单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,语法项目:基本成分,英语的基本成分有七种：,1.主语（subject）,2.谓语（predicate）,3.,表语（predicative）,4.宾语（object）,5.宾语补足语 (object complement),6.定语（attribute）,7.状语 (adverbial),8.同位语 (appositive),9.,主语补足语,(subject complement),首先应该掌握的基本语法概念:,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,v-ing,v-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语(间),宾语(直),Vt,Vl(系),Vi(不及,物,),noun/pronoun/,the+adj/v-ing,/clause/infinitive,etc,noun/pronoun/,the+adj/v-ing,/clause/infinitive,etc,英语句子基本成分示意图一,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell,etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,v-ing/V-ed,Clause,etc.,wake/rise/work/walk/fall/,matter/talk/care/shine,etc,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语(间),宾语(直),Vt,Vl,Vi,英语句子基本成分示意图二,前置定语,后置定语,前置定语,后置定语,状语,状语,状语,状语,状语,名词/冠词/数词/形容词,动名词/现在分词/过去分词,介词词组/不定式/动名词/,现在分词/过去分词/过去分词,/形容词/副词 /定语从句,副词/时间名词/介词词组,不定式/过去分词/形容词,从句/独立结构/少数特殊词组,状语,句子成分构成一览表,主 语,谓 语,系动词+表语,能,够,充,当,的,词,性,名词,代词,数词,不定式,-ing式,从句,the+形容词,the+过去式,第一种：14个动词构成,2.第二种：“系动词+表词”构成,be /am,is/are,was/were,(being)/(been),Seem/sound,Look/smell,名词/代词,数词/形容词,副词/不定式,ing式,过去分词,介词词组,从句,不,能,充,当,的,词,语,形容词,副词,动词原形,介词词组,介词,形容词,名词,数词,副词,介词词组,单独作表语的词语,宾语,宾补,定语,状语,同,主,语,名词,数词,形容词,副词,不定式,ing式,过去分词,介词词组,副词/时间名词组,介词词组,不定式,ing式词组,过去分词,形容词（词组）,从句,独立结构,少数特殊词组,用,主,语,动词原形,动词原形、,（非时间）名词,句子成分构成一览表,能,够,充,当,的,词,性,不,能,充,当,的,词,语,介词词组/不定式(词组),-ing 式（词组)作后置定语,过去分词（词组）/形容词（词组）,副词/从句,名词（词组）/冠词作前置定语,数词/形容词（词组）,单个ing式动词 /过去分词,动词原形。其中介词词组、,不定式词组、ing式词组、,从句只能作后置定语，,不能作前置定语。,The boy wearing glasses hears a song sung on his way home.,过去分词作宾补,现在分词作定语,及物动词作谓语,介短作状语,名词作主,语,名词作宾语,“West life”,a music band,is popular around the world.,West life,名词作主语,系动词作谓语,形容词作表语,名词作同位语,介短作状语,We,young students,shall eat more vegetables.,代词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,代词作定语,名词作同位语,I went to the beach with my parents last night.,代词作主语,不及物动词+介词作谓语,名词作宾语,介短作状语,名词 作状语,How many flowers can you see in the picture?,代词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作定语,名词作宾语,介短作状语,It really looks like a beautiful bridge.,代词作主语,系动词作谓语,介短作表语,副词作状语,The old castles have been standing here for a long time.,名词作主语,不及物动词作谓语,形容词作定语,副词作状语,介短作状语,The football fans consider him their hero.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,名词作宾补,名词作定语,Let us enjoy a journey into wildlife.,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,不带to的不定式作宾补,介短作定语,The music made by them sounds very exciting.,名词作主语,系动词作谓语,现在分词作表语,冠词作定语,过去分词作定语,副词作状语,Giant Panda,Having walked for a long time,the panda sat here eating.,名词作主语,不及物动词作谓语,分词完成式作状语,介短作状语,现在分词作状语,South China tigers,the animals in danger,should be protected.,名词作主语,及物动词被动结构作谓语,名词作同位语,介短作定语,The other monkeys made it the head of their group.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,名词作宾补,介短作定语,The good looking girl is wondering what to do tonight.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,不定式作宾语,分词短语作定语,名词作状语,red-crowned crane 丹顶鹤,Flying makes them stronger and healthier.,动名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,形容词作宾补,Smith traveled to Chendu by train 3 days ago.,名词作主语,不及物动词+介词作谓语,名词作宾语,介短作状语,名词+副词作状语,Where to find a place to live in remains a problem.,不定式作主语,系动词作谓语,名词作表语,不定式作定语,There is a well decorated room nearby.,名词作主语,不及物动词作谓语,分词短语作定语,副词作状语,副词作状语,Who does the house belong to?,名词作主,语,不及物动词+介词作谓语,疑问代词作宾语,On weekends,she was busy with housework,cleaning and washing.,代词作主语,系动词作谓语,形容词短语作表语,现在分词作状语,介短作状语,Mickey Mouse together with other friends gets together to celebrate Christmas.,名词作主语,不及物动词作谓语,不定式作目的状语,介短作定语,To decorate the living room took me lots of time.,不定式作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,名词作宾语,介短作定语,The shopping center attracts many people to come here.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,动名词作定语,代词作定语,不定式作宾补,副词作状语,Girls of her age never know what to worry about.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,不定式作宾语,介短作定语,副词作状语,Lots of souvenirs were found in the shop.,名词作主语,及物动词被动形式作谓语,介短作定语,介短作状语,That man in pants is Ronald,a Brazilian soccer player.,名词作主语,系动词作谓语,名词作表语,名词作同位语,介短作定语,名词作定语,Can you say something about your last trip?,代词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,介短作定语,shark,seal,sea horse,starfish,octopus,dolphin,The animals found in this area are various.,名词作主语,系动词作谓语,形容词作表语,分词作定语,What kinds of activities are they doing?,(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6),(7),(8),代词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,介短作定语,Our teacher,Miss Wang told us to do exercise at class.,名词作主语,名词作同位语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,不定式作宾补,介短作状语,Having finished our job,we held a party yesterday.,代词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,名词作状语,分词的完成式作状语,Doing all kinds of activities requires great skills.,动名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,Beaten black and blue,the boy was carried home.,名词作主语,过去分词作状语,及物动词被动式作谓语,副词作主补,The cell phone,once invented,attracts peoples interest.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,名词作宾语,形容词性物主代词作定语,状语从句的省略结构作状语,省略（it was),With so many friends around me,I felt very warm.,代词作主语,系动词作谓语,形容词作表语,副词作状语,With+N+介词短语的复合结构作状语,Living in a world of wonderful views is our dream.,动名词短语作主语,系动词作谓语,名词作表语,介短作定语,Troops of soldiers were sent to the front to protect their country.,名词作主语,及物动词被动式作谓语,介短作状语,不定式作状语,名词短语作定语,Love can make one feel powerful and delighted.,名词作主语,及物动词作谓语,代词作宾语,不带to的不定式短语作宾补,To be a fish in the ocean is my hope.,不定式作主语,系动词作谓语,名词作表语,介短作定语,She is said to have been to the city in the past.,代词作主语,动词短语作谓语,名词作宾语,介短作状语,After hiding behind the stone,he started to shout.,代词作主语,动词短语作谓语