翻译三级笔译实务模拟96Section English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.1. In t（江南博哥）he winter of 1915, Pvt.1 Ernest Cable arrived at the hospital in Wimereux (维姆勒), France, in bad shape. The British armys soldiers stationed on the Western Front of World War I were being ravaged by a variety of microscopic enemies. For Private Cable, it was Shigella flexneri (福氏志贺 氏菌), the bacterium that causes dysentery.2 A military bacteriologist named Lt. William Broughton-Alcock took a sample of S. flexneri from Private Cables body after he died on March 13, 1915. It was likely kept alive in agar, sealed under paraffin wax, and was eventually renamed NCTC 1 when it became the very first specimen added to Britains National Collection of Type Cultures3, the oldest library of human bacterial pathogens in the world devoted to sharing strains with other scientists. Managed by Public Health England, the N.C.T.C. holds about 6,000 bacterial strains representing more than 900 species that can infect, sicken, maim4 and kill us. (Strains are genetic variants of a species.) Of the nearly 800 registered culture collections in 78 countries, its one of only a few dedicated to clinically relevant bacteriathat is, to species that make us sick. About half of the microorganisms in the worlds culture collections are bacteria, dwarfing5 the number of viruses and fungi. While many scientists today are focused on fighting the spread of the novel coronavirus, bacteria continue to outmaneuver our immune systems and antibiotics. We think of them as invaders in our world, but really, we live in theirs. On any possible, reasonable or fair criterion, wrote Stephen J. Gould, the evolutionary biologist, bacteria areand always have beenthe dominant forms of life on Earth. The collection6 supplies many of the worlds clinical microbiologists with authenticated microbial strains of known origin. These scientists study how bacteria evolve, test safety protocols for infectious pathogens, develop vaccines, anticancer drugs and treatments for metabolic diseases, and study the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Private Cables killer, for instance, was brought back to life from its freeze-dried form by Kate Baker, a microbiologist at the University of Liverpool, and her colleagues, part of an effort to understand how S. flexneri has evolved over the past century. It still kills about 164,000 people every year, most of them children. The team sequenced the NCTC 1s genome and then compared it with other strains isolated in 1954, 1984 and 2002. Only 2 percent of the bacteriums genome had changed over the century, but those changes were associated with higher virulence, immune evasion and greater antimicrobial resistance7. When researchers like Dr. Baker discover a new species or strain, they can deposit it in the N.C.T.C. Their science can then be reproducible, because other people can study it, said Sarah Alexander, the collections lead scientist and curator. There may be new applications for those strains. From my perspective, it is one of the most important collections worldwide, said Jrg Overmann (约尔格奥夫曼), the director of the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, one of the worlds largest and most diverse8. 正确答案：1915年冬天，列兵欧内斯特凯布尔到达法国维姆勒的医院时，身体状况很糟。当时，驻扎在第一次世界大战西线的英国陆军的士兵们正在遭受多种微观敌人的侵袭。列兵凯布尔感染的是会导致痢疾的福氏志贺氏菌。 列兵凯布尔于1915年3月13日病逝后，军队细菌学家威廉布罗夫顿-艾尔柯克中尉对他身体里的福氏志贺氏菌进行了取样。当时，样本可能被置于琼脂培养基中保持活性，然后用石蜡密封起来，收入英国国家标准菌种保藏中心，成为其收藏的第一件标本，并最终重新命名为NCTC 1。该中心是世界上最早的人类细菌病原体库，致力于科学家之间病菌菌株的共享。 该中心由英格兰公共卫生部负责管理，保管着约6000个细菌菌株。这些菌株分属900多个细菌品种，可以致人感染、生病、残疾，甚至死亡(所谓菌株，即细菌品种的基因变种)。在78个国家近800个注册的菌种保藏中，该中心是为数不多的几家致力于收藏临床相关细菌的机构之一，也就是说，他们收藏的都是会让人生病的菌种。 在全世界的菌种保藏中，有大约一半的微生物是细菌，在数量上超过病毒和真菌。现在，很多科学家正在专注于与新型冠状病毒做斗争，可是在与人类的免疫系统和抗生素的斗争中，病菌仍然技高一筹。我们把细菌看成人类世界的入侵者，但是事实却是，我们生活在细菌的世界。 进化生物学家斯蒂芬J. 古尔德这样写道：“无论用任何可能、合理或者公平的标准来衡量，细菌都是而且一直都是地球上占据主导地位的生命形态。” 该中心为世界上很多临床微生物学家提供经过认证、来源已知的微生物菌株。这些科学家的工作是研究细菌如何进化，验证传染性病原体安全操作规程，研发疫苗、抗癌药物以及代谢疾病的治疗方法，研究越来越严重的抗菌剂耐药性问题。 例如，为了理解福氏志贺氏菌在过去的一个世纪是如何演化的，利物浦大学微生物学家凯特贝克和她的同事开展了一项研究，其中就涉及把这种夺走列兵凯布尔生命的病菌从其冷冻干燥的形态复活过来。这种病菌每年都会夺去164000人的生命，其中大部分都是儿童。 贝克的团队对NCTC 1的基因组进行了排序，然后与1954年、1984年和2002年分离的菌株进行对比。过去的一百年里，该病菌的基因组仅有2%发生了变化，但是这些变化却与该病菌致病性提高、规避免疫能力提升以及抗菌剂耐药性增强存在关联。 如果像贝克博士这样的研究者们发现了一个新的菌种或者菌株，他们可以将其储藏在英国国家标准菌种保藏中心。 “这样他们的科学研究就能够重现，因为其他人也能对其开展研究。”中心的首席科学家和主任萨拉亚历山大说，“而且，这些菌株可能会有新的用途。” 德国微生物和细胞培养物中心主任约尔格奥夫曼说：“在我看来，这是全世界最重要的收藏之一。”他所在的中心是世界上最大、收藏种类最多的中心之一。解析 1Pvt.是单词private的缩写，是一种军衔，意思是“列兵”。电影拯救大兵瑞恩(Saving Private Ryan)中，瑞恩的军衔也是“列兵”。 2本句如果照字面意思直译成“对列兵凯布尔而言，它是福氏志贺氏菌”，会给读者不连贯之感，影响读者的理解，应根据上下文调整措辞。 3National Collection of Type Cultures如果译成“国家标准菌种保藏”，就不像是机构的名字，宜加上“中心”一词。the oldest library of.是其同位语，library最常见的意思是“图书馆”，但是在本文中翻译成“图书馆”明显不合适，应译成“库”。 4maim的意思是wound or injure (someone) so that part of the body is permanently damaged。从程度上说，infect、sicken、maim和kill是递进关系，将它们译成汉语的难