翻译二级笔译实务分类模拟题31英译汉1. Our world has never been so small or so flat, thanks to technologies that have al（江南博哥）tered our relationship with time and space in ways that would startle even Albert Einstein. 正确答案：由于技术改变了我们与时空之间的关系，我们的世界从未变得如此之小、如此之平，而这些变化甚至可能让爱因斯坦也惊讶不已。2. To be effective in the 21st century, educational institutions will have to become truly cosmopolitan. 正确答案：要在21世纪有效地发挥作用，教育机构必须名副其实地国际化。3. Were at the mercy of fluctuating gas prices all too often; we pump too many greenhouse gases into the air. 正确答案：我们时刻受到油价波动的任意摆布，还向大气层排放了过量的温室气体。4. What we need, then, is a smart transportation system equal to the needs of the 21st century. 正确答案：我们需要的是与21世纪的需求相匹配的智能交通系统。5. This high-speed rail system is not some fanciful, pie-in-the-sky vision of the future. 正确答案：高铁并非是异想天开的未来幻想。6. More people travel between those cities by rail than by car and airplane combined. 正确答案：乘高铁来往于两地的人数超过了驾车和乘飞机的人数总和。7. By making investments across the country, well lay a new foundation for our economic competitiveness and contribute to smart urban and rural growth. 正确答案：通过在全国范围内投资，我们将为我们的经济竞争力打下新的基础，促进城乡的巧增长。8. Well create highly-skilled construction and operating jobs, and generate demand for technology that gives a new generation of innovators and entrepreneurs the opportunity to step up and lead the way in the 21st century. 正确答案：我们将创造需要高技能的建设和运营岗位，并增加对技术的需求，这将给新一代的创新者和企业家机会，使他们脱颖而出，引领21世纪。9.The Electron Microscope1 The general layout of the illumination system and lenses of the electron microscope corresponds to the layout of the light microscope. The electrons are accelerated by a high-voltage potential (usually 40, 000 to 100,000 volts), and pass through a condenser lens system usually composed of two magnetic lenses. The system concentrates the beam on to the specimen, and the objective lens provides the primary magnification. The final image in the electron microscope must be projected on to a phosphor-coated screen so that it can be seen. For this reason, the lenses that are the equivalent of the eyepiece in an optical microscope are called projector lenses. Normally, the electron microscope is upside-down when compared with the light microscope, with the electron gun at the top of the column and the fluorescent screen at the bottom. The screen is viewed through a window let into the front2. The column of the microscope is held under high vacuum to prevent the electrons passing through it from striking air molecules and beingscattered2. The strength of an electron lens depends on the current passing through the coil that produces the magnetic field. The strength of the lens can be varied by altering the current. In the electron microscope, therefore, the lenses are fixed, and adjustments are made to magnification and focus by altering the current passing through the lens coils. The condenser lens focuses the beam of electrons on to the specimen and affects the amount of illumination on the screen; the objective lens focuses the image; and the projector lenses alter the magnification. Magnetic lenses suffer from the same defects (chromatic and spherical aberration) in the same way as glass lenses. But the same methods of correction cannot be used, because there is no negative electron lens. A very small lens aperture is employed to correct spherical aberration, but this severely limits the final resolution. Chromatic aberration is reduced by using electrons of a single wavelength. To produce such electrons, the accelerating voltage must be kept very steady because the wavelength of the beam is related to the accelerating voltage. Electron-microscope lenses suffer from the further aberration of astigmatism, which affects light-microscope lenses to a far lesser degree. Astigmatism is caused by the lens having two focal planes for axes at right angles to each other4. Nothing can be done about astigmatism in an optical microscope. But in an electron microscope it can be corrected. Astigmatism in the electron microscope arises from two sources: from the lenses themselves, and from dirty apertures (which are only 25 to 50 microns in diameter) in the objective lens. In both cases the astigmatism can be corrected by a skilled operator. In effect, the electron microscope achieves its superior resolution more in spite of, than because of, its lenses. 正确答案：电子显微镜 电子显微镜的照明系统和透镜系统的总体布局与光学显微镜的布局是相似的。电子通过高压动势(一般为4万10万伏)来加速其运动。电子束通过一般由两个磁透镜组成的聚光透镜系统。聚焦透镜系统把电子束集中到试样上，由物镜进行初步放大，电子显微镜的最后图像必须要投射到荧光屏上，这样才能看得见。因此，这些相当于光学显微镜的目镜称之为投映透镜。 在正常情况下，电子显微镜与光学显微镜比较，是上下颠倒的，电子枪在镜筒的顶端，而荧光屏则在底部。在镜筒前部开了个窗洞，通过它可以看到荧光屏。镜筒保持高度真空以防止在其中通过的电子撞击空气中的分子，从而被冲散。 电子透镜的聚焦强度取决于通过磁透镜线圈的电流，电流通过线圈产生磁场。透镜的聚焦能力能够通过改变电流进行调节。因此，在电子显微镜内，透镜是固定的，对放大率和焦距的调节是通过改变磁透镜线圈内的电流而进行的。聚焦透镜把电子束聚焦在试样上，并会影响荧光屏的照明度，物镜聚焦成像，而投映透镜则改变放大率。 电子显微镜(磁)透镜具有与玻璃透镜同样的缺点，即产生色散和球面像差，但是却不能用于对玻璃透镜同样的方法加以纠正，因为没有“负”电子透镜。 使用很少的透镜孔径来纠正球面像差，但这样做严重地影响了最终的图像清晰度。色散可以