没有农业，人们,就不能生存，,社会生产,就不能继续下去。,【翻译】Without agriculture,people cannot exist,neither can social production proceed.,【例】但是，像我们常说的那样，,道路总是,曲折的，,前途总是,光明的。,【翻译】But as we have often said,while the road ahead is tortuous,the future is bright.,解题步骤,二、正确安排句子结构,（一）选择句型,【例】,相传,古人在面对入侵的猛兽时，会在自己脸上勾画出不同的图案，以吓走这些野兽。,【翻译】,It is said that,when facing invading beasts,they would draw different patterns on their faces to scare them away.,【例】,这是我们第一次,在中国过圣诞节。,【翻译】,It is the first time that,we have celebrated Christmas in China.,解题步骤,（二）安排语序,1.定语位置的调整,汉语中，定语一般置于所修饰的名词之前，而英语句子中，单词作定语时一般放在名词之前，短语或句子作定语时则后置。,【例】人们还没有充分认识到节约用水的重要性。,【翻译】People are not well aware of the importance of saving water.（介词短语作定语，需后置）,解题步骤,（二）安排语序,1.定语位置的调整,【例】前往南非的医疗队由七名医生组成。,【翻译】The medical team leaving for/who left for South Africa consisted of/were composed of seven doctors.（非谓语短语或定语从句后置）,解题步骤,2.状语位置的调整,汉语句子的状语往往放在主语之后、谓语之前；而英语的状语位置十分复杂，一般较长的状语不是放在句首就是放在句末（如状语从句或短语作状语），较短的状语（如副词作状语），位置比较灵活。,【例】他的演说不时被暴风雨般的掌声（applause）打断（interrupt)。,【翻译】His speech was frequently interrupted by stormy applause.（副词作状语修饰谓语动词，置于句中）,解题