翻译三级笔译实务模拟61Section 1 EnglisM_x0019_+iUUe TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.1.（江南博哥） Para. 1 Nearly all applicants for a visa to enter the United Statesan estimated 14.7 million people a yearwill be asked to submit their social media user names for the past five years, under proposed rules that the State Department issued on Friday. Para. 2 Last September, the American administration announced that applicants for immigrant visas would be asked for social media data, a plan that would affect 710,000 people or so a year. The new proposal would vastly expand that order to cover some 14 million people each year who apply for nonimmigrant visas. Para. 3 The proposal covers 20 social media platforms. Most of them are based in the United States, such as Facebook and LinkedIn. But several are based overseas, such as two Russian social networks, and a question-and-answer platform based in Latvia. Para. 4 The new proposal would add a tangible new requirement for millions of people who apply to visit the United States for business or pleasure, including citizens of such countries as Brazil, India and Mexico. Para. 5 Citizens of roughly 40 countries to which the United States ordinarily grants visa-free travel will not be affected by the requirement. Those countries include major allies like Australia, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and South Korea. Para. 6 In addition, visitors traveling on diplomatic and official visas will mostly be exempted. Para. 7 As news of the plan emerged on Friday, so did criticism. Para. 8 This attempt to collect a massive amount of information on the social media activity of millions of visa applicants is yet another ineffective and deeply problematic administration plan, said Hina Shamsi, director of the American Civil Liberties Unions National Security Project. It will infringe on the rights of immigrants and U.S. citizens by chilling freedom of speech and association, particularly because people will now have to wonder if what they say online will be misconstrued or misunderstood by a government official. Para. 9 Anil Kalhan, an associate professor of law at Drexel University who works on immigration and international human rights, wrote on Twitter, This is unnecessarily intrusive and beyond ridiculous. Para. 10 Facebook said its position had not changed since last year, when it said: We oppose any efforts to force travelers at the border to turn over their private account information, including passwords. Para. 11 Along with the social media information, visa applicants will be asked for past passport numbers, phone numbers and email addresses; for records of international travel; whether they have been deported or removed, or violated immigration law, in the past; and whether relatives have been involved in terrorist activities. Para. 12 Maintaining robust screening standards for visa applicants is a dynamic practice that must adapt to emerging threats, the State Department said in a statement. We already request limited contact information, travel history, family member information, and previous addresses from all visa applicants. Collecting this additional information from visa applicants will strengthen our process for vetting these applicants and confirming their identity. Para. 13 The new State Department requirements will not take effect immediately. The proposal set off a 60-day period for public comment, which ends on May 29. 正确答案：第一段 根据美国国务院上周五发布的拟案，几乎所有申请美国签证的人都将需要提供他们在过去五年内使用的社交媒体用户名，而每年签证的申请人数约有1,470万人。 第二段 去年9月，美国政府宣布申请移民签证的人员需要提供他们的社交媒体数据，这一计划每年将影响71万人左右。新的提案将大幅扩大其覆盖面，将每年约1,400万申请非移民签证的人涵盖其中。 第三段 该提案涉及20个社交媒体平台。大多数平台在美国，比如脸书和领英(LinkedIn)。但也有一些是海外的，比如两家俄罗斯社交网络平台和一个位于拉脱维亚(Latvia)的问答平台。 第四段 这项新的提议将给数百万申请到美国出差或游玩的人增加一项务必达到的新要求，这其中包括巴西、印度和墨西哥等国的公民。 第五段 美国之前给40个国家免签入境的权利，包括澳大利亚、英国、加拿大、法国、德国、日本和韩国等主要盟国，这些国家的公民不会受到这一规定的影响。 第六段 此外，大多数持外交和因公签证入境的游客也不受新规影响。 第七段 该计划在周五公布后，批评声也随之而来。 第八段 美国公民自由联盟(American Civil Liberties Union)国家安全项目负责人希娜沙姆西(Hina Shamsi)表示，“试图收集数百万签证申请人的大量社交媒体活动信息，又是一项效率低下且存在严重问题的政府计划。它违背了言论自由和结社自由，侵犯了移民和美国公民的权利。特别是现在人们不得不担心，他们在网上的言论是否会被政府官员误解。” 第九段 德雷塞尔大学(Drexel University)研究移民和国际人权问题的法学副教授阿尼尔卡尔汗(Anil Kalhan)发推特说，“这是不必要的冒犯，荒谬至极。” 第十段 脸书说，自去年以来它的立场丝毫没有改变。当时它表示：“我们反对任何迫使边境游客交出私人账户信息(包括密码)的行为。” 第十一段 除了社交媒体信息，签证申请人还需要提供过去的护照号码、电话号码、电子邮箱地址、国际旅行记录，并且要回答是否曾被驱逐出境、违反移民法或亲属是否参与了恐怖活动等问题。 第十二段 美国国务院在一份声明中表明：“对待签证申请人，坚持采用严格的筛选标准，即是个动态的过程，也是应对层出不穷的威胁的必要之举。我们之前已经要求所有签证申请人提供少量的信息，包括联系方式、旅行经历、家庭成员信息和先前住址。从签证申请人那里再收集更多信息，有利于我们审查申请人并确认他们的身份。” 第十三段 国务院新规不会立即生效。此项提议将有60天的公众评议期，截至5月29日结束。解析 1第一段句子较长，under proposed rules that the State Department issued on Friday表示本句的信息来源，可将其放至句首，译作“根据美国国务院上周五发布的拟案”，使译文更加流畅。 2第四段tangible原义为“有形的，实质的，实实在在的”。文中用来修饰美国签证的新要求，表明要求是实质性的、是真的，不是说着玩的，移民要来美国就得达到要求，因此可将tangible译为“务必达到的”。 3第八段句infringe on为固定搭配，意思是to limit or take away somebodys legal rights。因