单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,宾语从句,中考语法专题,He got up late.,I want to eat,an apple,.,I want to know,what he said yesterday,.,知识梳理,一,宾语从句,就是用,一个句子,来构成主句的,宾语,。,结构：,主句+连接词+宾语从句,宾语从句的概念,宾语从句分为三类：,1.动词的宾语从句,：He,told,us,that they would help us though the whole work,.,2.介词的宾语从句,：The new book is,about,how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space,.,3.形容词的宾语从句,：I am,sure,I will pass the exam,.,宾语从句要把住三关,：,语序、时态和连接词,。,宾语从句的概念,宾语从句的三要素,宾语从句的引导词有三种：,1）that；,2）whether/if；,3）连接代词,/,副词,例如：,He said,that,he could help me.,他说他能够帮助我。,Your mother asked,if,you could finish your work this week.,你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。,Can you tell me,when,the sports meeting will begin？,你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？,宾语从句的引导词,(1)以,that,引导的宾语从句：,that引导的宾语从句一般都是由,陈述句,充当，引导词that,没有实际意义,，,不在从句中作任何成分,，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。,Do you think,(that),it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗？,He said,(that),he could come on time.,他说他会准时来的。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,1,】,that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that.（据说）；It is known that.（众所周知）；It is reported that.（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。如：,It is said that,he is from Canada.据说他来自加拿大。,宾语从句的引导词,(2)以,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句：,从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由,一般疑问句或选择疑问句,转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的,倒装语序变成陈述语序,。whether和if意为“是否”。,Let us know,whether/if,you can finish the work before Friday.,请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。,I dont care,whether,you like the story or not.,我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,2,：只用whether不用if的情况】,1)接带to的动词不定式。,She doesnt know,whether to go,to the zoo.,2),与or not连用时。,Im not sure,whether or not,he will come on time.,3),在介词之后的宾语从句,I depends,on whether,it will be fine.,4)含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时,He asked me,whether,Id move to New York,if,I got the job.,宾语从句的引导词,【注,3,：有“两副面孔”的if】,1),if,可以引导条件状语从句，意为,“如果”,，需注意,“主将从现”,的原则,If,it rains tomorrow,I wont come.,2),if也可以引导宾语从句，意为,“是否”,I dont know,if,it will rain tomorrow.,宾语从句的引导词,(3)连接词：常见的连接代词有what,who,whom,which,whose等。,常见的连接副词有when,how,where,why等。,此类宾语从句原来是,特殊疑问句,，变成宾语从句后要用,陈述语序,，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。这些引导词,有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略,。例如：,Could you tell me,which,gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门？,He didnt tell me,how long,he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。,宾语从句的引导词,【注,4,：有“两副面孔”的when】,1),when可以引导时间状语从句，意为,“当”,，需注意,“主将从现”,的原则,Ill send you an e-mail when I arrives in Beijing.,2),when也可以引导宾语从句，意为“什么时候”,I dont know when he will arrive in Beijing.,宾语从句的引导词,1.I want to know _ we will have the meeting.Maybe in the classroom.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.whether,【答案】,A,【解析】句意：,我想知道我们在哪里开会。,也许在教室里。,A,表示哪里，,B,表示什么时候，,C,表示谁，,D,表示是否。该句是一个宾语从句，根据,Maybe in the classroom,可知宾语从句中引导词应用,where,，询问的是地点。故选,A,。,宾语从句的引导词,2.We dont know _,but it tells us the importance of friendship.A.what the story is about B.whether the story is true C.when did the story take place,【答案】,B,【解析】句意：我们不知道这个故事是否是真的，但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性。考查宾语从句。根据三要素中的陈述语序可排除,C,，且题意为我们不知道这个故事是否是真的，但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性，故选,B,。,宾语从句的引导词,在含有宾语从句的复合句中，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须使用,陈述语序,，,即：,主句+连词+宾语从句（,主语+谓语,+）,如：I hear,that,physics isnt,easy,I want to know,how soon,it will,begin.,Could you tell me,what,I should,do with the money?,Can you imagine,what kind of man,he is,?,【注意】,当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。,例如:She asked me who had helped him.她问我谁帮助了他。,宾语从句的语序,【注：陈述语序和疑问语序的区别】,对比分析下列例句：,(1)Do you like English?,助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他？,Tom asked me,if/whether I liked English,.,引导词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他.,(2)How will you go to Beijing?,疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他?,Tom asked me,how I would go to Beijing,.,引导词+主语+助动词+谓语动词+宾语+其他.,总结,：疑问语序中，助动词要放在主语之前；,而在陈述语序中，有时没有助动词，如果有的话要放在主语之后。,宾语从句的语序,1.Excuse me,could you tell me _?,Certainly.Go along the street and you will find it on the right.,A.how can I get to the radio station,B.how I can get to the radio station,C.why I can get to the radio station,【答案】B,【解析】句意：打扰一下，你能告诉我去广播站怎么走吗?-当然。沿着这条街走，你会在右边找到它。结合答语可推知，此处指询问怎样去某地，故用表示how；又因为空格处内容在此作tell的宾语从句，宾语从句需要用陈序语序。故选 B。,宾语从句的语序,2.Simon,you look smart in the T-shirt.Could you tell me _ it?,OK.I bought it in a store online.,A.where you bought,B.where do you buy,C.when you buy,D.when did you buy,【答案】A,【解析】句意：西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的考查宾语从句。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的时态应与主句时态相呼应。,宾语从句的时态,主句时态,宾语从句时态,例句,现在时或将来时,可用各种合适的时态,I,want,to know what time he,got up,this morning.,过去时,从句用,一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与主句谓语动作,同时发生,I only,knew,he,was studying,in a western country,but I didnt know what country he,was,in.,从句用,过去完成时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作,之前,He,told,me that he,had told,Mary about the meeting already.,从句用,过去将来时,表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作,之后,The reporter,asked,if the government,would take,necessary measures to put down the to-do.,任意时态,如果从句表示,客观真理,、自然现象或者谚语时，宾语从句要用,一般现在时,The teacher,said,that the moon,goes around,the earth yesterday.,宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可:,主现则从任,主过则从过，客观真理一般现,A.,主现则从任:,主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。,例如:He,tells,me he,studied,English in England,last year,.,他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。,B.,主过则从过:,主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，,带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。,例如:He,told,me that he,liked,playing football.他告诉我他喜欢踢足球。,C.,客观真理一般现:,客观真理永远用一般现在时。,例如:He,said,the moon,goes,around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。,宾语从句的时态,例题1：改错练习,1)She said that she is a student.,2)She said that she will fly to J